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Mai J, Kockler K, Parisi E, Chan CM, Pratt S, Laycock B. Synthesis and physical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based block copolymers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130204. [PMID: 38365154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of natural polyesters that are synthesised by microorganisms. In general, their thermoplasticity and (in some forms) their elasticity makes them attractive alternatives to petrochemical-derived polymers. However, the high crystallinity of some PHAs - such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) - results in brittleness and a narrow processing window for applications such as packaging. The production of copolymeric PHA materials is one approach to improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PHAs. Another solution is the manufacture of PHA-based block copolymers. The incorporation of different polymer and copolymer blocks coupled to PHA, and the resulting tailorable microstructure of these block copolymers, can result in a step-change improvement in PHA-based material properties. A range of production strategies for PHA-based block copolymers has been reported in the literature, including biological production and chemical synthesis. Biological production is typically less controllable, with products of a broad molecular weight and compositional distribution, unless finely controlled using genetically modified organisms. By contrast, chemical synthesis delivers relatively controllable block structures and narrowly defined compositions. This paper reviews current knowledge in the areas of the production and properties of PHA-based block copolymers, and highlights knowledge gaps and future potential areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mai
- Fujian Normal University, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Katrin Kockler
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emily Parisi
- Parisi Technologies, LLC Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Clement Matthew Chan
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Chen X, Cui H, Li H, Wang J, Fu P, Yin J, Tang S, Ke Y. Functionalization of graphene oxide with amphiphilic block copolymer to enhance antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113690. [PMID: 38086276 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of GO with an amphiphilic block copolymer is designed with an aim to enhance its biocompatibility, however, long copolymer chains can screen the blade effect of GO to sacrifice its antimicrobial activities. To solve this problem, low molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and their block copolymer were respectively introduced onto GO via an isophorone diisocyanate modified GO as a intermediate, followed by a solvent evaporation of an oil-in-water emulsion treatment (SE treatment) to induce block copolymer into polymer micelle via phase separation to refresh the sharp edges of GO. Block copolymer modified GO possessed similar dispersibility and stability to PEG modified GO, and even higher loading capacity of the hydrophobic drug than PHBV modified GO, illustrating its superior properties to homopolymer. PEG, PHBV and their block copolymer modified GO were nontoxic towards ATDC5 cells while cultured for 3 days and compatible with erythrocytes within 8 h. SE treatment enhanced greatly the loading capacity of the hydrophobic drug and the accumulative release reached 91.3% within 24 h. The inhibition zone of the block copolymer modified GO was 14.1 mm and 14.8 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, comparable to that of PEG modified GO. The bacterial reduction rate of the copolymer micelle modified GO was 87.1% and 82.7% towards E. coli and S. aureus, much greater than that of PEG, PHBV and their block copolymer modified GO at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The antibiofilm capacity of the copolymer micelle modified GO were equal to that of PEG modified, demonstrating its great promise in tissue engineering application for repair of infected tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - ShunQing Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Huang C, Xiao M, Cui H, Wang J, Cai Y, Ke Y. Carboxymethyl cellulose gels immobilized Ag/AgCl-ZnO nanoparticles for improving sunlight-catalyzed antibacterial performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126495. [PMID: 37633547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gels were prepared via immobilizing ZnO and/or Ag/AgCl in situ to inhibit the aggregation of nano-photocatalyst. Epichlorohydrin was used as a crosslinking agent to prepare CMC gel, simultaneously introducing chlorine-containing branch chains as Cl reservoir to deposit AgCl. The composite gels presented pH responsive swelling properties, with the minimum swelling ratio at pH 8 and pH 4 for CMC gels containing Ag/AgCl and ZnO, respectively. Zn2+ release from the nanocomposite gels was much greater in acidic than in neutral. Photocatalytic degradation constants of methyl orange by the composite gels under sunlight were greater than UV irradiation. Ag/AgCl loaded gel showed a degradation rate of 71.3 % under sunlight for 1 h, with a rate constant approximately 10.2 times higher than ZnO loaded gel. Extract liquids with the gel content below 0.33 mg/mL were noncytotoxicity. The nanocomposite gels presented good bactericidal rate against E. coli and S. aureus under sunlight for 6 h, comparatively to those in dark for 24 h. Bacteriostatic activity of Ag/AgCl loaded gel under sunlight for 6 h was much greater than that in dark for 24 h. The biocompatible nanocomposite gels with sunlight-catalyzed antibacterial activity would broaden the application of CMC gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yurou Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, He Y, Wang Z, Song P, Wang R. Construction of hexagonal spindle-shaped Fe-MOFs induced by cationic copolymer and its application for effective wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80279-80292. [PMID: 37296248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment and human health are in danger due to the long-term enrichment and buildup of organic pesticides, dyes, and harmful microbes in wastewater. The development of functional materials that are efficient for treating wastewater remains a significant problem. Eco-friendly hexagonal spindle-shaped Fe-MOFs (Hs-FeMOFs) were created in this study under the influence of cationic copolymer (PMSt). The mechanism of crystal growth and development of its unique morphology were described after looking into impact factors for the ideal circumstances and being characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, and other techniques. It revealed that Hs-FeMOFs possess an enormous supply of adsorption active sites, a strong electropositivity, and the nanometer tip. Then, typical organic pollutants, such as herbicides and mixed dyes, as well as biological pollutants bacteria, were chosen to assess its efficacy in wastewater treatment. It was discovered that the pendimethalin could be quickly removed in wastewater and the removal rate reached 100% within 10 min. In separation of mixed dyes, the retention rate of malachite green (MG) reached 92.3% in 5 min and with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.8 mg/mL and demonstrated strong activity due to the presence of cationic copolymers. In actual water matrix, Hs-FeMOF could also play excellent adsorption and antibacterial activity. In summary, a novel, environmentally friendly MOF material with good activity was successfully created by cationic copolymer induction. It offers a fresh approach to develop functional materials in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Duoxin Zhang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Lab. Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Zhu X, Li H, Zhou L, Jiang H, Ji M, Chen J. Evaluation of the gut microbiome alterations in healthy rats after dietary exposure to different synthetic ZnO nanoparticles. Life Sci 2022; 312:121250. [PMID: 36455650 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although synthetic ZnO nanoparticles (Nano-ZnO) as an alternative of ZnO compounds have been extensively used such as in livestock production, the increased consuming of Nano-ZnO has raised considerable concerns in environmental pollution and public health. Because of the low digestion of Nano-ZnO, the systematic studies on their interactions with gut microbiota remain to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-ZnOs were prepared by co-precipitation (ZnO-cp) and high temperature thermal decomposition (ZnO-td) as well as the commercial type (ZnO-s). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the morphology of Nano-ZnO. CCK-8 assay was used for cytotoxicity evaluation. Total antioxidant capacity assay, total superoxide dismutase assay, and lipid peroxidation assay were used to evaluate oxidative states of rats. 16S rRNA was used to study the impact of Nano-ZnO on the rat gut microbiome. KEY FINDINGS Both ZnO-cp and ZnO-td exhibited low cytotoxicity while ZnO-s and ZnO-td exhibited prominent antibacterial activities. After a 28-day oral feeding with 1000 mg/kg Zn at dietary dosage, ZnO-s showed slight effect on causing oxidative stress in comparison with that of ZnO-cp and ZnO-td. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that ZnO-td as a promising short-term nano-supplement can increase probiotics abundances like strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and provide the antipathogenic effect. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the gut microbiome alteration by synthetic Nano-ZnO not only provide solution to exposure monitoring of environmental hazard, but rationalize their large-scale manufacture as alternative additive in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Henghui Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liuzhu Zhou
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China.
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Zhu X, Wang J, Cai L, Wu Y, Ji M, Jiang H, Chen J. Dissection of the antibacterial mechanism of zinc oxide nanoparticles with manipulable nanoscale morphologies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128436. [PMID: 35158241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive uses of ZnO nanoparticles as promising antimicrobial agents to tackle the severe microbial infections, the systematic antibacterial studies on ZnO nanoparticles with manipulable nanoscale morphologies at the genetic expression level remain ill-defined. In this study, via a controllable thermal decomposition, ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies were facilely prepared. Additionally, the surface PEGylation of ZnO was conducted to obtain the nanoparticles of low biotoxicity. While all the prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the significantly chemical activities, the pronounced antibacterial effect of obtained ZnO nanoparticles was also identified, in which the ultra-small ones (~5 nm) showed the best performance. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of ZnO nanoparticles were studied by bacterial nucleic acid leakage, alkaline phosphatase, biofilm and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) revealed the underlying antibacterial mechanism involved the signal transduction, material transport, energy metabolism and other biological processes. Therefore, the cost-effective preparation of ZnO nanoparticles with distinct morphological features provides insights for the development of application specific antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zhou J, Huang W, Wu Y, Zhao S, Shi Y, Bai S, Li C, Huang Y, Dong A. Possibility for double optimization of siRNA intracellular delivery efficiency and antibacterial activity: Structure screening of pH-sensitive triblock amphiphilic polycation micelles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112178. [PMID: 34742020 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimal combination of hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, proton buffering and electrostatic interaction is the key issue for designing polycations as efficient gene vectors and antibacterial agents. Herein, we screened a series of pH-sensitive quaternary ammonium-based amphiphilic triblock copolymers, mPEG2k-P(DPAa/DMAb)-PQAc (TDDE-x), which had different pKa values and proton buffering capacities. Significantly, we found that both the highest siRNA intracellular delivery efficiency and the strongest antibacterial capacity occurred on TDDE-3 micelles with the segment structure of mPEG2k-P(DPA50/DMA56)-PQA55. The TDDE-3/siRNA complex achieved 67% silencing efficiency on H9C2 cells (N/P = 5, 50 nM siRNA), higher than the advanced commercial transfection reagents RNAiMAX (58%) and Lipo2000 (30%). Moreover, TDDE-3 micelles showed quite low MICs of 32 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Further studies on the structure-function relationship indicated that TDDE-3 micelles could mediate robust endosome escape and siRNA cytosolic release, and strong bacterial cell membrane-destabilizing function. Undoubtedly, this work reveals the possibility for double optimization of siRNA intracellular delivery efficiency and antibacterial activity of amphiphilic polycations by reasonable structure design, which is significant for low-cost development and clinical translation of efficient multifunctional polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, PR China; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanliang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yidi Wu
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuyue Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongli Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, PR China.
| | - Suping Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science; Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; Institute of Engineering Medicine; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Anjie Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, PR China; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Yuan X, Wang C, Chen J, Shu X, Chai Y, Meng Z, Hou D, Li C, Meng Q. Oligo( para-phenylenes)s–Oligoarginine Conjugates as Effective Antibacterial Agents with High Plasma Stability and Low Hemolysis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8532-8541. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Yuan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
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