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Hu Z, Chin Y, Yuan C, Ge Y, Hang Y, Wang D, Yao Q, Hu Y. The luxS deletion reduces the spoilage ability of Shewanella putrefaciens: An analysis focusing on quorum sensing and activated methyl cycle. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104467. [PMID: 38431319 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The luxS mutant strains of Shewanella putrefaciens (SHP) were constructed to investigate the regulations of gene luxS in spoilage ability. The potential regulations of AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system and activated methyl cycle (AMC) were studied by analyzing the supplementation roles of key circulating substances mediated via luxS, including S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), methionine (Met), homocysteine (Hcy) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD). Growth experiments revealed that the luxS deletion led to certain growth limitations of SHP, which were associated with culture medium and exogenous additives. Meanwhile, the decreased biofilm formation and diminished hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production capacity of SHP were observed after luxS deletion. The relatively lower total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) contents and higher sensory scores of fish homogenate with luxS mutant strain inoculation also indicated the weaker spoilage-inducing effects after luxS deletion. However, these deficiencies could be offset with the exogenous supply of circulating substances mentioned above. Our findings suggested that the luxS deletion would reduce the spoilage ability of SHP, which was potentially attributed to the disorder of AMC and AI-2 QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ueda 3-8-18, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yaoxian Chin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Chunhong Yuan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-8-18, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3-8-18, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yingliang Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yuyu Hang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Sanya 572022, China.
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Sun J, Nie L, Xie W, Zheng X, Zhou WW. Potentiation effect of the AI-2 signaling molecule on postharvest disease control of pear and loquat by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its mechanism. Food Chem 2024; 441:138373. [PMID: 38219365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
An autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling molecule from Bacillus was synthesized, and its mechanism on the biofilm formation and biocontrol ability of B. amyloliquefaciens was verified in vitro and in vivo. The 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the effect of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 with or without AI-2 on the microflora of pears during storage. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens B4 secreted AI-2, which promoted biofilm formation. Additionally, AI-2 at a concentration of 40 μmol/L enhanced the biocontrol ability of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 on postharvest pear and loquat fruits. Finally, amplicon sequencing demonstrated that the addition of AI-2 increased the abundance of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 in fruit by stimulating the growth and biofilm formation of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Sun
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Nie
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyue Xie
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Li J, Chen X, Xie Z, Liang L, Li A, Zhao C, Wen Y, Lou Z. Screening and Metabolomic Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Antagonizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foods 2023; 12:2799. [PMID: 37509891 PMCID: PMC10379379 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a conditional Gram-negative pathogen that produces extracellular virulence factors that can lead to bloodstream invasion, severely harm tissues, and disseminate bacteria, ultimately leading to various diseases. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with strong antagonistic ability against P. aeruginosa were screened, and the regulatory mechanism of LAB against P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The results showed that the three selected LAB strains had strong inhibition ability on the growth, biofilm formation, and pyocyanin expression of P. aeruginosa and a promoting effect on the expression of autoinducer-2. Among them, Lactipantibacillus plantarum (Lp. plantarum) LPyang is capable of affecting the metabolic processes of P. aeruginosa by influencing metabolic substances, such as LysoPC, oxidized glutathione, betaine, etc. These results indicate that LPyang reduces the infectivity of P. aeruginosa through inhibition of its growth, biofilm formation, pyocyanin expression, and regulation of its metabolome. This study provides new insights into the antagonistic activity of Lp. plantarum LPyang against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanyue College of Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Ziyan Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanyue College of Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Anping Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Shi Q, Wen H, Xu Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li Y, Meng Q, Yu F, Xiao J, Li X. Virtual screening-based discovery of AI-2 quorum sensing inhibitors that interact with an allosteric hydrophobic site of LsrK and their functional evaluation. Front Chem 2023; 11:1185224. [PMID: 37292175 PMCID: PMC10244669 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1185224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial intracellular and intercellular communication system that regulates virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and antibiotic sensitivity. Quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are a novel class of antibiotics that can effectively combat antibiotic resistance. