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Sharma V, Mishra P, Sharma A, Dutt R, Shankhwar V, Prajapati P, Shrivastava S, Agarwal DD. Synthesis, Electrochemical Studies, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation as an Antimicrobial Agent of 5-Amino-6-cyano-3-hydroxybenzo[ c]coumarin Using Ni-Cu-Al-CO 3 Hydrotalcite as a Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15718-15727. [PMID: 35571845 PMCID: PMC9096959 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
New insights via a multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction of 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde acetoacetic ester and malononitrile were attained under efficient conditions. A detailed mechanistic study exhibits that the reaction via multicomponent, one-pot, two-step incooperating three-components' reactants under nominal conditions efficiently synthesizes the intermediates in shorter than reported time along with the formation of a novel compound [5-amino-6-cyano-3-hydroxybenzo[c]coumarin] in the presence of Ni-Cu-Al-CO3 hydrotalcite as a heterogeneous catalyst. Hydrotalcite functions as an efficient and versatile catalyst as it is safe, easy to work up, and recyclable many times under ambient conditions, and the reaction time is shorter. The aforementioned conditions make these solid basic heterogeneous catalysts environmentally friendly. The product yield obtained was 89%. The product was characterized using FTIR, LCMS, and NMR. Electrochemical studies were also carried out to check the reduction and oxidation behavior. The synthesized product showed antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, viz, S. Aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and P. Bulgaria, was studied by using the agar well diffusion method. The molecular docking studies of 5-amino-6-cyano-3-hydroxybenzo[c]coumarin exhibit its suitable attachment at the active center of the type IIA topoisomerases and gyrase enzymes which suggest its potential antibacterial activity when compared using ciprofloxacin drug as the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Praveena Mishra
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Rupali Dutt
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Virendra Shankhwar
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Pooja Prajapati
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Sakshi Shrivastava
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
| | - Dau Dayal Agarwal
- School of Studies in Chemistry, School of Studies in Biochemistry, and Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. 474011, India
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Kougioumtzi A, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Vrettos EI, Sayyad N, Sakka M, Stathopoulos P, Mantzaris MD, Ganai AM, Karpoormath R, Vartholomatos G, Tsikaris V, Lazarides T, Murphy C, Tzakos AG. Development of novel GnRH and Tat 48-60 based luminescent probes with enhanced cellular uptake and bioimaging profile. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9215-9224. [PMID: 34125130 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a clear need to develop photostable chromophores for bioimaging with respect to the classically utilized green fluorescent dye fluorescein. Along these lines, we utilized a phosphorescent carboxy-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl [Ru(bipy)2(mcb)]2+ (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl and mcb = 4-carboxy-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl) complex. We developed two luminescent peptide conjugates of the cell-penetrating peptide Tat48-60 consisting of either [Ru(bipy)2(mcb)]2+ or 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) tethered on the Lys50 of the peptide through amide bond. We confirmed the efficient cellular uptake of both bioconjugates in HeLa cells by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry and proved that the ruthenium-based chromophore possesses enhanced photostability compared to a 5(6)-FAM-based peptide, after continuous laser scanning. Furthermore, we designed and developed a luminescent agent with high photostability, based on the ruthenium core, that could be selectively localized in cancer cells overexpressing the GnRH receptor (GnRH-R). To achieve this, we took advantage of the tumor-homing character of d-Lys6-GnRH which selectively recognizes the GnRH-R. The [Ru(bipy)2(mcb)]2+-d-Lys6-GnRH peptide conjugate was synthesized, and its cellular uptake was evaluated through flow cytometric analysis and live-cell imaging in HeLa and T24 bladder cancer cells as negative and positive controls of GnRH-R, respectively. Besides the selective targeting that the specific conjugate could offer, we also recorded high internalization levels in T24 bladder cancer cells. The ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl peptide-based conjugates we developed is an intriguing approach that offers targeted cell imaging in the Near Infrared region, and simultaneously paves the way for further advancements in the dynamic studies on cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kougioumtzi
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Eirinaios I Vrettos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Mariana Sakka
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Michalis D Mantzaris
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Hematology Laboratory, Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsikaris
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Theodore Lazarides
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Biomedical Research, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece. and University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
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