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Parambil AM, Rajan S, Huang PC, Shashikumar U, Tsai PC, Rajamani P, Lin YC, Ponnusamy VK. Carbon and graphene quantum dots based architectonics for efficient aqueous decontamination by adsorption chromatography technique - Current state and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118541. [PMID: 38417656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems and potable water are being exploited and depleted due to urbanization and the encouragement of extensive industrialization, which induces the scarcity of pure water. However, current decontamination methods are limited and inefficient. Various innovative remediation strategies with novel nanomaterials have recently been demonstrated for wastewater treatment. Carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene quantum dots (GQ-dots) are the most recent frontiers in carbon nanomaterial-based adsorption studies. C-dots are extremely small (1-10 nm) quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles (mostly sp3 hybridized carbon), whereas GQ-dots are fragments of graphene (1-20 nm) composed of primarily sp2 hybridized carbon. This article highlights the function of C-dots and GQ-dots with their specifications and characteristics for the efficient removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in water via adsorption chromatography. The alteration of adsorption attributes with the hybrid blending of these dots has been critically analyzed. Moreover, various top-down and bottom-up approaches for synthesizing C-dots and GQ-dots, which ultimately affect their morphology and structure, are described in detail. Finally, we review the research deficit in the adsorption of diverse pollutants, fabrication challenges, low molecular weight, self-agglomeration, and the future of the dots by providing research prospects and selectivity and sensitivity perspectives, the importance of post-adsorption optimization strategies and the path toward scalability at the tail of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Manayil Parambil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067.
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
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2
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Im MJ, Kim JI, Hyeong SK, Moon BJ, Bae S. From Pristine to Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots: An Essential Review and Prospects for Future Research. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304497. [PMID: 37496316 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based zero-dimensional materials that have received considerable scientific interest due to their exceptional optical, electrical, and optoelectrical properties. Their unique electronic band structures, influenced by quantum confinement and edge effects, differentiate the physical and optical characteristics of GQDs from other carbon nanostructures. Additionally, GQDs can be synthesized using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, distinguishing them from other carbon nanomaterials. This review discusses recent advancements in GQD research, focusing on their synthesis and functionalization for potential applications. Particularly, various methods for synthesizing functionalized GQDs using different doping routes are comprehensively reviewed. Based on previous reports, current challenges and future directions for GQDs research are discussed in detail herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Im
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Hyeong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joon Moon
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic ofKorea
| | - Sukang Bae
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic ofKorea
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3
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Christopher Leslee DB, Madheswaran B, Gunasekaran J, Karuppannan S, Kuppannan SB. Iminobenzophenone-thiophen hydrazide schiff base: a selective turn on sensor for paramagnetic Fe 3+ ion and application in real sample analysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00422-4. [PMID: 37083995 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective turn-on sensor for paramagnetic Fe3+ ions based on (E)-N'-((2-aminophenyl)(phenyl)methylene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide is successfully synthesized. The sensor BPTH is significantly selective and sensitive towards Fe3+ ions over other interfering metal ions especially Cu2+ and Co2+ ions with a lowest limit of recognition 1.48 × 10-7 M. The turn-on sensing mechanism involves enhanced charge transfer. Fe3+ ion forms strong binding with the ligand with a Ka value about 8.23 × 104 M-1 and a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio is confirmed by Job's plot experiment. With Fe3+ ion, the yellow ligand BPTH change to a green fluorescent and reversible with 1 equivalent of EDTA. Practical application of sensor is demonstrated in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denzil Britto Christopher Leslee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Bharathi Madheswaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Jayapratha Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Sekar Karuppannan
- Department of Science and Humanities (Chemistry), Anna University, University College of Engineering, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624622, India
| | - Shanmuga Bharathi Kuppannan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India.
