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Aitipamula S, Hadia NJ, Vasantha VA, Parthiban A. An Exceptionally Salt Tolerant Copoly(Maleimide Sulfobetaine) - Structural Requirements for Ultra-Salt Tolerance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400499. [PMID: 39363615 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers are an important class of polymers with far-ranging applications. In the widely studied poly(meth)acrylate and poly(meth) acrylamide-based zwitterions, properties can be tuned by changing the nature of substituents attached to ammonium ions. However, these changes influenced salt tolerance of zwitterionic polymers only to a limited extent. Upon adding salt these polymers expanded in solution initially. Further increase in salt concentration caused the polymer chains to shrink similar to the common water soluble, uncharged polymers thereby deteriorating the viscosity of aqueous solutions. In contrast to the conventional poly(meth)acrylate and poly(meth)acrylamide-based zwitterions, zwitterionic copolymaleimides showed substituent dependent salt-tolerant nature. In the absence of any substituent on the polymer backbone such as zwitterionic poly(ethylene-alt-maleimide) (ZI-PEMA) the viscosity of salt solutions increased both with the increasing salt concentration as well as the concentration of polymer. This is likely due to the continuous expansion of polymer coil in salt solutions with increasing salt concentration caused primarily by the rigidity of the polymer backbone. ZI-PEMA also enhanced the saturation limit of mono- and divalent salts like sodium chloride and hydrated calcium bromide in water. This property is useful for various applications like fish curing, for making high-density fluids, refrigeration, etc. across various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Aitipamula
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Nanji J Hadia
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426, India
| | - Vivek A Vasantha
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anbanandam Parthiban
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
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2
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Corredor LM, Escobar S, Cifuentes J, Llanos S, Quintero HI, Colmenares K, Espinosa C, Delgadillo CL, Romero Bohórquez AR, Manrique E. Effect of a SILICA/HPAM Nanohybrid on Heavy Oil Recovery and Treatment: Experimental and Simulation Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38532-38547. [PMID: 39310147 PMCID: PMC11411534 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The addition of nanoparticles has been presented as an alternative approach to counteract the degradation of polymeric solutions for enhanced oil recovery. In this context, a nanohybrid (NH34) of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (MW ∼12 MDa) and nanosilica modified with 2% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (nSiO2-APTES) was synthesized and evaluated. NH34 was characterized by using dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fluid-fluid tests assessed its viscosifying power, mechanical stability, filterability, and emulsion behavior. Rock-fluid tests were carried out to determine the nanohybrid's adsorption in porous media, the inaccessible pore volume (IPV), and the resistance (RF) and residual resistance factors (RRF). These tests were conducted under the conditions of a Colombian field. NH34 results were compared with four (4) commercial polymers (P34, P88, P51, and PA2). The viscosifying power of NH34 was observed to be similar to that of the four commercial polymers at a lower concentration, but it exhibits more resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. The evaluation of the emulsion behavior showed that the nanohybrid neither changed the dehydration process nor altered the crude oil viscosity, favoring its extraction at the wellhead. However, the water clarification treatment must be adjusted because the oil and grease contents and turbidity increase with the residual concentration of NH34. Incremental oil recovery factors obtained by numerical simulation (compared to waterflooding) were P51 (5.5%) > P34 (4.9%) > P88 (4.8%) > NH34 (2.6%) > PA2 (0.9%). The polymers P51, P34, and P88 had a better recovery factor than NH34 and PA2 due to their lower values of residual adsorption and IPV. Few studies have been reported on polymer nanohybrids' emulsion and flow behavior. Therefore, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the fundamental enhanced oil recovery mechanisms associated with polymer nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Corredor
- Instituto
Colombiano del Petróleo, ECOPETROL S.A., Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Silvia Escobar
- Universidad
Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Colmenares
- Instituto
Colombiano del Petróleo, ECOPETROL S.A., Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | | | | | - Arnold Rafael Romero Bohórquez
- Grupo
de
Investigación en Química Estructural, Departamento de
Química, Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
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3
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Castro RH, Corredor LM, Llanos S, Rodríguez ZP, Burgos I, Niño JA, Idrobo EA, Romero Bohórquez AR, Zapata Acosta K, Franco CA, Cortés FB. Evaluation of the Thermal, Chemical, Mechanical, and Microbial Stability of New Nanohybrids Based on Carboxymethyl-Scleroglucan and Silica Nanoparticles for EOR Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:676. [PMID: 38668170 PMCID: PMC11055106 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Scleroglucan (SG) is resistant to harsh reservoir conditions such as high temperature, high shear stresses, and the presence of chemical substances. However, it is susceptible to biological degradation because bacteria use SG as a source of energy and carbon. All degradation effects lead to viscosity loss of the SG solutions, affecting their performance as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) polymer. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can mitigate these degradative effects. For this reason, the EOR performance of two new nanohybrids (NH-A and NH-B) based on carboxymethyl-scleroglucan and amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles was studied. The susceptibility of these products to chemical, mechanical, and thermal degradation was evaluated following standard procedures (API RP 63), and the microbial degradation was assessed under reservoir-relevant conditions (1311 ppm and 100 °C) using a bottle test system. The results showed that the chemical reactions for the nanohybrids obtained modified the SG triple helix configuration, impacting its viscosifying power. However, the nanohybrid solutions retained their viscosity during thermal, mechanical, and chemical degradation experiments due to the formation of a tridimensional network between the nanoparticles (NPs) and the SG. Also, NH-A and NH-B solutions exhibited bacterial control because of steric hindrances caused by nanoparticle modifications to SG. This prevents extracellular glucanases from recognizing the site of catalysis, limiting free glucose availability and generating cell death due to substrate depletion. This study provides insights into the performance of these nanohybrids and promotes their application in reservoirs with harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén H. Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael Polanyi, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (K.Z.A.); (C.A.F.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Laura M. Corredor