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a universal signaling molecule that mediates inter- and intraspecies QS systems among different bacteria. Furthermore, LsrK plays an important role in regulating the activity and stability of the intracellular AI-2 signaling pathway. Thus, LsrK is considered an important target for the development of QSIs. Methods: We designed a workflow integrating molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, virtual screening, LsrK inhibition assays, cell-based AI-2-mediated QS interference assays, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based protein affinity assays to screen for potential LsrK kinase inhibitors. Results: MD simulation results of the LsrK/ATP complex revealed hydrogen bonds and salt bridge formation among four key residues, namely, Lys 431, Tyr 341, Arg 319, and Arg 322, which are critical for the binding of ATP to LsrK. Furthermore, MD simulation results indicated that the ATP-binding site has an allosteric pocket that can become larger and be occupied by small molecule compounds. Based on these MD simulation results, a constraint of forming at least one hydrogen bond with Arg 319, Arg 322, Lys 431, or Tyr 341 residues was introduced when performing virtual screening using Glide's virtual screening workflow (VSW). In the meantime, compounds with hydrophobic group likely to interact with the allosteric hydrophobic pocket are preferred when performing visual inspection. Seventy-four compounds were selected for the wet laboratory assays based on virtual screening and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of these compounds. LsrK inhibition assays revealed 12 compounds inhibiting LsrK by more than 60% at a 200 μM concentration; four of these (Y205-6768, D135-0149, 3284-1358, and N025-0038) had IC50 values below 50 μM and were confirmed as ATP-competitive inhibitors. Six of these 12 LsrK inhibitors exhibited high AI-2 QS inhibition, of which, Y205-6768 had the highest activity with IC50 = 11.28 ± 0.70 μM. The SPR assay verified that compounds Y205-6768 and N025-0038 specifically bound to LsrK. MD simulation analysis of the docking complexes of the four active compounds with LsrK further confirmed the importance of forming hydrogen bonds and salt bridges with key basic amino acid residues including Lys 431, Tyr 341, Arg 319, and Arg 322 and filling the allosteric hydrophobic pocket next to the purine-binding site of LsrK. Discussion: Our study clarified for the first time that there is an allosteric site near the ATP-binding site of Lsrk and that it enriches the structure-activity relationship information of Lsrk inhibitors. The four identified compounds showed novel structures, low molecular weights, high activities, and novel LsrK binding modes, rendering them suitable for further optimization for effective AI-2 QSIs. Our work provides a valuable reference for the discovery of QSIs that do not inhibit bacterial growth, thereby avoiding the emergence of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Strategic Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Strategic Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Qionglai Medical Center Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Li
- The No 968 Hospital of PLA, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Strategic Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Strategic Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhou Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Strategic Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum 332 on physicochemical characteristics, volatile flavor components, and Quorum sensing in fermented sausage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3942. [PMID: 36894700 PMCID: PMC9998864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum 332 on quality characteristics in fermented sausage were explored in terms of physicochemical characteristics, volatile flavor components, and Quorum sensing (QS). The results showed that the pH of fermented sausage decreased from 5.20 to 4.54 within 24 h with the inoculation of L. fermentum 332. Lightness and redness were significantly improved, and hardness and chewiness were significantly increased after the addition of L. fermentum 332. With the inoculation of L. fermentum 332, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content decreased from 0.26 to 0.19 mg/100 g and total volatile basic nitrogen content decreased from 2.16 to 1.61 mg/100 g. In total, 95 and 104 types of volatile flavor components were detected in the control and fermented sausage inoculated with starter culture, respectively. The AI-2 activity of fermented sausage inoculated with L. fermentum 332 was significantly higher than that of the control and positively correlated with viable count and quality characteristics. These results provide support for further research on the effect of microorganisms on the quality of fermented food.
