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Marie A, Georgescauld F, Johnson KR, Ray S, Engen JR, Ivanov AR. Native Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry of Near 1 MDa Non-Covalent GroEL/GroES/Substrate Protein Complexes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306824. [PMID: 38191978 PMCID: PMC10953559 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein complexes are essential for proteins' folding and biological function. Currently, native analysis of large multimeric protein complexes remains challenging. Structural biology techniques are time-consuming and often cannot monitor the proteins' dynamics in solution. Here, a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method is reported to characterize, under near-physiological conditions, the conformational rearrangements of ∽1 MDa GroEL upon complexation with binding partners involved in a protein folding cycle. The developed CE-MS method is fast (30 min per run), highly sensitive (low-amol level), and requires ∽10 000-fold fewer samples compared to biochemical/biophysical techniques. The method successfully separates GroEL14 (∽800 kDa), GroEL7 (∽400 kDa), GroES7 (∽73 kDa), and NanA4 (∽130 kDa) oligomers. The non-covalent binding of natural substrate proteins with GroEL14 can be detected and quantified. The technique allows monitoring of GroEL14 conformational changes upon complexation with (ATPγS)4-14 and GroES7 (∽876 kDa). Native CE-pseudo-MS3 analyses of wild-type (WT) GroEL and two GroEL mutants result in up to 60% sequence coverage and highlight subtle structural differences between WT and mutated GroEL. The presented results demonstrate the superior CE-MS performance for multimeric complexes' characterization versus direct infusion ESI-MS. This study shows the CE-MS potential to provide information on binding stoichiometry and kinetics for various protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Lise Marie
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Florian Georgescauld
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Kendall R. Johnson
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Somak Ray
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - John R. Engen
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological AnalysisDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
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2
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Schwenzer AK, Kruse L, Jooß K, Neusüß C. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for protein analyses under native conditions: Current progress and perspectives. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300135. [PMID: 37312401 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry is a rapidly emerging technique for fast and sensitive structural analysis of protein constructs, maintaining the protein higher order structure. The coupling with electromigration separation techniques under native conditions enables the characterization of proteoforms and highly complex protein mixtures. In this review, we present an overview of current native CE-MS technology. First, the status of native separation conditions is described for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), as well as their chip-based formats, including essential parameters such as electrolyte composition and capillary coatings. Further, conditions required for native ESI-MS of (large) protein constructs, including instrumental parameters of QTOF and Orbitrap systems, as well as requirements for native CE-MS interfacing are presented. On this basis, methods and applications of the different modes of native CE-MS are summarized and discussed in the context of biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical questions. Finally, key achievements are highlighted and concluded, while remaining challenges are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Kruse
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Nehmeh B, Haydous F, Akoury E. Mass calibrants for positive chemical ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (CI-HRMS) for the identification of unknown compounds using accurate mass measurements. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14001-14009. [PMID: 37181506 PMCID: PMC10167574 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) is still the most routinely performed method for metabolite profiling as compared to other hyphenated techniques. But when it comes to identification of unknown compounds, information on the molecular weight is not readily available because the molecular ion is not always found with electron ionization (EI). Thus, the use of chemical ionization (CI) is envisaged that commonly produces the molecular ion; in combination with accurate mass measurement, this technique would further allow for calculation of sum formulas of those compounds. However, for proper accuracy of analysis, a mass calibrant is needed. We set out to find a commercially available reference material with mass peaks that would qualify the substance as mass calibrant under CI conditions. Six commercially available mass calibrants, FC 43, PFK, Ultramark 1621, Ultramark 3200F, Triton X-100, and PEG 1000, were tested under CI conditions to understand their fragmentation behavior. Our findings indicate that Ultramark 1621 and PFK best fit the expectations of a mass calibrant for HRMS analysis whereby PFK provided a fragmentation pattern similar to EI outcomes thus enabling the use of mass reference tables commonly provided within commercial mass spectrometers. On the other hand, Ultramark 1621 is a mixture of fluorinated phosphazines that shows stable fragment intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Nehmeh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University Beirut 1102-2801 Lebanon
| | - Fatima Haydous
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University Beirut 1102-2801 Lebanon
| | - Elias Akoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University Beirut 1102-2801 Lebanon