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología—ICP, Ecopetrol S.A., Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia; (L.M.C.); (J.A.N.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Sebastián Llanos
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (S.L.); (I.B.); (A.R.R.B.)
| | | | - Isidro Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (S.L.); (I.B.); (A.R.R.B.)
| | - Jhorman A. Niño
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología—ICP, Ecopetrol S.A., Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia; (L.M.C.); (J.A.N.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Eduardo A. Idrobo
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología—ICP, Ecopetrol S.A., Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia; (L.M.C.); (J.A.N.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Arnold R. Romero Bohórquez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (S.L.); (I.B.); (A.R.R.B.)
| | - Karol Zapata Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael Polanyi, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (K.Z.A.); (C.A.F.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Camilo A. Franco
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael Polanyi, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (K.Z.A.); (C.A.F.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Farid B. Cortés
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael Polanyi, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia; (K.Z.A.); (C.A.F.); (F.B.C.)
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He S, Zhang M, Chen B, Wei X, Su X. Modification of Welan gum with poly(2-oxazoline) to obtain thermoviscosifying polymer for enhanced oil recovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130193. [PMID: 38360243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Thermoviscosifying polymers refer to a category of smart materials that exhibit a responsive behavior to environmental stimuli, specifically demonstrating a natural rise in viscosity of solutions as the temperature increases. The temperature-dependent behavior exhibited by thermally viscous polymers renders them potentially advantageous in the context of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). There exists a dearth of research pertaining to the application of thermoviscosifying polymer for better recovery in reservoirs characterized by high temperatures and high salt content. In order to tackle the mentioned concerns, this study examined the utilization of welan gum modified with poly(2-oxazoline) as thermally responsive chain segments to enhance viscosity. The objective was to evaluate the ability to enhance viscosity under thermal conditions and to assess their effectiveness in displacement of reservoir oil in high temperature and high salt environments. This study aimed to establish a theoretical framework for understanding the correlation between the molecular structure and performance of novel thermally viscous polymers. Additionally, it sought to offer practical insights into designing the molecular structure of thermally viscous polymers suitable for polymer flooding in high temperature and high salt environments. Furthermore, the study proposed the application of these new thermoviscosifying polymers for EOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312369, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oilfield Exploitation, Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC EnerTech-Drilling and Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Xin Su
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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5
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Qin X, Wang Q, Tang P, Yang H, Li C, Yang X, Peng T. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of a Novel Hyperbranched Polymers with Polyacrylamide Side Chains. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1619. [PMID: 38612133 PMCID: PMC11012669 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel hyperbranched polymer with polyacrylamide side chains (HAPAM) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization using acrylic acid, acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, hydrophobic monomer of dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, and the homemade skeleton monomer of modified-M2.0 as raw materials and (NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3 as initiator. The molecular structure, functional groups, and surface morphology of HAPAM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the performance of HAPAM solution was higher than that of ordinary polyacrylamide solution in terms of thickening ability, shearing resistance, thermal endurance, salt-resistance, resistance-coefficient and residual-resistance-coefficient, ability to reduce interfacial tension between polymer solution and crude oil, and oil-displacement-efficiency. In particular, the enhanced oil recovery of the HAPAM solution was 13.03%, and the improvement of shearing resistance and immunity to chromatographic separation were simultaneously achieved by the HAPAM solution. These results indicate that the successful synthesis of the novel HAPAM opens a promising strategy for developing new high-performance oil-displacing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (X.Q.); (Q.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Qianwen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (X.Q.); (Q.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Peng Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (X.Q.); (Q.W.); (C.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Jidong Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Tangshan 063002, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.P.)
