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Wang L, Wang H, Rong M, Li W, Li N, Liu P, Li X, Zhang Z. Preparation of hyperbranched hydrophobic nano-silica and its superior needling-effect in PDMS defoam agent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:698-708. [PMID: 38788437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic nano silica powder is a kind of important synergist to silicone defoaming agents. The large pore volume and branched chain conformation of silica nanoparticles present superior effects on defoaming properties. However, silica nanoparticles synthesized by liquid phase easily aggregate and pore collapse because of their high surface activity and polarity, leading to poorer dispersity and limited practicability. In this paper, a novel hydrophobic silica with a hyperbranched structure was designed through in-situ modifying method with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the liquid phase. The trimethylsilanol generated by HMDS hydrolysis reacts quickly with the highly active hydroxyl groups on the silica, causing the surface properties of the nanoparticles to transform from polar to non-polar properties. The steric hindrance of the trimethyl silicon and the reduction of the surface polarity effectively prevent silica pores from collapsing and maintain the macropore structures to realize the hyperbranched silica. At the same time, the -Si (CH3)2- from PDMS endowed the hyperbranched silica with excellent hydrophobicity. When applied in the defoaming agent, the hydrophobicity of silica contributes to dewetting the foams, and the hyperbranched spatial structures play an enhanced needling effect. Therefore, this hydrophobic hyperbranched silica exhibited a surprising defoaming effect, which significantly reduced the defoaming time from 464.4 s to less than 2 s, superior to commercial defoaming silica (155.3 s). The defoaming efficiency reached 100 % within 2 s of the end of the shaking, and the defoamer antifoaming ability was improved to reach 27.5 min, which was 77 % higher than that of commercial defoamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Mingming Rong
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Company Limited, Henan University, Jiyuan 459000, China
| | - Ning Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Company Limited, Henan University, Jiyuan 459000, China
| | - Peisong Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Company Limited, Henan University, Jiyuan 459000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Company Limited, Henan University, Jiyuan 459000, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Company Limited, Henan University, Jiyuan 459000, China
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Yao P, Holzinger R, Materić D, Oyama BS, de Fátima Andrade M, Paul D, Ni H, Noto H, Huang RJ, Dusek U. Methylsiloxanes from Vehicle Emissions Detected in Aerosol Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14269-14279. [PMID: 37698874 PMCID: PMC10537456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylsiloxanes have gained growing attention as emerging pollutants due to their toxicity to organisms. As man-made chemicals with no natural source, most research to date has focused on volatile methylsiloxanes from personal care or household products and industrial processes. Here, we show that methylsiloxanes can be found in primary aerosol particles emitted by vehicles based on aerosol samples collected in two tunnels in São Paulo, Brazil. The aerosol samples were analyzed with thermal desorption-proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (TD-PTR-MS), and methylsiloxanes were identified and quantified in the mass spectra based on the natural abundance of silicon isotopes. Various methylsiloxanes and derivatives were found in aerosol particles from both tunnels. The concentrations of methylsiloxanes and derivatives ranged 37.7-377 ng m-3, and the relative fractions in organic aerosols were 0.78-1.9%. The concentrations of methylsiloxanes exhibited a significant correlation with both unburned lubricating oils and organic aerosol mass. The emission factors of methylsiloxanes averaged 1.16 ± 0.59 mg kg-1 of burned fuel for light-duty vehicles and 1.53 ± 0.37 mg kg-1 for heavy-duty vehicles. Global annual emissions of methylsiloxanes in vehicle-emitted aerosols were estimated to range from 0.0035 to 0.0060 Tg, underscoring the significant yet largely unknown potential for health and climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Dušan Materić
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research─UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sayuri Oyama
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Dipayan Paul
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hanne Noto
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ulrike Dusek
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Ren C, Zhang X, Jia M, Ma C, Li J, Shi M, Niu Y. Antifoaming Agent for Lubricating Oil: Preparation, Mechanism and Application. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073152. [PMID: 37049915 PMCID: PMC10095646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of using lubricating oil, it is inevitable that bubbles will be produced, which can not only accelerate the oil’s oxidation and shorten the oil change cycle but also reduce its fluidity and lubricity, aggravate the wear of mechanical parts and produce an air lock that interrupts the oil pump supply and causes an oil shortage accident. This paper mainly and comprehensively discusses the foaming process and its harm, the defoaming mechanism and defoaming method of lubricating oil, more specifically, the synthesis, application, advantages, disadvantages and current situation of three kinds of chemical defoaming agents, namely silicone defoaming agent, non-silicone defoaming agent and compound defoaming agent. Finally, the paper looks forward to the future development of special defoaming agents for lubricating oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Ren