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Chen D, McCool EN, Yang Z, Shen X, Lubeckyj RA, Xu T, Wang Q, Sun L. Recent advances (2019-2021) of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for multilevel proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:617-642. [PMID: 34128246 PMCID: PMC8671558 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multilevel proteomics aims to delineate proteins at the peptide (bottom-up proteomics), proteoform (top-down proteomics), and protein complex (native proteomics) levels. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) can achieve highly efficient separation and highly sensitive detection of complex mixtures of peptides, proteoforms, and even protein complexes because of its substantial technical progress. CE-MS has become a valuable alternative to the routinely used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for multilevel proteomics. This review summarizes the most recent (2019-2021) advances of CE-MS for multilevel proteomics regarding technological progress and biological applications. We also provide brief perspectives on CE-MS for multilevel proteomics at the end, highlighting some future directions and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rachele A. Lubeckyj
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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5
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Zhang W, Xiang Y, Xu W. Probing protein higher-order structures by native capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Tan C, Hong J, Xu W. Ion Bunching in Square-Wave-Driven Mobility Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13682-13690. [PMID: 36170210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ion-bunching effect was typically produced for ion beams in the gas phase, such as in ion accelerators. In this work, ion bunching was generated for ions in a liquid channel, specifically in a mobility capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MCE-MS) setup. MCE was recently developed and coupled with MS for ion separation and the precise measurements of ion hydrodynamic radius and effective charge in solution. In conventional MCE, a DC high voltage is applied, which serves as the separation voltage. In this study, square waves were employed to replace this DC voltage, and the ion-bunching phenomenon was observed and characterized in both simulations and experiments. After applying a high voltage square wave, cations and anions would be bunched and concentrated at the positive and negative half cycle of the square wave, respectively. Accordingly, ion signal intensities detected by the following mass spectrometer could be increased by up to ∼50 folds for the aspartic acid anion. This square wave could also dissociate metal adduct cations from nucleic acid anions, which results in stronger nucleic acid ion intensities (up to ∼10 folds) with cleaner backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Tan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Rajalakshmi K, Deng T, Muthusamy S, Xie M, Xie J, Lee KB, Xu Y. Prostate cancer biomarker citrate detection using triaminoguanidinium carbon dots, its applications in live cells and human urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120622. [PMID: 34865974 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is a tricarboxylate, plays vital role in prostate cancer (PC) and the level of citrate is an indicator for PC identification. Herein, triaminoguanidine carbon dots (TAG-CDs) prepared by one step hydrothermal method and used as a citrate receptor. Notably the TAG-CDs without alkaline treatment were highly fluorescent at pH 7 with high quantum yield (11.3%). TAG-CDs were characterized through TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis and spectrofluorimetry. It is noted that the average size was of 2.8 nm, the presence of highly disordered carbon, retain the functionality of TAG. The absorbance maxima obtained at 294 nm and good emitting response observed at 396 nm. The Y-aromaticity of receptor guanidinium moiety acts as Lewis acid and have peculiar interaction with Lewis base citrate via electrostatic interaction and also protons in the TAG participate hydrogen bonds with citrate, which causes quenching of TAG-CDs. From the obtained linear quenching equation the LOD was found to be 4 nM. The probe expressed high selectivity, high interference tolerance (500 - fold), fast response in 15 mins and good biocompatible. Finally, TAG-CDs utilized for the intracellular imaging of citrate in live MCF-7 cells, it showed good cytotoxicity and delivered contrast images in presence, absence of citrate. TAG-CDs detected the citrate level in human urine samples, the obtained results are validated with HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Rajalakshmi
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tongtong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Selvaraj Muthusamy
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Jimin Xie
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kang-Bong Lee
- National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanguo Xu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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8
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Amani AM, Alami A, Shafiee M, Sanaye R, Dehghani FS, Atefi M, Zare MA, Gheisari F. A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for dopamine and uric acid in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Studying protein structure and function by native separation–mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:215-231. [PMID: 37117432 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein structure may have profound effects on biological function. Analytical techniques that permit characterization of proteins while maintaining their conformational and functional state are crucial for studying changes in the higher order structure of proteins and for establishing structure-function relationships. Coupling of native protein separations with mass spectrometry is emerging rapidly as a powerful approach to study these aspects in a reliable, fast and straightforward way. This Review presents the available native separation modes for proteins, covers practical considerations on the hyphenation of these separations with mass spectrometry and highlights the involvement of affinity-based separations to simultaneously obtain structural and functional information of proteins. The impact of these approaches is emphasized by selected applications addressing biomedical and biopharmaceutical research questions.