| | - Cuixia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; (X.Q.); (Q.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- Jidong Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Tangshan 063002, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.P.)
| | - Tong Peng
- Jidong Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Tangshan 063002, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (T.P.)
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6
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Castor RB, do Nascimento MH, Gorlach-Lira K. Exploring fungal bioemulsifiers: insights into chemical composition, microbial sources, and cross-field applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:127. [PMID: 38451356 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The demand for emulsion-based products is crucial for economic development and societal well-being, spanning diverse industries such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and oil extraction. Formulating these products relies on emulsifiers, a distinct class of surfactants. However, many conventional emulsifiers are derived from petrochemicals or synthetic sources, posing potential environmental and human health risks. In this context, fungal bioemulsifiers emerge as a compelling and sustainable alternative, demonstrating superior performance, enhanced biodegradability, and safety for human consumption. From this perspective, the present work provides the first comprehensive review of fungal bioemulsifiers, categorizing them based on their chemical nature and microbial origin. This includes polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, polymeric glycolipids, and carbohydrate-lipid-protein complexes. Examples of particular interest are scleroglucan, a polysaccharide produced by Sclerotium rolfsii, and mannoproteins present in the cell walls of various yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, this study examines the feasibility of incorporating fungal bioemulsifiers in the food and oil industries and their potential role in bioremediation events for oil-polluted marine environments. Finally, this exploration encourages further research on fungal bioemulsifier bioprospecting, with far-reaching implications for advancing sustainable and eco-friendly practices across various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rádamis Barbosa Castor
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena do Nascimento
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Krystyna Gorlach-Lira
- Molecular Biology Department, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Nsengiyumva EM, Heitz MP, Alexandridis P. Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum physicochemical properties in dilute aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129775. [PMID: 38423913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigate carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG) solution properties in water and NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 aqueous solutions. The Huggins, Kraemer, and Rao models were applied by fitting specific and relative viscosity of CMHPG/water and CMHPG/salt/water to determine the intrinsic viscosity [η]. The Rao models yielded better results (R2 = 0.779-0.999) than Huggins and Kraemer equations. [η] decreased up to 84% in salt solution over the range 0.9-100 mM compared to water. Salt effects screened the CMHPG charged side groups chains leading to a compacted structure. In 0.9 mM NaCl(aq), the hydrodynamic coil radius (Rcoil) was 28% smaller and 45% smaller in 100 mM NaCl solution relative to water. Similar decreases were seen in KCl and CaCl2 solutions. KCl and CaCl2 were more effective than NaCl. CMHPG is salt-tolerant and shows comparatively less viscosity change than native guar gum, with modest reduced viscosity increases with CMHPG dilution at all salt concentrations. The electrostatic interactions were effective up to 100 mM salt. The activation energy of viscous flow for CMHPG solutions was computed and compared to measured xanthan gum and several literature values. These data show that the barrier to CMHPG flow is higher than for xanthan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Nsengiyumva
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The State University of New York (SUNY) Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Mark P Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The State University of New York (SUNY) Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA.