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Meng F, Lyu Y, Zhao H, Lyu F, Bie X, Lu Y, Zhao M, Chen Y, Lu Z. LsrR-like protein responds to stress tolerance by regulating polysaccharide biosynthesis in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1193-1203. [PMID: 36436601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their biological functions, polysaccharides assist Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in resisting harsh conditions. To enhance the polysaccharide biosynthesis and increase the survival of L. plantarum in gut environment. We analyzed the transcriptional regulators that regulated the polysaccharide biosynthesis. A new transcriptional inhibitor, LsrR (UniProtKB: Q88YH7), had been identified, which repressed polysaccharide synthesis by binding to the polysaccharide synthesis promoter cps4A-J (Pcps4A-J). The EPSs and CPSs production of L. plantarum 163 was reduced by 42 % and 36 % (p < 0.05), respectively, when lsrR was overexpressed. Furthermore, alkaline shock proteins Asp2 and Asp1, heat shock protein Hsp3, and an autoinducer-2 (AI-2) related quorum-sensing regulator Rrp6 recovered the synthesis of polysaccharides to 50, 33, 55, and 60 %, respectively, by inhibiting the LsrR activity. This suggested that LsrR regulates polysaccharide synthesis in response to external stress signals such as pH, temperature, and AI-2 concentration. Finally, we showed that polysaccharides increased the survival rate of L. plantarum (Lp163-ΔlsrR) by 2.1 times during lyophilization and enhanced its tolerance to pH 2.0 and 0.2 % bile salts by 15.3 and 60 times due to increased capsular thickness and enhanced the autoaggregation. We provide critical data regarding Lactobacillus survival during preservative lyophilization and under gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 3 Wenyuan Road, Xianlin University Town, Nanjing 21003, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Huang R, Chen Y, Ma C, Chai Y, Jia S, Zhang F. Potential factors causing failure of whole plant nettle ( Urtica cannabina) silages. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113050. [PMID: 36713207 PMCID: PMC9876617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nettle is kind of new feed resources and benefit for animal production. However, a few studies observed that quality of nettle silage was poor under naturally fermentation. Consider of microbial activity was the mainly factors for fermentation characteristics of silage. Methods Thus, the present study investigated the potential factors causing nettle silage failure through metabolome and bacterial community composition analyses during ensiling. Results During ensiling, the pH was >6.22, and water-soluble carbohydrate and organic acid contents stabilized after 7 d. At the genus level, Enterococcus, Weissella, and Pediococcus were the dominant bacteria (relative abundance were 30.06-39.39, 17.29-23.34, and 3.13-7.22%, respectively), with stable trends, whereas Lactococcus and Enterobacter relative abundance decreased significantly over time (relative abundance were 5.68-13.96 and 3.86-24.1%, respectively). Lactobacillus relative abundance was <1% during the entire ensiling period, and malic acid metabolic pathway was the most important pathway. Enterococcus, Pediococcus, and Weissella were negatively correlated with malic acid, with Lactobacillus displaying an opposite trend. Discussion The results suggested that Lactobacillus activity was the lowest among lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during ensiling, which is the main reason for nettle ensiling failure, and attributable to a low capacity to compete for fermentation substrates such as malic acid against other LAB during ensiling. Additionally, anti-bacteria activity of nettle probably inhibited Enterobacter activity during ensiling. Present study probably given a solution for improve nettle silage quality through addition with malic acid.