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10
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Kumar A, Malik AK, Singh B. Recent advances in the analysis of plant alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar
- Government Post‐Graduate College Department of Chemistry Una Himachal Pradesh India
| | | | - Baljinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology Panjab University Chandigarh India
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11
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021). Electrophoresis 2021; 43:82-108. [PMID: 34632606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
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12
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Kuzyk VO, Somsen GW, Haselberg R. CE-MS for Proteomics and Intact Protein Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:51-86. [PMID: 34628627 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to explore various parameters involved in achieving high-end capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of proteins, peptides, and their posttranslational modifications. The structure of the topics discussed in this book chapter is conveniently mapped on the scheme of the CE-MS system itself, starting from sample preconcentration and injection techniques and finishing with mass analyzer considerations. After going through the technical considerations, a variety of relevant applications for this analytical approach are presented, including posttranslational modifications analysis, clinical biomarker discovery, and its growing use in the biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia O Kuzyk
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, AIMMS: Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Moser MR, Baker CA. Taylor dispersion analysis in fused silica capillaries: a tutorial review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2357-2373. [PMID: 33999088 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological and pharmaceutical analytes like liposomes, therapeutic proteins, nanoparticles, and drug-delivery systems are utilized in applications, such as pharmaceutical formulations or biomimetic models, in which controlling their size is often critical. Many of the common techniques for sizing these analytes require method development, significant sample preparation, large sample quantities, and lengthy analysis times. In other cases, such as DLS, sizing can be biased towards the largest constituents in a mixture. Therefore, there is a need for more rapid, sensitive, accurate, and straightforward analytical methods for sizing macromolecules, especially those of biological origin which may be sample-limited. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is a sizing technique that requires no calibration and consumes only nL to pL sample volumes. In TDA, average diffusion coefficients are determined via the Taylor-Aris equation by characterizing band broadening of an analyte plug under well-controlled laminar flow conditions. Diffusion coefficient can then be interpreted as hydrodynamic radius (RH) via the Stokes-Einstein equation. Here, we offer a tutorial review of TDA, intended to make the method better understood and more widely accessible to a community of analytical chemists and separations scientists who may benefit from the unique advantages of this versatile sizing method. We first provide a tutorial on the fundamental principles that allow TDA to achieve calibration-free sizing of analytes across a wide range of RH, with an emphasis on the reduced sample consumption and analysis times that result from utilizing fused silica capillaries. We continue by highlighting relationships between operating parameters and critically important flow conditions. Our discussion continues by looking at methods for applying TDA to sample mixtures via algorithmic approaches and integration of capillary electrophoresis and TDA. Finally, we present a selection of reports that demonstrate TDA applied to complex challenges in bioanalysis and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Moser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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14
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Recent (2018-2020) development in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:115-130. [PMID: 33754195 PMCID: PMC7984737 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methodology and instrumentation, as well as application of CE to solve new problems, remains an active research area because of the attractive features of CE compared to other separation techniques. In this review, we focus on the representative works about sample preconcentration, separation media or capillary coating development, detector construction, and multidimensional separation in CE, which are judiciously selected from the papers published in 2018–2020.
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Hong J, Hou C, Xu Z, He M, Xu W. Liquid-Phase Ion Trap for Ion Trapping, Transfer, and Sequential Ejection in Solutions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9065-9071. [PMID: 32441513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new method/mechanism to manipulate ions in solution was developed, based on which liquid-phase ion trap was built. In this liquid-phase ion trap, ion manipulations conventionally performed in a quadrupole ion trap or in a trapped ion mobility spectrometer placed in a vacuum were achieved in solutions. Through theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, it is found that ions have different motional characteristics than those in vacuum. Instead of a radio frequency quadrupole electric field, tunable DC electric fields together with a constant liquid flow were applied to control ion motions in solution. Different ions could be trapped and focused in a potential well, and ion densities could be increased by over 100-fold. By adjusting the DC electric field of the potential well, trapped ions could be transferred into another trapping region or sequentially released for detection. Ions released from the liquid-phase ion trap were then detected by a mass spectrometer interfaced with an electrospray ionization source. Since the ion manipulation mechanism in solution is different and complementary to that in vacuum, the use of a liquid-phase ion trap could also boost detection sensitivity and the mixture analysis capability of a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyue Hou
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zuqiang Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muyi He
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Tang Y, Tan C, Xu W. Toward Nanopore Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: Nanopore Effects in the Analysis of Bacteria. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1001-1008. [PMID: 32607447 PMCID: PMC7318062 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shape and structure analyses capability of nanopore is powerful and complementary to mass spectrometry analysis. It is extremely attractive but challenging to integrate these two techniques. The feasibility of combining nanopore electrospray with mass spectrometry was explored in this study. A nanopore effect was observed during the nano-electrospray of single bacterium, through which the shape and dimension of a single bacterium could be obtained. Molecular information on these bacteria was then acquired by analyzing these bacteria deposited on the counter electrode through laser spray ionization mass spectrometry experiments. Proof-of-concept experiments were carried out for four types of bacteria. Results show that the combination of nanopore results with mass spectrum data could effectively improve the identification accuracy of these bacteria from 72.5% to 100%. Although initial experiments were demonstrated in this work, results showed that it is feasible and promising to integrate nanopore technology with mass spectrometry for large biomolecule studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Xu
