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Qiao B, Lin FY, Fu D, Li SJ, Zhang T, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into facilitating reductive elimination from Ni(II) species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8008-8019. [PMID: 39005163 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reductive elimination is a key step in Ni-catalysed cross-couplings, which is often considered to result in new covalent bonds. Due to the weak oxidizing ability of Ni(II) species, reductive eliminations from Ni(II) centers are challenging. A thorough mechanistic understanding of this process could inspire the rational design of Ni-catalysed coupling reactions. In this article, we give an overview of recent advances in the mechanistic study of reductive elimination from Ni(II) species achieved by our group. Three possible models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species were investigated and discussed, including direct reductive elimination, electron density-controlled reductive elimination, and oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Notably, the direct reductive elimination from Ni(II) species often requires a high activation energy in some cases. In contrast, the electron density-controlled and oxidation-induced reductive elimination pathways can significantly enhance the driving force for reductive elimination, accelerating the formation of new covalent bonds. The intricate reaction mechanisms for each of these pathways are thoroughly discussed and systematically summarized in this paper. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qiao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fa-You Lin
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451162, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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2
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Chatani N. Nickel-Catalyzed Functionalization Reactions Involving C-H Bond Activation via an Amidate-Promoted Strategy and Its Extension to the Activation of C-F, C-O, C-S, and C-CN Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3053-3064. [PMID: 37820051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe development of functionalization reactions involving the activation of C-H bonds has evolved extensively due to the atom and step economy associated with such reactions. Among these reactions, chelation assistance has been shown to provide a powerful solution to the serious issues of reactivity and regioselectivity faced in the activation of C-H bonds. The vast majority of C-H functionalization reactions reported thus far has involved the use of precious metals. Kleiman and Dubeck reported the cyclonickelation of azobenzene and NiCp2 in which an azo group directs a Ni center to activate the ortho C-H bond in close proximity. Although this stoichiometric reaction was discovered earlier than that for other transition-metal complexes, its development as a catalytic reaction was delayed. No general catalytic systems were available for Ni-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions for a long time. This Account details our group's development of Ni(0)- and Ni(II)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C-H functionalization reactions. It also highlights how the new strategy can be extended to the activation of other unreactive bonds.In the early 2010s, we found that the Ni(0)-catalyzed reaction of aromatic amides that contain a 2-pyridinylmethylamine moiety as a directing group with alkynes results in C-H/N-H oxidative annulation to give isoquinolinones. In addition, the combination of a Ni(II) catalyst and an 8-aminoquinoline directing group was found to be a superior combination for developing a wide variety of C-H functionalization reactions with various electrophiles. The reactions were proposed to include the formation of unstable Ni(IV) and/or Ni(III) species; the generation of such high-valence Ni species was rare at that time, but since then, many papers dealing with DFT and organometallic studies have appeared in the literature in attempts to understand the mechanism. Based on our in-depth considerations of the mechanism with respect to why an N,N-bidentate directing group is required, we realized that the formation of a N-Ni bond by the oxidative addition of a N-H bond to a Ni(0) species or a ligand exchange between a N-H bond and Ni(II) species is the key step. We concluded that the precoordination of the N(sp2) atom in the directing group positions the Ni species to be in close proximity to the N-H bond which permits the formation of a N-Ni bond. Based on this working hypothesis, we carried out the reaction using KOtBu as a base and found that the Ni(0)-catalyzed reaction of aromatic amides that do not contain such a specific directing group with alkynes results in the formation of the desired isoquinolinone, in which an amidate anion acts as the actual directing group. Remarkably, this strategy was found to be applicable to the activation of various other unreactive bonds such as C-F, C-O, C-S, and C-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, and Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka Japan
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3
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Yan W, Cheng Q, Jiao Y, Cao CT, Tang Z. Study on the Mechanism of Ru-Catalyzed Cyclization of Aromatic Amides with Allylphosphine Oxides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14945-14952. [PMID: 37839076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Ru-catalyzed cyclization of aromatic amides with allylphosphine oxides is studied by density functional theory calculation (DFT). The results show that, first, a 5-membered Ru ring intermediate is formed by N-H and C-H diprotons via the concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism (CMD) and then the allylphosphine oxide is inserted through the ring-extending reaction to form a 7-membered ring intermediate. Next, reduction elimination is followed via intramolecular hydrogen transfer isomerization. At last, with the assistance of acetic acid, Ru (II) → Ru (IV) → Ru (II) complexes occur from the 7-membered Ru ring intermediate, and the final product is formed by reduction elimination and protonation reaction, while the catalyst is released to participate in the next cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yinchun Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Chao-Tun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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4
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Wu W, Zhao X, Chen G, Liu L, Li Y, Chen T, James TD, Liu Y. Overlooked potential of N, N-bidentate directing-groups in Ni-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:482-485. [PMID: 36530042 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed reactions of benzamides with bicyclic alkenes were explored using DFT calculations. An unprecedented "N-H deprotonation circumvented" catalytic mechanism was proposed, over the more common N-H/C-H activation mechanism, in which (i) the circumvention of N-H deprotonation ensures the presence of N-H⋯O hydrogen bond interaction, thereby stabilizing the critical ortho-C-H functionalization TS; and (ii) the N-H moiety retention results in a weak N⋯Ni σ-coordination, which is flexible to the configurational conversion during the key alkene insertion. These overlooked aspects of the functionalized N,N-bidentate directing groups will aid the design of new related catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Wu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xufang Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
| | - Lingjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resuorces, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resuorces, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
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5