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenming Ma
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yunyin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Yao P, Chianese E, Kairys N, Holzinger R, Materić D, Sirignano C, Riccio A, Ni H, Huang RJ, Dusek U. A large contribution of methylsiloxanes to particulate matter from ship emissions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107324. [PMID: 35689851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and stable carbon isotopic composition of the organic aerosol particles (OA) emitted by a shuttle passenger ship between mainland Naples and island Capri in Italy were investigated. Various methylsiloxanes and derivatives were found in particulate ship emissions for the first time, as identified in the mass spectra of a thermal desorption - proton transfer reaction - mass spectrometer (TD-PTR-MS) based on the natural abundance of silicon isotopes. Large contributions of methylsiloxanes to OA (up to 59.3%) were found under inefficient combustion conditions, and considerably lower methylsiloxane emissions were observed under cruise conditions (1.2% of OA). Furthermore, the stable carbon isotopic composition can provide a fingerprint for methylsiloxanes, as they have low δ13C values in the range of -44.91‰ ± 4.29‰. The occurrence of methylsiloxanes was therefore further supported by low δ13C values of particulate organic carbon (OC), ranging from -34.7‰ to -39.4‰, when carbon fractions of methylsiloxanes in OC were high. The δ13C values of OC increased up to around -26.7‰ under cruise conditions, when carbon fractions of methylsiloxanes in OC were low. Overall, the δ13C value of OC decreased linearly with increasing carbon fraction of methylsiloxanes in OC, and the slope is consistent with a mixture of methylsiloxanes and fuel combustion products. The methylsiloxanes in ship emissions may come from engine lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Chianese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples, 'Parthenope' Centro Direzionale, Isola C4 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Norbertas Kairys
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dušan Materić
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmina Sirignano
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Lincoln, 5-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelo Riccio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples, 'Parthenope' Centro Direzionale, Isola C4 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ulrike Dusek
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands.
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Zheng R, Chen Y, Chi H, Qiu H, Xue H, Bai H. 3D Printing of a Polydimethylsiloxane/Polytetrafluoroethylene Composite Elastomer and its Application in a Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57441-57449. [PMID: 33297670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicone rubber elastomers are broadly used in various fields, where the three-dimensional (3D) printing of silicone rubber elastomers is important for the free construction of complex structures. Herein, a series of polydimethylsiloxane/polytetrafluoroethylene composite inks for direct-ink-writing 3D printing are developed. The inks are prepared by directly mixing a silicone rubber liquid precursor with polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder. The polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder serves as a thixotropic agent to regulate the rheological properties of the polydimethylsiloxane precursor to fulfill the requirement of 3D printing and endow the composite material with high electron affinity. The printed polydimethylsiloxane/polytetrafluoroethylene composite elastomer exhibits excellent elasticity and cyclic stability. A high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator is constructed with the 3D-printed polydimethylsiloxane/polytetrafluoroethylene composite as the triboelectric layer and elastic structure. This work establishes a new method of 3D printing polydimethylsiloxane-based elastomers and thus provides a new technique for constructing complex structures in flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Zheng
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chi
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xue
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Ning B, Bai Y, Tai X, Wang G. Effects of butynediol alkoxylate trisiloxane on the surface activity, wetting, and foam properties of polyether trisiloxane. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Goodarzi F, Karimi AR. New PEG‐Modified Ladder‐Like Silsesquioxane as an Antifoaming Agent. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Goodarzi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Arak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Ali Reza Karimi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Arak University Arak 38156-8-8349 Iran
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Schaffer A, Kränzlein M, Rieger B. Precise Synthesis of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Copolymers through C–H Bond-Activated Macroinitiators via Yttrium-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
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Experimental and theoretical study of deactivated HDT catalysts by Si species deposited on their surfaces: Models proposition, structural and thermodynamic analysis. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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