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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Gao X, Huang L, Xiu J, Yi L, Zhao Y. Evaluation of Viscosity Changes and Rheological Properties of Diutan Gum, Xanthan Gum, and Scleroglucan in Extreme Reservoirs. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4338. [PMID: 37960018 PMCID: PMC10648124 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemically synthesized polymer polyacrylamide (HPAM) has achieved excellent oil displacement in conventional reservoirs, but its oil displacement is poor in extreme reservoir environments. To develop a biopolymer oil flooding agent suitable for extreme reservoir conditions, the viscosity changes and rheological properties of three biopolymers, diutan gum, xanthan gum, and scleroglucan, were studied under extreme reservoir conditions (high salt, high temperature, strong acid, and alkali), and the effects of temperature, mineralization, pH, and other factors on their viscosities and long-term stability were analyzed and compared. The results show that the three biopolymers had the best viscosity-increasing ability at temperatures of 90 °C and below. The viscosity of the three biopolymers was 80.94 mPa·s, 11.57 mPa·s, and 59.83 mPa·s, respectively, when the concentration was 1500 mg/L and the salinity 220 g/L. At the shear rate of 250 s-1, 100 °C~140 °C, scleroglucan had the best viscosification. At 140 °C, the solution viscosity was 19.74 mPa·s, and the retention rate could reach 118.27%. The results of the long-term stability study showed that the solution viscosity of scleroglucan with a mineralization level of 220 mg/L was 89.54% viscosity retention in 40 days, and the diutan gum could be stabilized for 10 days, with the viscosity maintained at 90 mPa·s. All three biopolymers were highly acid- and alkali-resistant, with viscosity variations of less than 15% in the pH3~10 range. Rheological tests showed that the unique double-helix structure of diutan gum and the rigid triple-helix structure of scleroglucan caused them to have better viscoelastic properties than xanthan gum. Therefore, these two biopolymers, diutan gum, and scleroglucan, have the potential for extreme reservoir oil displacement applications. It is recommended to use diutan gum for oil displacement in reservoirs up to 90 °C and scleroglucan for oil displacement in reservoirs between 100 °C and 140 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Jianlong Xiu
- Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lina Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yongheng Zhao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
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Gussenov I, Berzhanova RZ, Mukasheva TD, Tatykhanova GS, Imanbayev BA, Sagyndikov MS, Kudaibergenov SE. Exploring Potential of Gellan Gum for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Gels 2023; 9:858. [PMID: 37998948 PMCID: PMC10671067 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive laboratory and field tests have shown that the gelation response of gellan gum to saline water makes it a promising candidate for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The objective of this mini-review is to evaluate the applicability of gellan gum in EOR and compare its efficiency to other precursors, in particular, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). At first, the "sol-gel" phase transitions of gellan gum in aqueous-salt solutions containing mono- and divalent cations are considered. Then the rheological and mechanical properties of gellan in diluted aqueous solutions and gel state are outlined. The main attention is paid to laboratory core flooding and field pilot tests. The plugging behavior of gellan in laboratory conditions due to "sol-gel" phase transition is discussed in the context of conformance control and water shut-off. Due to its higher strength, gellan gum gel provided ~6 times greater resistance to the flow of brine in a 1 mm-width fracture compared to HPAM gel. The field trials carried out in the injection and production wells of the Kumkol oilfield, situated in Kazakhstan, demonstrated that over 6 and 11 months, there was an incremental oil recovery of 3790 and 5890 tons, respectively. To put it into perspective, using 1 kg of dry gellan resulted in the incremental production of 3.52 m3 (or 22 bbls) of oil. The treatment of the production well with 1 wt.% gellan solution resulted in a considerable decrease in the water cut up to 10-20% without affecting the oil flow rate. The advantages and disadvantages of gellan compared to HPAM are analyzed together with the economic feasibility of gellan over HPAM. The potential for establishing gellan production in Kazakhstan is emphasized. It is anticipated that gellan gum, manufactured through fermentation using glucose-fructose syrup from Zharkent and Burunday corn starch plants, could be expanded in the future for applications in both the food industry and oil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskander Gussenov
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, microdistrict “Atyrau 1”, 3/1, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan;
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Satbayev University, Satbayev str. 22a, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Ramza Zh. Berzhanova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.Z.B.)
