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Winotapun C, Makmoon T, Aumnate C, Thanomjitr D, Rungseesantivanon W, Ito H. Microfabrication of Thermoplastic Polypropylene Surface Structures via Thermal Imprinting for Controlling the Adhesion of Easy Peel Package. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35127-35139. [PMID: 37779925 PMCID: PMC10536086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterns were fabricated on polypropylene (PP) surfaces using the hot embossing technique with various temperatures ranging from 160 to 175 °C and applying force conditions from 100 to 300 N. To evaluate the replication quality, an effective filling ratio of 1 indicates that the volume of the formed pattern is similar to the mold cavity volume. From the results, the filling ratio increased with increasing the embossing temperature. For instance, under a constant force of 100 N, the filling ratio of polypropylene (PP) with small square arrays (pattern SS) increased from 0.08 to 0.41 when the embossing temperature was raised from 160 to 175 °C, respectively. With the increase of applied force, the filling ratio also increased. At an imprinting temperature of 175 °C and an applied force of 300 N, the highest effective filling ratio that was achieved was approximately 0.99. Furthermore, the effect of PP with different melt flow indexes (MFIs) on the filling ratio was investigated. For food packaging applications, a micropatterned PP sheet was heat-sealed with a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film. The micropatterned PP sheet demonstrated easy-opening properties by varying sealing contact areas and micropattern geometries between the sheet and the BOPP film. All micropatterned PP sheets with an MFI of 25 g/10 min exhibited an easy peel property with adhesive failure characteristics at a heat-sealing temperature of 150 °C and a dwell time of 3 s. There was no residue on the PP substrate surface. The overall findings are beneficial in understanding the hot embossing technology for fabricating micropatterns on polymer surfaces, and it can be applied in an easy peel property for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charinee Winotapun
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Makmoon
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chuanchom Aumnate
- Metallurgy
and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dumrong Thanomjitr
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttipong Rungseesantivanon
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum
Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Faculty
of Engineering, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-0021, Japan
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Raksiri C, Potejanasak P, Dokyor T. Fabrication of Nanogroove Arrays on Acrylic Film Using Micro-Embossing Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3804. [PMID: 37765657 PMCID: PMC10534769 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of nanostructures is of great importance in producing biomedical devices. Significantly, the nanostructure of the polymeric film has a significant impact on the physical and biophysical behavior of the biomolecules. This study presents an efficient nanofabrication method of nanogroove structures on an acrylic film by the micro-embossing process. In this method, a master mold was made from a thermos oxide silicon substrate using photolithography and etching techniques. An isotropic optical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film is used in the experiment. The acrylic film is known for its excellent optical properties in products such as optical lenses, medical devices, and various general purpose engineering plastics. Then, the micro-embossing process was realized to fabricate nanogroove patterns on an acrylic film by using a micro-embossing machine. However, the morphology of the nanopatterns on an acrylic film was characterized by using an atomic force microscope to measure the dimensions of the nanogroove patterns. The impact of embossing temperature on the morphology of nanogroove patterns on acrylic film is experimentally investigated. The results show that when the embossing temperature is too small, the pattern is not fully formed, and slipping occurs in nanopatterns on the acrylic film. On the other hand, the effect of increasing the embossing temperature on the morphology of nanogrooves agrees with the master mold, and the crests between the nanogrooves form straight edges. It should be noted that the micro-embossing temperature also strongly influences the transferability of nanopatterns on an acrylic film. The technique has great potential for rapidly fabricating nanostructure patterns on acrylic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana Raksiri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Potejana Potejanasak
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitipoom Dokyor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Wan C, Jia D, Zhan S, Zhang W, Yang T, Li Y, Li J, Duan H. Property investigation for high-Performance Polyimides fabricated via compression molding in solid-like state. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221148392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A compacted body was fabricated by pulverulent polyimide (PI) block copolymers using solid-like state compression molding (SCM) technique. Polymer heated to solid-like state, i.e. the high-elastic non-melting state above the glass transition temperature ( Tg) and well below melting temperature, could achieve plasticity due to dramatic decreases in elastic modulus. Tensile properties were taken as response values, and the results of single-factor experiments indicated that molding temperature was the dominant parameter on mechanical performances, followed by molding pressure and holding time. Within this context, the SCM process possesses a longer processing time window whereas the processing temperature is narrow. The manufacturing defects induced by inappropriate processing conditions also hurt the tribological performance of PIs. Particles in a solid-like state could coalesce tightly only by exerting both high temperature and pressure in the SCM process. Thermoforming mechanism examined by atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulation indicated that non-bonding interaction forces, especially van der Waals forces play a key role in fusing among polymeric particles. This study is devoted to establishing the interdependence of structure-formability-property for high-temperature polymers that are not melt processible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Dan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shengpeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Haitao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
