1
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Quinsaat JEQ, Feghali E, van de Pas DJ, Vendamme R, Torr KM. Preparation of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane/Epoxy Thermoset Materials Using Depolymerized Native Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4562-4573. [PMID: 36224101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. However, the toxic nature of isocyanates used in their formulation is a major concern; hence, more environmentally friendly alternatives are of high interest in the search for new sustainable polymer materials. In this work, we present the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy hybrid thermosets with a high biobased content (85-90 wt %). The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). The LHO was functionalized with epichlorohydrin to yield the epoxidized structure (LHO-GE), which was in turn reacted with CO2 to form the cyclocarbonated species (LHO-CC). Blends of the LHO-CC and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE) were cured to produce hybrid PHU/epoxy (LHO-CC/GDGE) thermosets. Thermosetting materials with flexural moduli of 4.5 GPa and flexural strengths of 160 MPa were produced by optimizing the mass ratio of the two main components and the triamine hardener. These novel biobased hybrid materials outperformed the corresponding epoxy-only thermosets and comparable hybrid PHU/epoxy materials produced from petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand.,Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh1211, Lebanon.,Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium.,Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Kirk M Torr
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand
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2
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Lyubimov SE, Cherkasova PV, Chowdhury B. The use of triethanolamine ammonium salts as catalysts for the addition of carbon dioxide to epoxides. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Liu W, Hang G, Mei H, Li L, Zheng S. Nanocomposites of Polyhydroxyurethane with POSS Microdomains: Synthesis via Non-Isocyanate Approach, Morphologies and Reprocessing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1331. [PMID: 35406205 PMCID: PMC9002781 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a novel trifunctional POSS cyclic carbonate [POSS-3(5CC)]. With a difunctional five-member cyclic carbonate and a trifunctional polyetheramine as the precursor, the nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) with POSS were synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanocomposites of PHUs with POSS were microphase-separated; the spherical POSS microdomains via POSS-POSS interactions were generated with the size of 20~40 nm in diameter. After the introduction of POSS microdomains, the nanocomposites displayed improved thermal and mechanical properties. More importantly, the nanocomposites still displayed the reprocessing properties of vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.L.); (G.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.L.); (G.H.); (H.M.)
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4
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Gomez-Lopez A, Ayensa N, Grignard B, Irusta L, Calvo I, Müller AJ, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Enhanced and Reusable Poly(hydroxy urethane)-Based Low Temperature Hot-Melt Adhesives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:194-207. [PMID: 35698472 PMCID: PMC9185748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Poly(hydroxy urethane)s
(PHUs) based on 5-membered cyclic carbonates
have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional isocyanate-based
polyurethanes. However, while from the point of view of sustainability
they represent an improvement, their properties are still not competitive
with conventional polyurethanes. In this work, the potential of PHUs
as reversible hot-melt adhesives is discussed. We found that with
a judicious choice of reagents (i.e., the dicyclic carbonate and diamine),
the detrimental hydrogen bonding between the soft segment of the chains
and the pendant hydroxyl groups was partially avoided, thus imparting
PHUs with hot-melt adhesion properties (i.e., adhesion at elevated
temperatures and cohesiveness at a temperature lower than Tg/Tm). The importance
of a balanced hard to soft segment ratio, along with the relevance
of the chain extender in the final properties, is highlighted. Addition
of aliphatic diamines (HMDA, 1,12-DAD) resulted in rubbery materials,
while the employment of cycloaliphatic (CBMA) or aromatic ones (MXDA,
PXDA) led to materials with hot-melt adhesive properties. The thermoreversibility
of all compositions was assessed by rebonding specimens after lap-shear
tests. Lap-shear strength values that were comparable to the virgin
adhesives were observed. The breaking and reformation of hydrogen
bonding interactions was demonstrated by FTIR measurements at different
temperatures, as well as by rheological frequency sweep experiments.