| | - Togzhan D. Mukasheva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.Z.B.)
| | - Gulnur S. Tatykhanova
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, microdistrict “Atyrau 1”, 3/1, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan;
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Satbayev University, Satbayev str. 22a, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakyt A. Imanbayev
- KMG Engineering LLP, 35 mkr, plot 6/1, Aktau R00P0D6, Kazakhstan; (B.A.I.)
| | | | - Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, microdistrict “Atyrau 1”, 3/1, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan;
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10
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Zeynalli M, Mushtaq M, Al-Shalabi EW, Alfazazi U, Hassan AM, AlAmeri W. A comprehensive review of viscoelastic polymer flooding in sandstone and carbonate rocks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17679. [PMID: 37848683 PMCID: PMC10582192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer flooding is a proven chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) method that boosts oil production beyond waterflooding. Thorough theoretical and practical knowledge has been obtained for this technique through numerous experimental, simulation, and field works. According to the conventional belief, this technique improves macroscopic sweep efficiency due to high polymer viscosity by producing moveable oil that remains unswept after secondary recovery. However, recent studies show that in addition to viscosity, polymer viscoelasticity can be effectively utilized to increase oil recovery by mobilizing residual oil and improving microscopic displacement efficiency in addition to macroscopic sweep efficiency. The polymer flooding is frequently implemented in sandstones with limited application in carbonates. This limitation is associated with extreme reservoir conditions, such as high concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions in the formation brine and ultimate reservoir temperatures. Other complications include the high heterogeneity of tight carbonates and their mixed-to-oil wettability. To overcome the challenges related to severe reservoir conditions, novel polymers have been introduced. These new polymers have unique monomers protecting them from chemical and thermal degradations. Monomers, such as NVP (N-vinylpyrrolidone) and ATBS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), enhance the chemical resistance of polymers against hydrolysis, mitigating the risk of viscosity reduction or precipitation in challenging reservoir conditions. However, the viscoelasticity of these novel polymers and their corresponding impact on microscopic displacement efficiency are not well established and require further investigation in this area. In this study, we comprehensively review recent works on viscoelastic polymer flow under various reservoir conditions, including carbonates and sandstones. In addition, the paper defines various mechanisms underlying incremental oil recovery by viscoelastic polymers and extensively describes the means of controlling and improving their viscoelasticity. Furthermore, the polymer screening studies for harsh reservoir conditions are also included. Finally, the impact of viscoelastic synthetic polymers on oil mobilization, the difficulties faced during this cEOR process, and the list of field applications in carbonates and sandstones can also be found in our work. This paper may serve as a guide for commencing or performing laboratory- and field-scale projects related to viscoelastic polymer flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursal Zeynalli
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Emad W Al-Shalabi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Umar Alfazazi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anas M Hassan
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Waleed AlAmeri
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, SAN Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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11
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Abbaspour A, Jafari A, Tarahomi DS, Mousavi SM, Kharrat R. Production and characterization of a polysaccharide/polyamide blend from Pseudomonas atacamensis M7D1 strain for enhanced oil recovery application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124421. [PMID: 37060969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based polymers have better salt and temperature tolerance than most synthetic polymers. The biopolymer solutions have high viscosity, which can lead to reducing the fingering effect and soaring the oil recovery rate. This work aims to produce and characterize a biopolymer from Pseudomonas Atacamensis M7D1 strain, modify the biopolymer yield using Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) powder as an outer tension in the growth medium, and finally, evaluate the produced biopolymer function for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) purposes. Using PCBs powder to trigger bacteria for higher production yield increases the biopolymer production rate eleven times higher than pure growth medium without additives. Different analyses were performed on the biopolymer to characterize its properties; Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) indicated that the produced biopolymer has an average molecular weight of 3.6 × 105 g/mol. This macromolecule has high thermal resistivity and can tolerate high temperatures. Thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) shows only 69.27 % mass lost from 25 °C to 500 °C. The viscosity of 0.5 wt% biopolymer solution equals 3cp, 3 times higher than water. The glass micromodel flooding result shows that biopolymer solution with 0.5 wt% concentration has a 38 % recovery rate which is 21 % higher than water flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Abbaspour