- . Web: http://www.escience.cn/people/weixu
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17
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Wu H, Zhang R, Zhang W, Hong J, Xiang Y, Xu W. Rapid 3-dimensional shape determination of globular proteins by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4758-4765. [PMID: 34122932 PMCID: PMC8159243 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01965h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Established high-throughput proteomics methods provide limited information on the stereostructures of proteins. Traditional technologies for protein structure determination typically require laborious steps and cannot be performed in a high-throughput fashion. Here, we report a new medium throughput method by combining mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) and native mass spectrometry (MS) for the 3-dimensional (3D) shape determination of globular proteins in the liquid phase, which provides both the geometric structure and molecular mass information of proteins. A theory was established to correlate the ion hydrodynamic radius and charge state distribution in the native mass spectrum with protein geometrical parameters, through which a low-resolution structure (shape) of the protein could be determined. Our test data of 11 different globular proteins showed that this approach allows us to determine the shapes of individual proteins, protein complexes and proteins in a mixture, and to monitor protein conformational changes. Besides providing complementary protein structure information and having mixture analysis capability, this MCE and native MS based method is fast in speed and low in sample consumption, making it potentially applicable in top–down proteomics and structural biology for intact globular protein or protein complex analysis. Using native mass spectrometry and mobility capillary electrophoresis, the ellipsoid dimensions of globular proteins or protein complexes could be measured efficiently.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist Beijing China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist Beijing China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist Beijing China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist Beijing China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijng China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist Beijing China
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18
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Hong J, Wu H, Zhang R, He M, Xu W. The Coupling of Taylor Dispersion Analysis and Mass Spectrometry to Differentiate Protein Conformations. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5200-5206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muyi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Crihfield C, Kristoff C, Veltri L, Penny W, Holland L. Semi-permanent cationic coating for protein separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1607:460397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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21
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Zhang F, Hong J, Xu W, Qu F. Straight nano-electrospray ionization and its coupling of mobility capillary electrophoresis to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 206:120183. [PMID: 31514879 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) was developed previously in our group, which has the capabilities of ion separation and biomolecule hydrodynamic radius analysis. The coupling of MCE with mass spectrometry (MS) would greatly improve complex sample identification capability as well as system detection sensitivity. In the present study, a simple and robust ionization source, named as straight nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI) source was developed, which was applied to couple MCE with MS. A stainless-steel needle attached directly at the end of an MCE capillary was used as the nanoESI emitter, and the connection between this emitter to the liquid flow in the MCE separation channel was established through a liquid bridge. After optimization, this straight nanoESI source enhanced the ion signal intensity by ~10 times when compared with a commercial nanoESI source. The MCE-straight nanoESI-MS system was also characterized in terms of mixture separation and peptide hydrodynamic radius measurements. Compared to our previous work when a UV detector was used in a commercial Lumex CE system (model Capel 105 M, St. Petersburg, Russia), peptides with much lower concentrations could be analyzed (from ~1 mg/mL to ~20 μg/mL) in terms of radius measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Feng Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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22
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Zhang W, Wu H, Zhang R, Fang X, Xu W. Structure and effective charge characterization of proteins by a mobility capillary electrophoresis based method. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7779-7787. [PMID: 31588326 PMCID: PMC6761862 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) into mobility capillary electrophoresis allows protein separation, effective charge and hydrodynamic radius measurements.
Measuring the conformations and effective charges of proteins in solution is critical for investigating protein bioactivity, but their rapid analysis remains a challenging problem. Here we report a mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) based method for the rapid analysis of protein stereo-structures and effective charges in different solution environments. With the capability of mixture separation, MCE measures the hydrodynamic radius of a protein through Taylor dispersion analysis and its effective charge through ion mobility analysis. The experimental results acquired from MCE are then utilized to restrain molecular dynamics simulations, so that the most probable conformation of that protein can be obtained. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, the charge states and structures of five proteins were analyzed under close to native environments. The conformation transitions and charge state variations of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme under different pH conditions were also investigated. This method is promising for high-throughput protein analysis, which could potentially be coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating protein stereo-structures and functions in top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology , No. 18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian Dist , Beijing , China .
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Zhang R, Wu H, He M, Zhang W, Xu W. Mobility Capillary Electrophoresis-Restrained Modeling Method for Protein Structure Analysis in Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2335-2341. [PMID: 30807169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein stereostructure analysis in mixtures still remains challenging, especially large-scale analysis such as in proteomics. With the capability of measuring the hydrodynamic radius of ions in the liquid phase, mobility capillary electrophoresis (MCE) has been applied to study the structure of peptides. In this study, MCE was extended for protein mixture separation and their corresponding hydrodynamic radius analyses. After ellipsoid approximation, the results obtained by MCE experiments were then used as a restraint in molecular dynamics simulations to predict the most probable structure of each protein. Besides a three-protein mixture, a mixture of disulfide bond reduced insulin was also studied by this MCE-restrained modeling method. The results obtained by this method agree with literature studies, and mass spectrometry experiments were also carried out to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Haimei Wu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Muyi He
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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