In order to mitigate the negative impact of the low molar mass PHUs
and to enhance the service temperature of the adhesives, a hybrid
PHU was prepared by adding a small amount of an epoxy resin, which
acts as a cross-linker. These hybrid PHUs maintain the thermoreversibility
displayed by thermoplastic PHUs while providing better adhesion at
elevated temperatures. We believe that this work provides some important
insights into the design of PHU-based hot-melt adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Naroa Ayensa
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Nanda S, Patra BR, Patel R, Bakos J, Dalai AK. Innovations in applications and prospects of bioplastics and biopolymers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:379-395. [PMID: 34867134 PMCID: PMC8629338 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-biodegradable plastics are continually amassing landfills and oceans worldwide while creating severe environmental issues and hazards to animal and human health. Plastic pollution has resulted in the death of millions of seabirds and aquatic animals. The worldwide production of plastics in 2020 has increased by 36% since 2010. This has generated significant interest in bioplastics to supplement global plastic demands. Bioplastics have several advantages over conventional plastics in terms of biodegradability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, versatility, unique mechanical and thermal characteristics, and societal acceptance. Bioplastics have huge potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in a wide range of industries from automobiles to biomedical applications. Here we review bioplastic polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polyamide 11, and polyhydroxyurethanes; and cellulose-based, starch-based, protein-based and lipid-based biopolymers. We discuss economic benefits, market scenarios, chemistry and applications of bioplastic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonil Nanda
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Biswa R. Patra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Jamie Bakos
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
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6
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Synthesis of carborane-containing carbonates via CO2 addition to epoxides. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Amine-Iodine Adducts as Simple but Effective Catalysts for the Synthesis of Organic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO2. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-021-09341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Gomez-Lopez A, Panchireddy S, Grignard B, Calvo I, Jerome C, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:9541-9562. [PMID: 35692866 PMCID: PMC9173693 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives and coatings are widely used to fabricate high-quality materials due to their excellent properties and their versatile nature, which stems from the wide range of commercially available polyisocyanate and polyol precursors. This polymer family has traditionally been used in a wide range of adhesive applications including the bonding of footwear soles, bonding of wood (flooring) to concrete (subflooring), in the automotive industry for adhering different car parts, and in rotor blades, in which large surfaces are required to be adhered. Moreover, PUs are also frequently applied as coatings/paints for automotive finishes and can be applied over a wide range of substrates such as wood, metal, plastic, and textiles. One of the major drawbacks of this polymer family lies in the use of toxic isocyanate-based starting materials. In the context of the REACH regulation, which places restrictions on the use of substances containing free isocyanates, it is now urgent to find greener routes to PUs. While non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on the polyaddition of poly(cyclic carbonate)s to polyamines have emerged in the past decade as greener alternatives to conventional PUs, their industrial implementation is at an early stage of development. In this review article, recent advances in the application of NIPUs in the field of adhesives and coatings are summarized. The article also draws attention to the opportunities and challenges of implementing NIPUs at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Satyannarayana Panchireddy
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Inigo Calvo
- ORIBAY
Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christine Jerome
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- E-mail: . Tel.: +3243663465
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- E-mail: . Tel.: +34943015303
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9
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Iodine as an efficient and available activator of sodium and potassium halides in carbon dioxide addition to epoxides. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane with nanocrystalline cellulose: Synthesis, thermomechanical and reprocessing properties. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Błażek K, Beneš H, Walterová Z, Abbrent S, Eceiza A, Calvo-Correas T, Datta J. Synthesis and structural characterization of bio-based bis(cyclic carbonate)s for the preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Full chemical structure characterization of cyclic carbonates from diepoxides synthesized using sustainable bio-based polyols with different molecular weights and carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Błażek
- Gdansk University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Polymers Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walterová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Abbrent
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- CAS
- Praque 162 06
- Czech Republic
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Materials+Technologies’ Research Group (GMT)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20018
| | - Tamara Calvo-Correas
- Materials+Technologies’ Research Group (GMT)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country
- Donostia-San Sebastian 20018
| | - Janusz Datta
- Gdansk University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Polymers Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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12
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Li L, Ge W, Zhao B, Adeel M, Mei H, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane thermosets from novolac epoxide: Synthesis and its nanostructured blends with poly(trifluoroethylacrylate)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Lyubimov SE, Zvinchuk AA, Tyutyunov AA, Pestrikova AA, Chowdhury B, Davankov VA. Synthesis of organic cyclic carbonates assisted by macroporous polystyrene-based catalyst. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Ghasemlou M, Daver F, Ivanova EP, Brkljaca R, Adhikari B. Assessment of interfacial interactions between starch and non-isocyanate polyurethanes in their hybrids. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116656. [PMID: 32747288 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing of multifunctional materials through blending is a promising route for improving performance of biopolymers including starch. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are an emerging group of green materials. Understanding the mechanism of interaction between starch and NIPU not only highlights underlying chemistry but also offers an opportunity to tailor the properties and functions of starch-NIPU hybrids. We investigated the interfacial interactions between starch and NIPU to pave the way towards development of high-performance green materials. Multiple analyses revealed that NIPU interacted effectively with starch chains via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We showed that NIPU domains can efficiently interact with the small portion of starch skeleton at interfacial region and they are only moderately miscible. Incorporation of either component above certain ratio resulted in a phase separation. This work contributes towards understanding of interfacial chemistry between starch and NIPUs and enables tailoring the interface for facile engineering of starch-NIPU hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Robert Brkljaca
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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15
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Hydroxy-containing ionic liquids as catalysts in the synthesis of organic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Lyubimov SE, Zvinchuk AA, Davankov VA, Chowdhury B, Arzumanyan AV, Muzafarov AM. The use of a diammonium salt in the synthesis of organic carbonates from epoxides and CO2: promoting effect of support. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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