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Kimijima J, Inagawa A, Miyagawa A, Nasuno E, Uehara N. Probing the interaction between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions by electrophoresis in ice grain boundaries. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342713. [PMID: 38816152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychrophiles can survive under cryogenic conditions because of various biomolecules. These molecules interact with cells, ice crystals, and lipid bilayers to enhance their functionality. Previous studies typically measured these interactions by thawing frozen samples and conducting biological assays at room temperature; however, studying these interactions under cryogenic conditions is crucial. This is because these biomolecules can function at lower temperatures. Therefore, a platform for measuring chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions must be established. RESULTS The chemical interactions between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions were evaluated within ice grain boundaries with a channel-like structure, which circumvents the need for thawing. An aqueous solution of sucrose was frozen within a microfluidic channel, facilitating the formation of freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs) that functioned as size-tunable electrophoretic fields. Avidin proteins or single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were introduced into the FCS in advance. Probe micro/nanospheres whose surfaces were modified with molecules complementary to the target analytes were introduced into the FCS. If the targets have functionalities under sub-zero temperature conditions, they interact with complementary molecules. The chemical interactions between the target molecules and nanospheres led to the aggregation of the particles. The size tunability of the diameter of the FCS channels enabled the recognition of aggregation levels, which is indicative of interaction reactivity. The avidin-biotin interaction and ssDNA hybridization served as models for chemical interactions, demonstrating interactivity under sub-zero temperature conditions. The results presented herein suggest the potential for in situ measurement of biochemical assays in the frozen state, elucidating the functionality of bio-related macromolecules at or slightly below 0 °C. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first methodology to evaluate chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions without employing the freeze-and-thaw process. This method has the advantage of revealing the chemical interactions only at low temperatures. Therefore, it can be used to screen and evaluate the functionality of cryo-related biomolecules, including cold-shock and antifreeze proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kimijima
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Eri Nasuno
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
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Kimijima J, Inagawa A, Uehara N. Incorporation of a Morphologically Controlled Ice Grain Boundary into a Microfluidic Device for Size-Selective Separation of Micro/Nanospheres. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14963-14971. [PMID: 37766381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A frozen aqueous solution was integrated into a microfluidic device as a size-tunable separation field for the size-selective separation of micro/nanospheres. The width of the ice grain boundaries formed in frozen aqueous solutions could be altered by controlling the operating temperature. A freezing chamber was placed adjacent to the microfluidic channel. A sample-dispersing aqueous sucrose solution was injected into the chamber and frozen, allowing the freeze-concentrated solution (FCS) to run vertically to the microfluidic channel, where the eluting solution flows. The operating temperature can be used to control the physical interaction between the ice wall and micro/nanospheres, enabling size-selective migration. The eluted micro/nanospheres in the microchannel were passed through the eluting solution collected from the outlet. We achieved size-selective separation and collection of microspheres and nanospheres. We separated the exosomes and yeast cells to demonstrate their applicability in bioseparation. The present method is suitable not only for size-selective separation but also for evaluating the biological expression of extracellular vesicles under cryogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kimijima
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
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3
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INAGAWA A. Development of Analytical Platforms Utilizing Micro/Nanospaces Generated by Phase Separation of Aqueous Solutions. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Kataoka S, Harada M, Okada T. Microscale pH inhomogeneity in frozen NaCl solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18595-18601. [PMID: 34612396 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01655e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When an aqueous solution freezes at temperatures above the eutectic point, a freeze concentrated solution (FCS) is separated from the ice phase. Reactions of environmental importance often occur in the FCS and, in some cases, are accelerated compared to those in solution conditions. The pH of the FCS is an essential factor governing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions occurring therein. It is known that freezing of aqueous NaCl causes an increase in the FCS pH, which arises from the difference in the partition to the ice phase between Na+ and Cl-. It has also been shown that H+ and other ions show surface-specific behaviors on ice. Although the details are not known, the ice/FCS interface can also affect the behaviors of ions. In this study, the pH distribution in the FCS is evaluated using ratiometric fluorescence microscopy, and the pH inhomogeneity is confirmed for frozen aqueous NaCl. However, interestingly, buffered solutions and frozen aqueous glycerol result in a uniform pH value. The pH in frozen NaCl is always higher near the ice/FCS interface than in the middle of the FCS vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Fan Q, Li L, Xue H, Zhou H, Zhao