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Mapfumo P, Reichel LS, André T, Hoeppener S, Rudolph LK, Traeger A. Optimizing Biocompatibility and Gene Delivery with DMAEA and DMAEAm: A Niacin-Derived Copolymer Approach. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4749-4761. [PMID: 38963401 PMCID: PMC11323007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is pivotal in nanomedicine, offering a versatile approach to disease treatment. This study aims to achieve an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, which is a common challenge in the field. A copolymer library is synthesized, incorporating niacin-derived monomers 2-acrylamidoethyl nicotinate (AAEN) or 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate (AEN) with N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm) or hydrolysis-labile N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA). Evaluation of the polymers' cytotoxicity profiles reveals that an increase in AAEN or DMAEA molar ratios correlates with improved biocompatibility. Remarkably, an increase in AAEN in both DMAEA and DMAEAm copolymers demonstrated enhanced transfection efficiencies of plasmid DNA in HEK293T cells. Additionally, the top-performing polymers demonstrate promising gene expression in challenging-to-transfect cells (THP-1 and Jurkat cells) and show no significant effect on modulating immune response induction in ex vivo treated murine monocytes. Overall, the best performing candidates exhibit an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, showcasing potential advancements in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper
P. Mapfumo
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Liên S. Reichel
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Thomas André
- Leibniz
Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | | | - Anja Traeger
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
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2
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Guo Z, Peng J, Zhou Z, Wang F, He M, Lu S, Chen X. Benzorhodol derived far-red/near-infrared fluorescent probes for selective and sensitive detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity in living cells and the non-alcoholic fatty liver of zebrafish. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4054-4059. [PMID: 38869016 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a growing public health concern and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a significant impact on human metabolism. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a vital biomarker for NAFLD, making it crucial to monitor BChE activity with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, we designed and synthesized a range of benzorhodol-derived far-red/near-infrared fluorescent probes, FRBN-B, NF-SB, and NF-B, for the quantitative detection and imaging of BChE. These probes differed in the size of their conjugated systems and in the number of incorporated cyclopropanecarboxylates, acting as the recognition site for BChE. Comprehensive characterization showed that FRBN-B and NF-SB fluorescence was triggered by BChE-mediated hydrolysis, while an additional cyclopropanecarboxylate in NF-B impeded the fluorescence release. High selectivity towards BChE was observed for FRBN-B and NF-SB, with a detection limit of 7.2 × 10-3 U mL-1 for FRBN-B and 1.9 × 10-3 U mL-1 for NF-SB. The probes were further employed in the evaluation of BChE inhibitor efficacy and imaging of intracellular BChE activity. Additionally, FRBN-B was utilized for imaging the BChE activity level in liver tissues in zebrafish, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Junqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Mingfang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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3
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Mohammad SA, Toragall VB, Fortenberry A, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Sulochana S, Heath K, Owolabi I, Tassin G, Flynt AS, Smith AE, Werfel T. Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) as a Versatile Strategy for Drug Conjugation and Stimuli-Responsive Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2621-2634. [PMID: 38457653 PMCID: PMC11194783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Postpolymerization modification of highly defined "scaffold" polymers is a promising approach for overcoming the existing limitations of controlled radical polymerization such as batch-to-batch inconsistencies, accessibility to different monomers, and compatibility with harsh synthesis conditions. Using multiple physicochemical characterization techniques, we demonstrate that poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) scaffolds can be efficiently modified with a coumarin derivative, doxorubicin, and camptothecin small molecule drugs. Subsequently, we show that coumarin-modified PVDMA has a high cellular biocompatibility and that coumarin derivatives are liberated from the polymer in the intracellular environment for cytosolic accumulation. In addition, we report the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a PVDMA-based polymer for the first time, demonstrating unique accumulation patterns based on the administration route (i.e., intravenous vs oral), efficient tumor uptake, and tumor growth inhibition in 4T1 orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. This work establishes the utility of PVDMA as a versatile chemical platform for producing polymer-drug conjugates with a tunable, stimuli-responsive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Veeresh B. Toragall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | | | - Suresh Sulochana
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Katie Heath
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Iyanuoluwani Owolabi
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Garrett Tassin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Alex S. Flynt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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4
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Fortenberry A, Mohammad SA, Werfel TA, Smith AE. Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge-Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone-Based Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200420. [PMID: 35820157 PMCID: PMC9780167 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a "reactive platform" to prepare charge-shifting polycations via post-polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA-derived charge-shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide-functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester- and thioester-functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester-functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester-functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA-based charge-shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Thomas A. Werfel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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5
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Li W, Lei X, Feng H, Li B, Kong J, Xing M. Layer-by-Layer Cell Encapsulation for Drug Delivery: The History, Technique Basis, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020297. [PMID: 35214030 PMCID: PMC8874529 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of cells with various polyelectrolytes through layer-by-layer (LbL) has become a popular strategy in cellular function engineering. The technique sprang up in 1990s and obtained tremendous advances in multi-functionalized encapsulation of cells in recent years. This review comprehensively summarized the basis and applications in drug delivery by means of LbL cell encapsulation. To begin with, the concept and brief history of LbL and LbL cell encapsulation were introduced. Next, diverse types of materials, including naturally extracted and chemically synthesized, were exhibited, followed by a complicated basis of LbL assembly, such as interactions within multilayers, charge distribution, and films morphology. Furthermore, the review focused on the protective effects against adverse factors, and bioactive payloads incorporation could be realized via LbL cell encapsulation. Additionally, the payload delivery from cell encapsulation system could be adjusted by environment, redox, biological processes, and functional linkers to release payloads in controlled manners. In short, drug delivery via LbL cell encapsulation, which takes advantage of both cell grafts and drug activities, will be of great importance in basic research of cell science and biotherapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China; (W.L.); (X.L.); (H.F.)
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.X.)
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Dutta K, Das R, Medeiros J, Kanjilal P, Thayumanavan S. Charge-Conversion Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2011103. [PMID: 35832306 PMCID: PMC9275120 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are now considered as one of the most potent therapeutic modalities, as their roles go beyond storing genetic information and chemical energy or as signal transducer. Attenuation or expression of desired genes through nucleic acids have profound implications in gene therapy, gene editing and even in vaccine development for immunomodulation. Although nucleic acid therapeutics bring in overwhelming possibilities towards the development of molecular medicines, there are significant loopholes in designing and effective translation of these drugs into the clinic. One of the major pitfalls lies in the traditional design concepts for nucleic acid drug carriers, viz. cationic charge induced cytotoxicity in delivery pathway. Targeting this bottleneck, several pioneering research efforts have been devoted to design innovative carriers through charge-conversion approaches, whereby built-in functionalities convert from cationic to neutral or anionic, or even from anionic to cationic enabling the carrier to overcome several critical barriers for therapeutics delivery, such as serum deactivation, instability in circulation, low transfection and poor endosomal escape. This review will critically analyze various molecular designs of charge-converting nanocarriers in a classified approach for the successful delivery of nucleic acids. Accompanied by the narrative on recent clinical nucleic acid candidates, the review concludes with a discussion on the pitfalls and scope of these interesting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis 46268, United States
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jewel Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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7
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Ros S, Wang J, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. A Mechanistic Study of the Hydrolysis of Poly[N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylates] as Charge-Shifting Polycations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jiexi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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