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Newman-Stonebraker SH, Wang JY, Jeffrey PD, Doyle AG. Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Buchwald-Type Phosphines in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19635-19648. [PMID: 36250758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dialkyl-ortho-biaryl class of phosphines, commonly known as Buchwald-type ligands, are among the most important phosphines in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. These ligands have also been successfully applied to several synthetically valuable Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies and, as demonstrated in this work, are top performing ligands in Ni-catalyzed Suzuki Miyaura Coupling (SMC) and C-N coupling reactions, even outperforming commonly employed bisphosphines like dppf in many circumstances. However, little is known about their structure-reactivity relationships (SRRs) with Ni, and limited examples of well-defined, catalytically relevant Ni complexes with Buchwald-type ligands exist. In this work, we report the analysis of Buchwald-type phosphine SRRs in four representative Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Our study was guided by data-driven classification analysis, which together with mechanistic organometallic studies of structurally characterized Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) complexes allowed us to rationalize reactivity patterns in catalysis. Overall, we expect that this study will serve as a platform for further exploration of this ligand class in organonickel chemistry as well as in the development of new Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Newman-Stonebraker
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Y Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philip D Jeffrey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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6
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Duan A, Yu Y, Wang F, Wang X, Wang D. Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of Ni-Catalyzed Cyclization/Carboxylation of Bromoalkynes with CO 2. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8342-8350. [PMID: 35500133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bromoalkynes play important roles in coupling reactions because they can show obvious stereoselectivity to form E- and Z-isomers when substituents are different. However, the origin of the stereoselectivity in the bromoalkynes reaction is still unclear. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to provide an in-depth study of the reaction mechanism, clarifying the mechanistic details of the main reaction and the origin of the stereoselectivity. By comparing the syn-insertion mechanism of alkynes and the radical pathway, it is indicated that the electrostatic effect caused by the different charge distributions of the reactants is the main reason that Ni(I) species are more prone to syn-insertion of alkynes than Ni(II) species. In addition, the lower reaction energy barrier in the radical pathway suggests that it is more advantageous in terms of kinetics. The bond between Ni(I) species and alkenylation products has two directions to generate products of different configurations, which are the direct stereoselectivity-determining stages. The distortion/interaction analysis shows that the distortion energy mainly affects the product configuration, and the steric hindrance is the main factor controlling the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yali Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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7
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Pei C, Zong J, Li B, Wang B. Ni‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Aryl C−H Bonds in Benzamides with CO
2. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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8
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Ghosh S, Shilpa S, Athira C, Sunoj RB. Role of Additives in Transition Metal Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation Reactions: A Computational Perspective. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Theoretical investigation on the mechanism of rhodium-catalyzed C-H dienylation of acetanilide with aryl allene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Pei C, Zong J, Han S, Li B, Wang B. Ni-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of an Unactivated C-H Bond with CO 2. Org Lett 2020; 22:6897-6902. [PMID: 32812433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed direct carboxylation of an unactivated C-H bond is rarely reported, and no example of catalysis using abundant and cheap nickel has been reported. In this work, the first Ni-catalyzed direct carboxylation of an unactivated C-H bond under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 is reported. This method affords moderate to high carboxylation yields of various methyl carboxylates under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a Ni(0)-Ni(II)-Ni(I) catalytic cycle may be involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanglin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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11
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Omer HM, Liu P, Brummond KM. Metal-Free C-C Coupling of an Allenyl Sulfone with Picolyl Amides to Access Vinyl Sulfones via Pyridine-Initiated In Situ Generation of Sulfinate Anion. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7959-7975. [PMID: 32423208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl sulfones are privileged motifs known for their biological activity and synthetic utility. Synthetic transformations to efficiently access high-value compounds with these motifs are desired and sought after. Herein, a new procedure is described to form vinyl sulfone-containing compounds by selective functionalization of the C(sp3)-H bond adjacent to the pyridine ring of pharmacologically prevalent picolyl amides with an allenyl sulfone, 1-methyl-4-(propa-1,2-dien-1-ylsulfonyl)benzene. The reaction conditions are mild with no metal catalyst or additives required and display good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies for this unusual transformation suggest that the reaction operates via a rare pyridine-initiated and p-toluenesulfinate anion-mediated activation of the allenyl sulfone analogous to phosphine-triggered reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humair M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kay M Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Shi B. Ni‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted
Direct Functionalization of Inert C—H Bonds. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Hua Liu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Yu‐Nong Xia
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Bing‐Feng Shi
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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13
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Zhao R, Chen XY, Wang ZX. How does the nickel catalyst control the doubly enantioconvergent coupling of racemic alkyl nucleophiles and electrophiles? The rebound mechanism. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
DFT mechanistic study unveils that the rebound mechanism is the key to the nickel-catalyzed doubly enantioconvergent C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling of racemic alkyl nucleophiles and electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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14
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Berkefeld A, Fröhlich M, Kordan M, Hörner G, Schubert H. Selective metalation of phenol-type proligands for preparative organometallic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3987-3990. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective C-metalation of phenol ester derived proligands is a readily applicable addition to state-of-the-art protocols toward cyclometalated structures, in particular of the base metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Berkefeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Markus Fröhlich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Mike Kordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV
- Universität Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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15
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Zhang C, Zhao R, Dagnaw WM, Liu Z, Lu Y, Wang ZX. Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Insight into the Base-Free Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Acid Fluoride: Concerted versus Stepwise Transmetalation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13983-13991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshen Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wasihun Menberu Dagnaw
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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