L, Liu J, Mao J, Wu S, Zhang S, Wu C, Li X, Zhou X, Wang J. Precise Control Over Kinetics of Molecular Assembly: Production of Particles with Tunable Sizes and Crystalline Forms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15141-15146. [PMID: 32432368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been long-pursued but remains a challenge to precisely manipulate the molecular assembly process to obtain desired functional structures. Reported here is the control over the assembly of solute molecules, by a programmed recrystallization of solvent crystal grains, to form micro/nanoparticles with tunable sizes and crystalline forms. A quantitative correlation between the protocol of recrystallization temperature and the assembly kinetics results in precise control over the size of assembled particles, ranging from single-atom catalysts, pure drug nanoparticles, to sub-millimeter organic-semiconductor single crystals. The extensive regulation of the assembly rates leads to the unique and powerful capability of tuning the stacking of molecules, involving the formation of single crystals of notoriously crystallization-resistant molecules and amorphous structures of molecules with a very high propensity to crystallize, which endows it with wide-ranging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Han Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lishan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junqiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of future technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xueming Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of future technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Fan Q, Li L, Xue H, Zhou H, Zhao L, Liu J, Mao J, Wu S, Zhang S, Wu C, Li X, Zhou X, Wang J. Precise Control Over Kinetics of Molecular Assembly: Production of Particles with Tunable Sizes and Crystalline Forms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Linhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Han Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education Beijing China
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lishan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junqiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of future technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xueming Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education Beijing China
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of future technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Muto T, Harada M, Fukuhara G, Okada T. Ice Confinement-Induced Solubilization and Aggregation of Cyanonaphthol Revealed by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Lifetime Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3734-3742. [PMID: 32295346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When an aqueous salt solution freezes, a freeze-concentrated solution (FCS) separates from the ice. The properties of the FCS may differ from those of a supercooled bulk solution of the same ionic strength at the same temperature. The fluorescence and lifetime characteristics of 6-cyano-2-naphthol (6CN) were studied in frozen NaCl solutions in order to provide insight into the solution properties of the FCS. While the photoacidity of 6CN in an FCS is similar to that in solution, several anomalous behaviors are observed. Fluorescence spectra indicate that the solubility of 6CN is significantly enhanced in the FCS (50 mM or higher) compared to that in the bulk NaCl solution where the solubility limit is 250 μM. The high solubility induces the aggregation of 6CN in the FCS, which is not detected in bulk solutions. This trend becomes marked as the initial NaCl concentration decreases and the FCS is confined in a small space. The fluorescence lifetimes of 6CN in the FCS support the spectroscopy results. In addition to the species identified by fluorescence spectroscopy, excimers are assigned from lifetime measurements in the FCS. The excimer formation is also a result of the enhanced solubility of 6CN in the FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Muto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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8
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Miyagawa A, Harada M, Fukuhara G, Okada T. Space Size-Dependent Transformation of Tetraphenylethylene Carboxylate Aggregates by Ice Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2209-2217. [PMID: 32097006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene carboxylate (TPEC) aggregates are transformed by ice confinement, which is controlled by the initial concentration of sucrose employed as a cryoprotectant and temperature. The freezing of aqueous sucrose leads to the formation of micro- or nanoliquid phase confined in ice. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of tetraphenylethylene carboxylate (TPEC) in the ice-confined space is explored using fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime measurements. The characteristics of AIE in the ice-confined space strongly depend on the initial sucrose concentration and temperature, which determine the size of the liquid phase. The AIE of TPEC in the ice-confined space can be classified into three regimes in terms of spectroscopic features. Loosely packed J aggregates of TPEC are formed in the microliquid phase (>2 μm). The fluorescence intensity increases, and the wavelength is hypsochromically shifted with a decrease in the size of the space, indicating that the molecular arrangement in the aggregate depends on the space size. The fluorescence lifetimes indicate polydisperse, loosely packed aggregation. No further change in aggregate structure is observed once the liquid phase size is decreased to ∼2 μm, and a spectroscopically identical structure is maintained upon further reduction of the space size to ∼0.5 μm. The molecular arrangement in the aggregate is independent of the space size in this regime. However, when the size of the space becomes smaller than ∼0.5 μm, the aggregate structure again starts to change into a more tightly packed aggregate and a hypsochromic shift of the fluorescence wavelength occurs again. The fluorescence lifetime indicates monodispersed aggregation in this submicrospace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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