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New perspectives for mechanisms, ingredients, and their preparation for promoting the formation of beneficial bacterial biofilm. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bacteria in human lumbar discs - subclinical infection or contamination? Metabolomic evidence for colonization, multiplication, and cell-cell cross-talk of bacteria. Spine J 2023; 23:163-177. [PMID: 35569807 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The accumulating evidence associating sub-clinical infection with disc degeneration (DD) and the controversy of contamination versus infection mandates a further understanding of the microbial activity in the disc and host-microbiome interaction. PURPOSE To utilize a novel approach of metabolomics to probe the presence of bacterial metabolites involved in colonization, survival, and replication in human lumbar intervertebral discs (LIVD). STUDY DESIGN An observational case-control study. PATIENT SAMPLE Nucleus pulposus from the LIVD of three brain-dead voluntary organ donors (MRI normal and classified as controls) and of three patients undergoing surgery for disc degeneration (DD) (cases) were utilized. METHODS Untargeted metabolite profiling was carried out in six discs (3-controls and 3-cases) after extraction using methanol: acetonitrile: water (2:2:1) solvent system and acquired through HPLC-MS/MS platform using C18 reversed-phase column. From the total IVD metabolome, microbial metabolites were filtered by mapping against HMDB, ChEBI, SigMol, Siderophore database, ecdmb database, and PaMet databases. The biological functions of the metabolites were then studied by MSEA pipeline from Metaboanalyst, and the enrichment ratio, p-value, and Variably Importance Projection scores of the metabolites were calculated. Degeneration responsive changes in the abundance of the microbial metabolites were calculated based on the peak intensities between the control and cases. RESULTS Mass spectrometry identified a total of 17601 and 15003 metabolites, respectively, in the control and degenerated discs. Preliminary mapping of the above metabolites against HMDB indicated the multiple sources, and of these, 64 metabolites were of microbial origin, accounting for 1.6% of the total IVD metabolome. Principle Component Analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) showed distinct clustered patterns between control and disc degene`ration, indicating a strong variation in concentration, peak, and spectral values of the 64 metabolites between controls and cases. After the exclusion of metabolites that were also associated with humans, drugs, and food, 39 metabolites specific to bacteria were isolated. Nine were primary metabolites related to bacterial growth and survival, and the remaining 30 were secondary metabolites related to different environmental stress response activities. The three significant pathways (p<.001) which were predominant in the bacterial metabolites were autoinducer-2 biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and chorismate pathway. In addition, a significant fold change of >1.0 was found for nine metabolites which included (S)-14-Methyilhexadecanoic acid related to P. acnes, 9-OxoODE, and 13-OxoODE related to gut flora, vibriobactin - a siderophore, tuberculosinol and iso-tuberculosinol, virulence factors of M. tuberculosis. There was also upregulation of Autoinducer- 2, an important "Quorum sensing molecule" involved in bacterial cross-talk. CONCLUSION We identified several bacterial-specific metabolites participating in bacterial growth, survival, and cross-talk pathways. These were found in both groups but up-regulated in degenerated discs. The presence of Quorum sensing molecules and cell-cell interactions provides firm proof of colonization and growth. These findings indicate that the bacterial presence may not be mere contamination but could be colonization with a possible role in infection-mediated inflammation in DD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Proof of subclinical infection as an initiator of DD and documentation of exact germ and drug sensitivity will change the way millions of patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) are treated across the world.