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4
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Li Z, Cao Y, Feng T, Wei T, Xue C, Li Z, Xu J. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots/Fe 3+-based fluorescent probe for the "off-on" sensing of As(V) in seafood. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1923-1931. [PMID: 37009737 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To better satisfy the application of rapid detection methods in the detection of As(V) in complex food substrates, we developed an "off-on" fluorescence assay to detect As(V) based on the competition between the electron transfer effect of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs)/Fe3+ and the complexation reaction of As(V)/Fe3+, using N-CDs/Fe3+ as a fluorescence probe. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to eliminate matrix interference during sample pretreatment. The detection limit was 7.6 ng g-1, with a linear range of 10-100 ng g-1. The method was further used to determine As(V) in different seafood products including snapper, shrimp, clams, and kelp. At the same time, the recovery of the method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS), indicating that the developed method had good recoveries from 86% to 117% and met the needs for accurate determination of As(V). This approach has shown excellent application potential in the field of As(V) detection in various seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yunrui Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Tingyu Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Resources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| | - Tingting Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Saremi M, Kakanejadifard A, Ghasemian M, Namdari M. A colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent sensor for rapid and selective detection of Fe3+ ion based on azo compound of 4-((4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)diazenyl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Gulati S, Baul A, Amar A, Wadhwa R, Kumar S, Varma RS. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Pathways to Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:554. [PMID: 36770515 PMCID: PMC9920802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new family of photoluminescent 0D NPs, have recently received a lot of attention. They have enormous future potential due to their unique properties, which include low toxicity, high conductivity, and biocompatibility and accordingly can be used as a feasible replacement for conventional materials deployed in various optoelectronic, biomedical, and energy applications. The most recent trends and advancements in the synthesizing and setup of photoluminescent CQDs using environmentally friendly methods are thoroughly discussed in this review. The eco-friendly synthetic processes are emphasized, with a focus on biomass-derived precursors. Modification possibilities for creating newer physicochemical properties among different CQDs are also presented, along with a brief conceptual overview. The extensive amount of writings on them found in the literature explains their exceptional competence in a variety of fields, making these nanomaterials promising alternatives for real-world applications. Furthermore, the benefits, drawbacks, and opportunities for CQDs are discussed, with an emphasis on their future prospects in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gulati
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arikta Baul
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anoushka Amar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rachit Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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Kateshiya MR, Desai ML, Malek NI, Kailasa SK. Advances in Ultra-small Fluorescence Nanoprobes for Detection of Metal Ions, Drugs, Pesticides and Biomarkers. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:775-798. [PMID: 36538145 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of trace level chemical species (drugs, pesticides, metal ions and biomarkers) plays key role in environmental monitoring. Recently, fluorescence assay has shown significant advances in detecting of trace level drugs, pesticides, metal ions and biomarkers in real samples. Ultra-small nanostructure materials (metal nanoclusters (NCs), quantum dots (QDs) and carbon dots (CDs)) have been integrated with fluorescence spectrometer for sensitive and selective analysis of trace level target analytes in various samples including environmental and biological samples. This review summarizes the properties of metal NCs and ligand chemistry for the fabrication of metal NCs. We also briefly summarized the synthetic routes for the preparation of QDs and CDs. Advances of ultra-small fluorescent nanosensors (NCs, QDs and CDs) for sensing of metal ions, drugs, pesticides and biomarkers in various sample matrices are briefly discussed. Additionally, we discuss the recent challenges and future perspectives of ultra-small materials as fluorescent sensors for assaying of wide variety of target analytes in real samples.
