1
|
Poursaitidis ET, Gkizis PL, Triandafillidi I, Kokotos CG. Organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide: towards green and sustainable oxidations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1177-1203. [PMID: 38274062 PMCID: PMC10806817 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05618j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of organocatalysis provided an additional option in every researcher's arsenal, towards the development of elegant and sustainable protocols for various organic transformations. Oxidation reactions are considered to be key in organic synthesis since oxygenated functionalities appear in many natural products. Hydrogen peroxide is categorized as a green oxidant, since its only by-product is water, offering novel opportunities for the development of green and sustainable protocols. In this review article, we intend to present recent developments in the field of the organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, providing useful insight into the applied oxidative protocols. At the same time, we will present some interesting mechanistic studies, providing information on the oxygen transfer processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios T Poursaitidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen YX, He JT, Wu MC, Liu ZL, Xia PJ, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-light-driven oxidation of organosilanes by a charge-transfer complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6588-6591. [PMID: 37190787 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct oxidation of organosilanes is one of the most straightforward ways to access silanols. Herein, we describe a novel photo-induced strategy for oxidation of organosilanes to access silanols, promoted by a photoactive charge-transfer complex (CTC) between sodium benzenesulfinate and molecular O2. A streamlined sequence transformation of organosilanes to silyl ethers was also readily achieved. This developed protocol represents the first example of CTC-based oxidation of organosilanes, offering a facile approach to access a series of silanol and silyl ether products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Chun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang M, Fan T, Fang L, Gou G, Yin Y, Liu M, Li L. Building N-hydroxyphthalimide organocatalytic sites into a covalent organic framework for metal-free and selective oxidation of silanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2019-2022. [PMID: 36723104 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel crystalline covalent organic framework COF-NHPI was built by a bottom-up strategy to guarantee highly ordered embedment of the N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) units as nitroxyl radical organocatalytic sites. The COF-NHPI was demonstrated to be a metal-free, highly selective and heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient oxidation of various silanes to the corresponding silanols. Mechanistic studies revealed that the critical phthalimido N-oxyl radical was generated in situ to govern the catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Fan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Gaozhang Gou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Liangchun Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goncharova IK, Tukhvatshin RS, Novikov RA, Volodin AD, Korlyukov AA, Lakhtin VG, Arzumanyan A. Complementary Cooperative Catalytic Systems in the Aerobic Oxidation of a Wide Range of Si–H‐Reagents to Si–OH‐Products: From Monomers to Oligomers and Polymers. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina K. Goncharova
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN Organoelements compounds RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Rinat S. Tukhvatshin
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN Organoelements compounds RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Organic chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander D. Volodin
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN Organoelements compounds RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN Organoelements compounds RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Valentin G. Lakhtin
- A V Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences: Institut neftehimiceskogo sinteza imeni A V Topcieva Rossijskaa akademia nauk Organoelements compounds RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Ashot Arzumanyan
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN Chemistry 28 Vavilov str. 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Li H, Tung CH, Liu L. Practical and Selective Bio-Inspired Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of Si–H Bonds to Diversely Functionalized Organosilanols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Haibei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang H, Wang LJ, Ji YX, Wang H, Zhang B. Selective Electrochemical Hydrolysis of Hydrosilanes to Silanols via Anodically Generated Silyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1839-1844. [PMID: 33058450 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first electrochemical hydrolysis of hydrosilanes to silanols under mild and neutral reaction conditions is reported. The practical protocol employs commercially available and cheap NHPI as a hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) mediator and operates at room temperature with high selectivity, leading to various valuable silanols in moderate to good yields. Notably, this electrochemical method exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional-group compatibility, and it is applicable to late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction appears to proceed through a nucleophilic substitution reaction of an electrogenerated silyl cation with H2 O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yun-Xing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang H, Wang L, Ji Y, Wang H, Zhang B. Selective Electrochemical Hydrolysis of Hydrosilanes to Silanols via Anodically Generated Silyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lu‐Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yun‐Xing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bähr S, Brinkmann-Chen S, Garcia-Borràs M, Roberts JM, Katsoulis DE, Houk KN, Arnold FH. Selective Enzymatic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15507-15511. [PMID: 32212229 PMCID: PMC7511438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the biological world's rich chemistry for functionalizing carbon, enzymatic transformations of the heavier homologue silicon are rare. We report that a wild-type cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium, CYP102A1) has promiscuous activity for oxidation of hydrosilanes to give silanols. Directed evolution was applied to enhance this non-native activity and create a highly efficient catalyst for selective silane oxidation under mild conditions with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The evolved enzyme leaves C-H bonds present in the silane substrates untouched, and this biotransformation does not lead to disiloxane formation, a common problem in silanol syntheses. Computational studies reveal that catalysis proceeds through hydrogen atom abstraction followed by radical rebound, as observed in the native C-H hydroxylation mechanism of the P450 enzyme. This enzymatic silane oxidation extends nature's impressive catalytic repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sabine Brinkmann-Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Present address: Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - John M Roberts
- Dow Core R&D, 633 Washington Street, Midland, MI, 48674, USA
| | | | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bähr S, Brinkmann‐Chen S, Garcia‐Borràs M, Roberts JM, Katsoulis DE, Houk KN, Arnold FH. Selective Enzymatic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Sabine Brinkmann‐Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Marc Garcia‐Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Present address: Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
| | | | | | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shankar R, Mahavar N. A catalytic study of water dispersed gold nanoparticles for the hydrolytic oxidation of diorganosilanes – en route formation of a Pickering catalyst and synthesis of tetraorganodisiloxane-1,3-diols. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16633-16637. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study unfolds the formation of a AuNP-stabilized Pickering catalyst (PIC) en route to the hydrolytic oxidation of diorganosilanes. The method offers a viable route for the synthesis of disiloxane-1,3-diols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Nidhi Mahavar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| |
Collapse
|