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Zhang X, Liu B, Ding X, Bin P, Yang Y, Zhu G. Regulatory Mechanisms between Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Salmonella. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2211. [PMID: 36363803 PMCID: PMC9693372 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that causes enterogastritis among humans, livestock and poultry, and it not only causes huge economic losses for the feed industry but also endangers public health around the world. However, the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection has remained poorly developed because of its antibiotic resistance. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism involving multiple cellular processes, especially bacterial virulence, such as biofilm formation, motility, adherence, and invasion. Therefore, blocking the QS system may be a new strategy for Salmonella infection independent of antibiotic treatment. Here, we have reviewed the central role of the QS system in virulence regulation of Salmonella and summarized the most recent advances about quorum quenching (QQ) in virulence attenuation during Salmonella infection. Unraveling the complex relationship between QS and bacterial virulence may provide new insight into the therapy of pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baobao Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Gu Y, Tian J, Zhang Y, Wu J, He Y. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell-free supernatant on the physiology, quorum sensing, and protein synthesis of lactic acid bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Quorum quenching of autoinducer 2 increases methane production in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4763-4774. [PMID: 35715650 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous signaling molecule autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is involved in intra- and interspecies communication, most notably between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AI-2 accumulates during the exponential phase of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) monoculture and then rapidly decreases upon entry into the stationary phase. However, deleting both the genes encoding AI-2 synthase (LuxS) and the lsr operon regulator (LsrR) in the E. coli genome causes impaired AI-2 production and continuous AI-2 scavenging from the environment. This genetically-engineered E. coli mutant capable of quenching AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system was utilized to evaluate the effect of AI-2 quenching on the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) because the role of QS system via AI-2 in the process remains obscure. In this study, E. coli ∆luxS lsrR mutant cells were microencapsulated in sodium alginate beads and incubated with WAS anaerobically. After 15 days of anaerobic fermentation, the WAS containing double mutant cells produced significantly more methane than that of the parent E. coli cells. AI-2 quenching occurred concurrently with a shift of microbial communities that contribute to increasing acetate consumption by the Methanosarcina spp. resulting in an increase in methane production. KEY POINTS: • Impact of autoinducer 2 quenching in complex bacterial populations were determined. • Key microorganisms contributing to the increase of methane in WAS anaerobic digestion were found. • The AI-2 quenching is a potential regulatory in wastewater treatment and bioenergy research.
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Meng F, Zhao M, Lu Z. The LuxS/AI-2 system regulates the probiotic activities of lactic acid bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Meng F, Zhang F, Chen Q, Yang M, Yang Y, Li X, Gu W, Yu J. Virtual screening and in vitro experimental verification of LuxS inhibitors from natural products for Lactobacillus reuteri. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112521. [PMID: 35149360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation and colonization of probiotics in the intestines are essential for human health. Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism among bacteria, which can regulate various bacterial crowd behavior. This study aimed to enhance the viability of Lactobacillus reuteri 1-12 by regulating QS. Herein, we built a database containing 72 natural products (previously reported) that can improve intestinal flora. Virtual screening (VS) was subsequently conducted to screen four potential active compounds. After that, molecular docking was conducted to analyze the binding mode of the four natural products to S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS). The results showed that norathyriol, mangiferin, baicalein, and kaempferol had good binding ability to LuxS. The validation experiment showed that norathyriol, mangiferin, baicalein, and kaempferol could inhibit the production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Moreover, mangiferin significantly increased L. reuteri 1-12 biomass and promoted L. reuteri 1-12 biofilm formation and structure. Besides, only mangiferin inhibited luxS expression, thus increasing L. reuteri 1-12 biomass. This research indicated that mangiferin may be a potential inhibitor of LuxS, promoting the probiotic properties of L. reuteri and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Meng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuding Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Kunming Third People's Hospital, 319 Wujing Road, Guandu District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Qian Y, Li Y, Xu T, Zhao H, Zeng M, Liu Z. Dissecting of the AI-2/LuxS Mediated Growth Characteristics and Bacteriostatic Ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SS-128 by Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050638. [PMID: 35267271 PMCID: PMC8909743 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could regulate certain physiological functions through the AI-2/LuxS-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system. To explore the regulation mechanism on the growth characteristics and bacteriostatic ability of L. plantarum SS-128, a luxS mutant was constructed by a two-step homologous recombination. Compared