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Jafari
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Sadat Tarahomi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Modares Environmental Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Riyaz Kharrat
- Department Petroleum Engineering, Montanuniversität, Leoben, Austria
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12
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Zhi J, Liu Y, Chen J, Bo L, Qu G, Jiang N, He W. Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Temperature and Salt Resistant Hydrophobic Associative Weak Polymer Gel System. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073125. [PMID: 37049888 PMCID: PMC10096368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We targeted high-temperature and highly saline old oil fields, whose environmental conditions could be attributed to the significantly high heterogeneity cause by long-term water flooding. The Huabei Oilfield was chosen as the research object. We developed a hydrophobic functional monomer–polymer with temperature and salt resistance by introducing the temperature-resistant and salt-resistant monomer NVP and a hydrophobic functional monomer into the main chain for copolymerization. We used a crosslinking agent with phenolic resin to prepare a weak gel system that showed temperature and salt resistance and investigated its temperature and salt resistance, infective property, plugging performance, liquid flow ability, micropore throat migration, and plugging characteristics. The results obtained using the infrared spectroscopy technique revealed the successful preparation of the phenolic resin crosslinker. The weak gel exhibited good temperature and salt resistance when the polymer concentration was 2000 mg/L, the cohesion ratio was 1:1.5, the additive concentration was 2000 mg/L, the reservoir temperature was 120 °C, and the injected water salinity was 40,300.86 mg/L. The average viscosity retention rate of the 90-day weak gel reached more than 80% and its microstructure was examined. The coreflow experiment results revealed that the weak gel system was characterized by good infectivity. After plugging the weak gel, the effect on the direction of the liquid flow was evident and the flow rate of the low permeability layer increased to a maximum of 48.63% under conditions of varying permeability levels. A significant improvement in the water absorption profile was achieved. The plugging was carried out through a sand-filling pipe under varying permeability conditions and the pressure measuring points in the sand-filling pipe were sucessfully pressurized. The migration ability of the weak gel was good and the blocking rate was >85%.
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13
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Shang Y, Wang J, Doutch J, Li P, Yin Q, Cao X, Feng Y, Yin H. Saturated C22-tailed cationic surfactant in concentrated brine: structural evolution of wormlike micelles and rheological properties. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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14
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Effects of a Novel Lin Seed Polysaccharide on Beef Sausage Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041014. [PMID: 36850297 PMCID: PMC9961226 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional ingredients are substances that offer health benefits beyond their nutritional value. A novel heteropolysaccharide, named Linum water soluble polysaccharide (LWSP) was purified from Linum usitatissimum L. seeds powder and identified, via TLC and NMR, as a polymer composite of α1-2-L-arabinose, β1-2-D-xylose, β1-2-D-mannose and α1-2-D-glucose. The effect of incorporating LWSP on the quality of beef sausages, stuffed into collagen casings after 15 days of storage at 4 °C, was evaluated for texture profile analysis, color, sensory analysis and oxidation attributes. The new sausages formulated with LWSP recorded good textural attributes via reduction of cohesiveness, hardness and chewiness and improved the sensory features, especially texture, color and general acceptability. In addition, substituting ascorbic acid, a synthetic antioxidant, via the biological ingredient LWSP, retarded lipid oxidation and improved the oxymyoglobin rate until 15 days of storage. LWSP was proved to be a good natural substituent to synthetic antioxidants that definitely improves the oxidation stability and quality of sausages.