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Aiswarya S, Awasthi P, Banerjee SS. Self-healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials: Challenges, opportunities and new approaches. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tahir U, Shim YB, Kamran MA, Kim DI, Jeong MY. Nanofabrication Techniques: Challenges and Future Prospects. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:4981-5013. [PMID: 33875085 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication of functional micro/nano-features is becoming increasingly relevant in various electronic, photonic, energy, and biological devices globally. The development of these devices with special characteristics originates from the integration of low-cost and high-quality micro/nano-features into 3D-designs. Great progress has been achieved in recent years for the fabrication of micro/nanostructured based devices by using different imprinting techniques. The key problems are designing techniques/approaches with adequate resolution and consistency with specific materials. By considering optical device fabrication on the large-scale as a context, we discussed the considerations involved in product fabrication processes compatibility, the feature's functionality, and capability of bottom-up and top-down processes. This review summarizes the recent developments in these areas with an emphasis on established techniques for the micro/nano-fabrication of 3-dimensional structured devices on large-scale. Moreover, numerous potential applications and innovative products based on the large-scale are also demonstrated. Finally, prospects, challenges, and future directions for device fabrication are addressed precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Tahir
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Young Bo Shim
- Department of Opto-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Kamran
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Doo-In Kim
- Department of Opto-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Myung Yung Jeong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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Oh DK, Lee T, Ko B, Badloe T, Ok JG, Rho J. Nanoimprint lithography for high-throughput fabrication of metasurfaces. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:229-251. [PMID: 36637666 PMCID: PMC9743954 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-021-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are composed of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures and exhibit optical properties that are not found in nature. They have been widely investigated for optical applications such as holograms, wavefront shaping, and structural color printing, however, electron-beam lithography is not suitable to produce large-area metasurfaces because of the high fabrication cost and low productivity. Although alternative optical technologies, such as holographic lithography and plasmonic lithography, can overcome these drawbacks, such methods are still constrained by the optical diffraction limit. To break through this fundamental problem, mechanical nanopatterning processes have been actively studied in many fields, with nanoimprint lithography (NIL) coming to the forefront. Since NIL replicates the nanopattern of the mold regardless of the diffraction limit, NIL can achieve sufficiently high productivity and patterning resolution, giving rise to an explosive development in the fabrication of metasurfaces. In this review, we focus on various NIL technologies for the manufacturing of metasurfaces. First, we briefly describe conventional NIL and then present various NIL methods for the scalable fabrication of metasurfaces. We also discuss recent applications of NIL in the realization of metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on each method and suggest perspectives for future research on the high-throughput fabrication of active metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SEOULTECH), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Scott SM, Ali Z. Fabrication Methods for Microfluidic Devices: An Overview. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:319. [PMID: 33803689 PMCID: PMC8002879 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer the potential to automate a wide variety of chemical and biological operations that are applicable for diagnostic and therapeutic operations with higher efficiency as well as higher repeatability and reproducibility. Polymer based microfluidic devices offer particular advantages including those of cost and biocompatibility. Here, we describe direct and replication approaches for manufacturing of polymer microfluidic devices. Replications approaches require fabrication of mould or master and we describe different methods of mould manufacture, including mechanical (micro-cutting; ultrasonic machining), energy-assisted methods (electrodischarge machining, micro-electrochemical machining, laser ablation, electron beam machining, focused ion beam (FIB) machining), traditional micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) processes, as well as mould fabrication approaches for curved surfaces. The approaches for microfluidic device fabrications are described in terms of low volume production (casting, lamination, laser ablation, 3D printing) and high-volume production (hot embossing, injection moulding, and film or sheet operations).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK
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