with ΔluxS/SS-128, the metabolites of SS-128 had stronger bacteriostatic ability. The combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics data showed that SS-128 exhibited higher pyruvate metabolic efficiency and energy input, followed by higher LDH level and metabolite overflow compared to ΔluxS/SS-128, resulting in stronger bacteriostatic ability. The absence of luxS induces a regulatory pathway that burdens the cysteine cycle by quantitatively drawing off central metabolic intermediaries. To accommodate this mutations, ΔluxS/SS-128 exhibited lower metabolite overflow and abnormal proliferation. These results demonstrate that the growth characteristic and metabolism of L. plantarum SS-128 are mediated by the AI-2/LuxS QS system, which is a positive regulator involved in food safety. It would be helpful to investigate more bio-preservation control potential of L. plantarum, especially when applied in food industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zunying Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-532-8203-2400
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16
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Zhang Y, Gu Y, Wu R, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Nie L, Qiao R, He Y. Exploring the relationship between the signal molecule AI-2 and the biofilm formation of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Alencar VC, Silva JDFDS, Vilas Boas RO, Farnézio VM, de Maria YNLF, Aciole Barbosa D, Almeida AT, de Souza EM, Müller-Santos M, Jabes DL, Menegidio FB, Costa de Oliveira R, Rodrigues T, Tersariol ILDS, Walmsley AR, Nunes LR. The Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation and Favors Ethanol Production over Biomass Accumulation in Zymomonas mobilis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115628. [PMID: 34073173 PMCID: PMC8198075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinducer 2 (or AI-2) is one of the molecules used by bacteria to trigger the Quorum Sensing (QS) response, which activates expression of genes involved in a series of alternative mechanisms, when cells reach high population densities (including bioluminescence, motility, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and production of public goods, or pathogenicity factors, among others). Contrary to most autoinducers, AI-2 can induce QS responses in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and has been suggested to constitute a trans-specific system of bacterial communication, capable of affecting even bacteria that cannot produce this autoinducer. In this work, we demonstrate that the ethanologenic Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis (a non-AI-2 producer) responds to exogenous AI-2 by modulating expression of genes involved in mechanisms typically associated with QS in other bacteria, such as motility, DNA repair, and nitrogen fixation. Interestingly, the metabolism of AI-2-induced Z. mobilis cells seems to favor ethanol production over biomass accumulation, probably as an adaptation to the high-energy demand of N2 fixation. This opens the possibility of employing AI-2 during the industrial production of second-generation ethanol, as a way to boost N2 fixation by these bacteria, which could reduce costs associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, without compromising ethanol production in industrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Campos Alencar
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Juliana de Fátima dos Santos Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Renata Ozelami Vilas Boas
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Vinícius Manganaro Farnézio
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Yara N. L. F. de Maria
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - David Aciole Barbosa
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Alex Tramontin Almeida
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Daniela L. Jabes
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Fabiano B. Menegidio
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Regina Costa de Oliveira
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Ivarne Luis dos Santos Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adrian R. Walmsley
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | - Luiz R. Nunes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-4996-8371 (ext. 4996-3166)
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Canon F, Nidelet T, Guédon E, Thierry A, Gagnaire V. Understanding the Mechanisms of Positive Microbial Interactions That Benefit Lactic Acid Bacteria Co-cultures. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2088. [PMID: 33013761 PMCID: PMC7500094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms grow in concert, both in natural communities and in artificial or synthetic co-cultures. Positive interactions between associated microbes are paramount to achieve improved substrate conversion and process performance in biotransformation and fermented food production. The mechanisms underlying such positive interactions have been the focus of numerous studies in recent decades and are now starting to be well characterized. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contribute to the final organoleptic, nutritional, and health properties of fermented food products. However, interactions in LAB co-cultures have been little studied, apart from the well-characterized LAB co-culture used for yogurt manufacture. LAB are, however, multifunctional microorganisms that display considerable potential to create positive interactions between them. This review describes why LAB co-cultures are of such interest, particularly in foods, and how their extensive nutritional requirements can be used to favor positive interactions. In that respect, our review highlights the benefits of co-cultures in different areas of application, details the mechanisms underlying positive interactions and aims to show how mechanisms based on nutritional interactions can be exploited to create efficient LAB co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibault Nidelet
- SPO, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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