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Steponaitis M, Jankauskas V, Kamarauskas E, Malinauskienė V, Karazhanov S, Malinauskas T, Getautis V. Investigation of biphenyl enamines for applications as p-type semiconductors. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230260. [PMID: 37501661 PMCID: PMC10369019 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the ease of synthesis and the ability to easily tune properties, organic semiconductors are widely researched and used in many optoelectronic applications. Requirements such as thermal stability, appropriate energy levels and charge-carrier mobility have to be met in order to consider the suitability of an organic semiconductor for a specific application. Balancing of said properties is not a trivial task; often one characteristic is sacrificed to improve the other and therefore a search for well-balanced materials is necessary. Herein, seven new charge-transporting biphenyl-based enamine molecules are reported. The new materials were synthesized using a simple one-step reaction without the use of expensive transition metal catalysts. It was observed that subtle variations in the structure lead to notable changes in the properties. Materials exhibited high thermal stability and relatively high carrier drift mobility, reaching 2 × 10-2 cm2V-1 s-1 (for BE3) at strong electric fields. Based on the results, three materials show the potential to be applied in organic light emitting diodes and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Steponaitis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kamarauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vida Malinauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), P.O Box 40, NO 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Zhang Y, Wang K, Sun Y, Xu M, Cheng Z. Novel Biphasically and Reversibly Transparent Phase Change Material to Solve the Thermal Issues in Transparent Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31245-31256. [PMID: 35776859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly integrated transparent electronic systems are experiencing significant thermal bottlenecks due to the rapid growth of transparent electronics and the lack of suitable transparent thermal management solutions. Therefore, transparent thermal management materials are highly desirable in modern transparent electronics. Based on the phase change properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the encapsulable properties of epoxy resin (EP), we synthesize a biphasically and reversibly transparent PEG/EP composite for thermal energy storage (TPE-TES). Energy-driven structural rearrangements in cross-linked networks are responsible for the high transparency with practical thickness. According to SEM and TEM investigations, PEG and EP achieve submicron phase dispersion, while TPE-TES forms a smooth and continuous surface that suppresses diffuse reflections and contributes to improved visible light penetration. The unique combination of phase change and optical transparency gives TPE-TES the ability to regulate thermal storage, rapid temperature change, and spatial temperature uniformity of transparent electronics. Due to its flexibility, stability, and processability, TPE-TES is also suitable and ideal as thin surface coating films or thick transparent flexible substrates for a wide range of applications in the integration of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhang
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, No.733, Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, No.733, Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yishan Sun
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, No.733, Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, No.733, Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, No.733, Jianshe 3rd Road, Hangzhou 311200, China
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Veeramuthu L, Venkatesan M, Liang FC, Benas JS, Cho CJ, Chen CW, Zhou Y, Lee RH, Kuo CC. Conjugated Copolymers through Electrospinning Synthetic Strategies and Their Versatile Applications in Sensing Environmental Toxicants, pH, Temperature, and Humidity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E587. [PMID: 32150907 PMCID: PMC7182922 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers (CCPs) are a class of polymers with excellent optical luminescent and electrical conducting properties because of their extensive π conjugation. CCPs have several advantages such as facile synthesis, structural tailorability, processability, and ease of device fabrication by compatible solvents. Electrospinning (ES) is a versatile technique that produces continuous high throughput nanofibers or microfibers and its appropriate synchronization with CCPs can aid in harvesting an ideal sensory nanofiber. The ES-based nanofibrous membrane enables sensors to accomplish ultrahigh sensitivity and response time with the aid of a greater surface-to-volume ratio. This review covers the crucial aspects of designing highly responsive optical sensors that includes synthetic strategies, sensor fabrication, mechanistic aspects, sensing modes, and recent sensing trends in monitoring environmental toxicants, pH, temperature, and humidity. In particular, considerable attention is being paid on classifying the ES-based optical sensor fabrication to overcome remaining challenges such as sensitivity, selectivity, dye leaching, instability, and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Fang-Cheng Liang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Jean-Sebastien Benas
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
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