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Bahri M, Gebre SH, Elaguech MA, Dajan FT, Sendeku MG, Tlili C, Wang D. Recent advances in chemical vapour deposition techniques for graphene-based nanoarchitectures: From synthesis to contemporary applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pizzocchero F, Jessen BS, Gammelgaard L, Andryieuski A, Whelan PR, Shivayogimath A, Caridad JM, Kling J, Petrone N, Tang PT, Malureanu R, Hone J, Booth TJ, Lavrinenko A, Bøggild P. Chemical Vapor-Deposited Graphene on Ultraflat Copper Foils for van der Waals Hetero-Assembly. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22626-22632. [PMID: 35811885 PMCID: PMC9260747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purity and morphology of the copper surface is important for the synthesis of high-quality, large-grained graphene by chemical vapor deposition. We find that atomically smooth copper foils-fabricated by physical vapor deposition and subsequent electroplating of copper on silicon wafer templates-exhibit strongly reduced surface roughness after the annealing of the copper catalyst, and correspondingly lower nucleation and defect density of the graphene film, when compared to commercial cold-rolled copper foils. The "ultrafoils"-ultraflat foils-facilitate easier dry pickup and encapsulation of graphene by hexagonal boron nitride, which we believe is due to the lower roughness of the catalyst surface promoting a conformal interface and subsequent stronger van der Waals adhesion between graphene and hexagonal boron nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pizzocchero
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
| | - Bjarke S. Jessen
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lene Gammelgaard
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
| | - Andrei Andryieuski
- DTU
Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds pl. 343, Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Patrick R. Whelan
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
- Department
of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
| | - José M. Caridad
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
- Department
of Applied Physics and USAL NanoLab, University
of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jens Kling
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Petrone
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peter T. Tang
- IPU,
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Produktionstorvet 425, Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Radu Malureanu
- DTU
Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds pl. 343, Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - James Hone
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy J. Booth
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
| | - Andrei Lavrinenko
- DTU
Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds pl. 343, Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- CNG—Center
of Nanostructured Graphene, Kongens
Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- DTU
Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 309, Kongens Lyngb 2800 Denmark
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Mirzaei M, Hedayat SM, Karimi-Sabet J, Towfighi Darain J. Graphene growth with no intended carbon precursor feeding into the LPCVD process: causes, solutions, and effects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:025604. [PMID: 32977322 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbbb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have investigated the unintended graphene nucleation problem and its damaging effects on monolayer graphene synthesis in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. This problem is the growth of graphene on the copper surface with no carbon feedstock. A new source of undesired carbon species was identified which has not been addressed so far. The hydrogen-rich heating stage was diagnosed as the onset of the unintended nucleation for the first time owing to the determinant catalytic role of hydrogen in this stage. It was found out that this problem leads to uncontrollable growth of multilayer graphene, growth of defective graphene film and also inhibition of the reliable synthesis of monolayer graphene. We managed to grow enhanced-quality monolayer graphene by developing some innovative solutions to the problem containing a general solution based on the hydrogen effects in the heating stage. The results reveal a significant decrease in the unintended nucleation density from ∼2000 to almost zero domains per 100 × 100 μm2 copper area. Furthermore, Raman, HRTEM and SAED analysis confirm the defect-free growth of monolayer graphene after employing the solutions. These findings could pave the way for the reliable synthesis of high-quality monolayer graphene as well as large-sized graphene domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirzaei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hedayat
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Karimi-Sabet
- Material and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Towfighi Darain
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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