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Thadathil A, Thacharakkal D, Ismail YA, Periyat P. Polyindole-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Dopamine Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1063. [PMID: 36551030 PMCID: PMC9775058 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive monitoring of dopamine levels in the human body is of utmost importance since its abnormal levels can cause a variety of medical and behavioral problems. In this regard, we report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) from polyindole (PIN) via a facile single-step hydrothermal synthetic strategy that can act as an efficient electrochemical catalyst for the detection of dopamine (DA). The average diameter of N-GQDs was ∼5.2 nm and showed a C/N atomic ratio of ∼2.75%. These N-GQDs exhibit a cyan fluorescence color under irradiation from a 365 nm lamp, while PIN has no characteristic PL. The presence of richly N-doped graphitic lattices in the N-GQDs possibly accounts for the improved catalytic activity of N-GQDs/GCE towards electrocatalytic DA detection. Under optimum conditions, this novel N-GQDs-modified electrode exhibits superior selectivity and sensitivity. Moreover, it could detect as low as 0.15 nM of DA with a linear range of 0.001-1000 µM. In addition, the outstanding sensing attributes of the detector were extended to the real samples as well. Overall, our findings evidence that N-GQDs-based DA electrochemical sensors can be synthesized from PIN precursor and could act as promising EC sensors in medical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Dipin Thacharakkal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Yahya A. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Pradeepan Periyat
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University, Kannur 670567, India
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Construction of reversible enol-to-keto-to-enol tautomerization covalent organic polymer for sensitive, selective and multi-channel detection of iron (III). Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Naik VM, Waghmare RD, Gore AH, Anbhule PV, Kolekar GB. Greenish‐Yellow Emitting Carbon Dots as ‘On‐Off‐On’ Fluorescent Probe for Selective Determination of Mercury (II) and Sulphide Ions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav M. Naik
- P. E. S.'s Ravi S. Naik College of Arts and Science Farmagudi Ponda-Goa 403401
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004, (MS India
| | - Ravindra D. Waghmare
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004, (MS India
| | - Anil H. Gore
- Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science Uka Tarsadia University Bardoli Gujarat India
| | - Prashant V. Anbhule
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004, (MS India
| | - Govind B. Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004, (MS India
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Sengar P, Chauhan K, Hirata GA. Progress on carbon dots and hydroxyapatite based biocompatible luminescent nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101482. [PMID: 35841822 PMCID: PMC9293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. This review discusses the development of CD and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer theranostics. The effect of synthesis strategies and doping on photoluminescent properties along with tuning of emission in biological window has been briefly reviewed. The cancer targeting strategies, biocompatibility and biodistribution of CDs and nHA based luminescent probes is discussed. A summary of current challenges and future perspectives is provided.
Despite the significant advancement in cancer diagnosis and therapy, a huge burden remains. Consequently, much research has been diverted on the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for improvement in conventional diagnosis and therapy. Luminescent nanomaterials offer a versatile platform for the development of such materials as their intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) property offers convergence of diagnosis as well as therapy at the same time. However, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces various challenges, including biocompatibility and cost-effective scale up production. Thus, luminescent materials with facile synthesis approach along with intrinsic biocompatibility and anticancerous activity hold significant importance. As a result, carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. CDs are the newest members of the carbonaceous nanomaterials family that possess intrinsic luminescent and therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for cancer theranostic. Additionally, nHA is an excellent bioactive material due to its compositional similarity to the human bone matrix. The nHA crystal can efficiently host rare-earth elements to attain luminescent property, which can further be implemented for cancer theranostic applications. Herein, the development of CDs and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer has been briefly discussed. The emphasis has been given to different synthesis strategies leading to different morphologies and tunable PL spectra, followed by their diverse applications as biocompatible theranostic agents. Finally, the review has been summarized with the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sengar
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Gustavo A Hirata
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México.
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A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based azo compound of 4-(4-Dimethylamino-phenylazo)-N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide for rapid and selective detection of Fe3+ ion. