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Li H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hu K, Lu Z, Liang J. Effects of Solvent Debinding on the Microstructure and Properties of 3D-Printed Alumina Ceramics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27455-27462. [PMID: 33134708 PMCID: PMC7594127 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solvents assist in the debinding of stereolithography-based 3D-printed alumina green bodies. The green bodies subsequently undergo thermal debinding and sintering to obtain alumina ceramics. In this study, several solvents were tested, including polyethylene glycol, oxalic acid, ammonium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol, methyl methacrylate, butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, methanol, ethyl acetate, and sec-butyl alcohol. The tested solvents during the debinding process showed different effects on microstructure and properties of 3D-printed alumina ceramics due to the variable aspects of their solubility toward the binders. The microstructure of the samples changed significantly after green bodies underwent solvent debinding, thermal debinding, and sintering, leading to loose spongy structures, porous aggregates, and compact structures, respectively. Shrinkage, bulk density, and open porosity changed slightly due to the debinding function of different solvents. Polyethylene glycol-impregnated samples displayed the minimum shrinkage in length direction (5.3%). Ethyl alcohol-impregnated sample showed minimum shrinkage in width (4.8%) and height (11.5%) directions. Ammonium hydroxide-impregnated samples exhibited minimum bulk density (2.8 g/cm3) and maximum open porosity (28.3%). Dimethyl carbonate-impregnated samples presented minimum flexural strength (32.6 MPa), and oxalic acid-impregnated samples revealed maximum flexural strength (63.4 MPa). In sum, the as-obtained ceramics would be used as ceramic cores for hollow blades in aircraft engines due to their high open porosity and moderate flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Science
and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- NPU-SAS
Joint Research Center of Advanced Ceramics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Science
and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- NPU-SAS
Joint Research Center of Advanced Ceramics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- Science
and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- NPU-SAS
Joint Research Center of Advanced Ceramics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Kehui Hu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metal
Research, Shenyang 110016, China
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Semenycheva LL, Egorikhina MN, Chasova VO, Valetova NB, Kuznetsova YL, Mitin AV. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Marine Collagen and Fibrinogen Proteins in the Presence of Thrombin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E208. [PMID: 32290502 PMCID: PMC7230862 DOI: 10.3390/md18040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Enzymatic hydrolysis of native collagen and fibrinogen was carried out under comparable conditions at room temperature. The molecular weight parameters of proteins before and after hydrolysis by thrombin were monitored by gel-penetrating chromatography (GPC). An analysis of the experiment results shows that the molecular weight parameters of the initial fibrinogen (Fn) and cod collagen (CC) are very similar. High molecular CC decays within the first minute, forming two low molecular fractions. The main part (~80%) falls on the fraction with a value of Mw less than 10 kDa. The initial high molecular fraction of Fn with Mw ~320-340 kDa is not completely hydrolyzed even after three days of control. The presence of low molecular fractions with Mw ~17 and Mw ~10 kDa in the solution slightly increases within an hour and noticeably increases for three days. The destruction of macromolecules of high molecular collagen to hydrolysis products appears almost completely within the first minute mainly to the polymer with Mw ~10 kDa, and enzymatic hydrolysis of fibrinogen proceeds slower than that of collagen, but also mainly to the polymer with Mw ~10 kDa. Comparative photos of the surfaces of native collagen, fibrinogen and the scaffold based on them were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila L Semenycheva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marfa N Egorikhina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victoria O Chasova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalya B Valetova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia L Kuznetsova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander V Mitin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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