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15
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Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang Y. Thermal stability of cationic poly(3-methacryloylamino propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) in salt solution. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lupeng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
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16
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Torres‐Martínez JG, Pérez‐Alvarez M, Jiménez‐Regalado EJ, St Thomas C, Alonso‐Martínez F. Behavior study of a thermo‐responsive hydrophobically associative water‐soluble terpolymer in laboratory test with heavy crude oil. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseline G. Torres‐Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización Saltillo México
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas Ciudad de México México
| | - Marissa Pérez‐Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización Saltillo México
| | | | - Claude St Thomas
- CONACYT‐CIQA, Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización Saltillo México
| | - Fernando Alonso‐Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas Ciudad de México México
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17
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Huang H, Lin J, Wang W, Li S. Biopolymers Produced by Sphingomonas Strains and Their Potential Applications in Petroleum Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1920. [PMID: 35567089 PMCID: PMC9104527 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Sphingomonas was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique ability to degrade environmental pollutants. Some Sphingomonas species can secrete high-molecular-weight extracellular polymers called sphingans, most of which are acidic heteropolysaccharides. Typical sphingans include welan gum, gellan gum, and diutan gum. Most sphingans have a typical, conserved main chain structure, and differences of side chain groups lead to different rheological characteristics, such as shear thinning, temperature or salt resistance, and viscoelasticity. In petroleum production applications, sphingans, and their structurally modified derivatives can replace partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, while also being able to replace guar gum as a fracturing fluid thickener. This paper focuses on the applications of sphingans and their derivatives in EOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangpu Campus, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Junzhang Lin
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Weidong Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangpu Campus, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
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18
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Syneresis Behavior of Polymer Gels Aged in Different Brines from Gelants. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030166. [PMID: 35323279 PMCID: PMC8953945 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gel syneresis is a common problem in gel treatment for oil recovery applications. In this study, a stable gel was prepared in a soft brine by using a water-soluble phenolic resin as a crosslinker, nanoparticles as a stabilizer, and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) or copolymers with different contents of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) groups as polymers. The syneresis behavior of the gels formed in a soft brine was evaluated upon aging in hard brines. The results show that when the salinity of the hard brine is lower than 30,000 mg/L, the gel expands, and its strength decreases; when the salinity of the hard brine is higher than 50,000 mg/L, the gel exhibits syneresis, and its strength increases. The effects of various influencing factors on the gel syneresis behavior were also evaluated. It was found that optimizing the polymer structure and adding nanoparticles can effectively overcome gel syneresis and enhance gel stability. Based on the research described in this paper, some proposals for designing salt-resistant polymer gels are presented.
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19
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Rishi L, Mandal MM. Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Polyaniline‐ Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ‐ Sodium Hydroxide Flooding. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lomas Rishi
- University School of Chemical Technology GGSIPU Dwarka Sector 16 C New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Monisha Mridha Mandal
- University School of Chemical Technology GGSIPU Dwarka Sector 16 C New Delhi 110078 India
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20
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Chen Q, Ye Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Lai N. Study on the biodegradability of a chitosan‐modified hyperbranched polymer for enhanced oil recovery. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zhongbin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Nanjun Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Sichuan China
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21
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Bai Y, Wang F, Shang X, Lv K, Dong C. Microstructure, dispersion, and flooding characteristics of intercalated polymer for enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Maghsoudian A, Tamsilian Y, Kord S, Soltani Soulgani B, Esfandiarian A, Shajirat M. Styrene intermolecular associating incorporated-polyacrylamide flooding of crude oil in carbonate coated micromodel system at high temperature, high salinity condition: Rheology, wettability alteration, recovery mechanisms. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Akshay Kumar KP, Zare EN, Torres-Mendieta R, Wacławek S, Makvandi P, Černík M, Padil VVT, Varma RS. Electrospun fibers based on botanical, seaweed, microbial, and animal sourced biomacromolecules and their multidimensional applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:130-149. [PMID: 33412195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes and broadly classifies all of the major sustainable natural carbohydrate bio-macromolecular manifestations in nature - from botanical (cellulose, starch, and pectin), seaweed (alginate, carrageenan, and agar), microbial (bacterial cellulose, dextran, and pullulan), and animal (hyaluronan, heparin, chitin, and chitosan) sources - that have been contrived into electrospun fibers. Furthermore, a relative study of these biomaterials for the fabrication of nanofibers by electrospinning and their characteristics viz. solution behavior, blending nature, as well as rheological and fiber attributes are discussed. The potential multidimensional applications of nanofibers (filtration, antimicrobial, biosensor, gas sensor, energy storage, catalytic, and tissue engineering) originating from these polysaccharides and their major impacts on the properties, functionalities, and uses of these electrospun fibers are compared and critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Akshay Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), India
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Mendieta
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic..