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Pricilla RB, Skoda D, Urbanek P, Urbanek M, Suly P, Domincova Bergerova E, Kuritka I. Unravelling the highly efficient synthesis of individual carbon nanodots from casein micelles and the origin of their competitive constant-blue-red wavelength shift luminescence mechanism for versatile applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16277-16290. [PMID: 35733696 PMCID: PMC9157532 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of casein-derived carbon nanodots (CND) using a microwave-assisted approach, giving a high product yield (25%), is reported. Casein was used as a sustainable carbon source, and polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer for the nanodots. The size of the prepared amorphous CND corresponds to individual casein coils, which were only partially carbonized. They were obtained due to the disintegration of casein micelles and submicelles within the microwave-assisted solvothermal process. The resulting nanodots had bright photoluminescence, and their electronic structure and optical properties were investigated. A novel competitive model of their luminescence mechanism was introduced to explain a phenomenon beyond the standard models. The synthesized carbon nanodots were used as luminescent ink for anticounterfeit applications. A polymer matrix nanocomposite was prepared by dispersing the nanodots in a flexible and robust poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) tri-block copolymer (SEBS) using the solution cast method. For the first time, the effect of CND on the luminescence and mechanical properties of the SEBS/CND self-supporting films was studied. The film was also studied as a phosphor for light-emitting diodes, with a unique experimental setup to avoid self-absorption, which results in low efficiency and eliminates the excess UV transmitted. Because of their high luminescence, photostability, and mechanical properties, these CND could be used as luminescent labels in the packaging and optoelectronics industries. Synthesis of individual casein based CND with a discrete luminescence mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blessy Pricilla
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - David Skoda
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Domincova Bergerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuritka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Tr. T. Bati 5678 Zlin 76001 Czech Republic
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14
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Selvakumar T, Rajaram M, Natarajan A, Harikrishnan L, Alwar K, Rajaram A. Highly Efficient Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Graphene Quantum Dots as a Metal-Free Green Photocatalyst for Photocatalysis and Fluorescent Ink Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12825-12834. [PMID: 35474775 PMCID: PMC9026095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The demand for modern organic pollutant treatment has prompted the development of environmentally acceptable photocatalytic processes. In this work, we report novel nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene quantum dot (S,N-GQD) based photocatalysts and fluorescent ink for the first time. For the degradation of organic dyes under visible irradiation, a hydrothermal technique was employed to generate S,N-GQD green nanomaterials. The synthesized samples were examined using XRD, HR-TEM, EDX, FT-IR, PL, and UV-vis spectroscopy. UV-DRS was used to determine the energy band gap of S,N-GQDs, and it was obtained to be around ∼2.54 eV. To explore the catalytic behavior of the produced S,N-GQDs as green nanomaterials, organic dyes (i.e., crystal violet and Alizarin yellow) have been used as a reference dye in this study. Using several radical scavenging agents, the photocatalytic mechanism was examined. This novel photocatalyst offers a promising alternative for the breakdown of organic pollutants. Moreover, these S,N-GQDs can also be used as fluorescent ink for imaging purposes and security reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizharasan Selvakumar
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muralidharan Rajaram
- Department
of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Abirami Natarajan
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leelavathi Harikrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarasamy Alwar
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arulmozhi Rajaram
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Kang S, Han H, Lee K, Kim KM. Ultrasensitive Detection of Fe 3+ Ions Using Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots Fabricated by a One-Step Pulsed Laser Ablation Process. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2074-2081. [PMID: 35071895 PMCID: PMC8771691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the detection of Fe3+ ions, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have limitations for commercialization owing to their high limit of detection (LOD). Here, we report a one-step pulsed laser ablation (PLA) process to fabricate amino-functionalized GQDs (FGQDs) for the efficient detection of Fe3+ using polypyrrole (PPy) both as a precursor (amine N) and as a surfactant and also using graphite as a carbon precursor. Using this method, the amine N groups were easily incorporated into the carbon network of the GQDs. Additionally, compared to pristine GQDs, FGQDs showed smaller particle sizes and narrower size distributions owing to the surface passivation effects of the PPy surfactant. Due to the synergistic effect of surface passivation and incorporation of amine N groups, FGQDs exhibited a sensitive response to Fe3+ ions in the concentration range of 500 nM to 50 μM, which is lower than the quality standards for Fe3+ ions (∼5.36 μM) as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the processing time for synthesizing FGQDs by the PLA process was less than 30 min, thus allowing successful practical applications of GQDs in the sensing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhyun Kang
- Korea
Institute of Industrial Technology, 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangwon-do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuksu Han
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangpyo Lee
- Korea
Institute of Industrial Technology, 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangwon-do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Kim
- Korea
Institute of Industrial Technology, 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangwon-do 25440, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ghaffarkhah A, Hosseini E, Kamkar M, Sehat AA, Dordanihaghighi S, Allahbakhsh A, van der Kuur C, Arjmand M. Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102683. [PMID: 34549513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non-zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon-based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco-friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ali Akbari Sehat
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sara Dordanihaghighi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Allahbakhsh
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Colin van der Kuur
- ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210-1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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17
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Cui L, Ren X, Sun M, Liu H, Xia L. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3419. [PMID: 34947768 PMCID: PMC8705349 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are known as the rising star of carbon-based nanomaterials and, by virtue of their unique structure and fascinating properties, they have attracted considerable interest in different fields such as biological sensing, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis, and solar cells in recent years. Particularly, the outstanding electronic and optical properties of the CDs have attracted increasing attention in biomedical and photocatalytic applications owing to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, outstanding efficient up-converted photoluminescence behavior, and photo-induced electron transfer ability. This article reviews recent progress on the synthesis routes and optical properties of CDs as well as biomedical and photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, we discuss an outlook on future and potential development of the CDs based biosensor, biological dye, biological vehicle, and photocatalysts in this booming research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Yuanyang Branch Department, Beijing Jingshan School, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Xin Ren
- International Department, Beijing No. 12 High School, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
| | - Lixin Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
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18
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Cheng S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y. High quantum yield nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots for sensing Ag +, biological imaging and fluorescent inks. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5523-5531. [PMID: 34761756 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01582f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, bright blue-green fluorescent nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon dots (N, B-CDs) with a quantum yield (QY) up to 33.04% were synthesized viahydrothermal treatment from ammonium citrate tribasic and 3-aminophenylboronic acid. The synthesized N, B-CDs showed outstanding water solubility. According to the principle of the static quenching effect (SQE), the synthesized N, B-CDs were utilized as an efficient sensor for sensing Ag+. The linear range and limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor for Ag+ are 0.99-26.04 μM and 9.03 nM (3σ/m). The proposed method was successfully adopted to detect Ag+ in environmental water, which is of great significance to environmental detection. Furthermore, due to the excellent fluorescence performance, the N, B-CDs were found to be an effective tool for biological imaging and as a fluorescent ink, which widens the horizons for the multifunctional applications of N, B-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yingte Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yanteng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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19
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Park Y, Kim Y, Chang H, Won S, Kim H, Kwon W. Biocompatible nitrogen-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, and application. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8935-8951. [PMID: 32901641 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their unique properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The current studies on CDs are focused on improving their functionality by modulating their electronic structure, which helps in controlling their chemical, optical, and electrical properties. Doping with heteroatoms is a typical approach for modulating the electronic structure of CDs. In particular, there has been considerable progress in nitrogen-doped CDs for improving their potential for various biomedical applications, including optical imaging, drug delivery, and light-mediated imaging/therapeutic applications such as photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. In this review, the important features of nitrogen-doped CDs are discussed along with the recent studies on these materials and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Heemin Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Sungyeon Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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20
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Younis MR, He G, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32582629 PMCID: PMC7283876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Xia Y, Hong Y, Geng R, Li X, Qu A, Zhou Z, Zhang Z. Amine-Functionalized ZIF-8 as a Fluorescent Probe for Breath Volatile Organic Compound Biomarker Detection of Lung Cancer Patients. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3478-3486. [PMID: 32118162 PMCID: PMC7045493 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The highly thermally and chemically stable imidazole framework ZIF-8 samples were separately postmodified with amine groups by using N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (MMEN) and N,N-dimethylaminoethylamine (MAEA), which had the same molecular formula but different structures. The modified ZIF-8 samples (ZIF-8@amine) were thoroughly characterized, including powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and physical adsorption at 77 K by nitrogen, thermogravimetric analysis, and photophysical characterization. Results showed that after modification, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume both increased, almost one time higher than those of the original ZIF-8 sample, and followed the order: ZIF-8-MMEN > ZIF-8-MAEA > ZIF-8. Furthermore, the N-H group was successfully grafted into the modified ZIF-8 samples. To examine the sensing properties of the modified ZIF-8@amine samples toward the breath biomarkers of lung cancer, five potential volatile organic compound biomarkers were used as analytes. ZIF-8-MMEN and ZIF-8-MAEA revealed a unique capacity for sensing hexanal, ethylbenzene, and 1-propanol with high efficiency and sensitivity. The three samples all did not show sensing ability toward styrene and isoprene. In addition, ZIF-8, ZIF-8-MMEN, and ZIF-8-MAEA all can sense hexanal with a detection limit as low as 1 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhan Xia
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongchuang Geng
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ailan Qu
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment
System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- E-mail: ,
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