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24
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Polymers for EOR Application in High Temperature and High Viscosity Oils: Rock–Fluid Behavior. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13225944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity losses and high degradation factors have a drastic impact over hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) currently injected, impacting the oil recovery negatively. Previous studies have demonstrated that biopolymers are promising candidates in EOR applications due to high thermochemical stability in harsh environments. However, the dynamic behavior of a biopolymer as scleroglucan through sandstone under specific conditions for a heavy oil field with low salinity and high temperature has not yet been reported. This work presents the rock–fluid evaluation of the scleroglucan (SG at 935 mgL−1) and sulfonated polyacrylamide (ATBS at 2500 mgL−1) to enhance oil recovery in high-temperature for heavy oils (212 °F and total dissolved solid of 3800 mgL−1) in synthetic (0.5 Darcy) and representative rock samples (from 2 to 5 Darcy) for a study case of a Colombian heavy oilfield. Dynamic evaluation at reservoir conditions presents a scenario with stable injectivity after 53.6 PV with a minimal pressure differential (less than 20 psi), inaccessible porous volume (IPV) of 18%, dynamic adsorption of 49 µg/g, and resistance and residual resistance factors of 6.17 and 2.84, respectively. In addition, higher oil displacement efficiency (up to 10%) was obtained with lower concentration (2.7 times) compared to a sulfonated polyacrylamide polymer.
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25
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Kumar RS, Narukulla R, Sharma T. Comparative Effectiveness of Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Nanofluid of SiO 2–TiO 2 Nanocomposites for Oil Field Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar Kumar
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Ramesh Narukulla
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Tushar Sharma
- Enhanced Oil Recovery Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
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26
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Synthesis of linear and branched hydrophobically associating multiblock copolymers via a one-pot process. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Polymer flooding is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique; sweeping a reservoir with a dilute polymer solution can significantly improve the overall oil recovery. In this overview, polymeric materials for enhanced oil recovery are described in general terms, with specific emphasis on desirable characteristics for the application. Application-specific properties should be considered when selecting or developing polymers for enhanced oil recovery and should be carefully evaluated. Characterization techniques should be informed by current best practices; several are described herein. Evaluation of fundamental polymer properties (including polymer composition, microstructure, and molecular weight averages); resistance to shear/thermal/chemical degradation; and salinity/hardness compatibility are discussed. Finally, evaluation techniques to establish the polymer flooding performance of candidate EOR materials are described.
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28
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Manzoor AA. Modeling and Simulation of Polymer Flooding with Time-Varying Injection Pressure. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5258-5269. [PMID: 32201815 PMCID: PMC7081442 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flooding is one of the most incipient chemical-based enhanced oil recovery process that utilizes the injection of polymer solutions into oil reservoirs. The presence of a polymer in water increases the viscosity of the injected fluid, which upon injection reduces the water-to-oil mobility ratio and the permeability of the porous media, thereby improving oil recovery. The objective of this work is to investigate strategies that would help increase oil recovery. For that purpose, we have studied the effect of injection pressure and increasing polymer concentration on flooding performance. This work emphasizes on the development of a detailed mathematical model describing fluid saturations, pressure, and polymer concentration during the injection experiments and predicts oil recovery. The mathematical model developed for simulations is a black oil model consisting of a two-phase flow (aqueous and oleic) of polymeric solutions in one-dimensional porous media as a function of time and z-coordinate. The mathematical model consisting of heterogeneous, nonlinear, and simultaneous partial differential equations efficiently describes the physical process and consists of various parameters and variables that are involved in our lab-scale process to quantify and analyze them. A dimensionless numerical solution is achieved using the finite difference method. We implement the second-order high-accuracy central and backward finite-divided-difference formula along the z-direction that results in the discretization of the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations with time as an independent variable. The input parameters such as porosity, permeability, saturation, and pore volume obtained from experimental data by polymer flooding are used in the simulation of the developed mathematical model. The model-predicted and commercial reservoir (CMG)-simulated oil production is in good agreement with experimental oil recoveries with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) in the range of 1.5-2.5 at a maximum constant pressure of 3.44 MPa as well as with temporal variation of the injection pressure between 2.41 and 3.44 MPa.
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29
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Aqueous/brine solutions viscosity and surface properties of hydrophobically modified scleroglucans: Role of grafted chain length. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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