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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Visible photons as ideal reagents for the activation of coloured organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4926-4975. [PMID: 38596901 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the traceless nature of visible photons has been exploited for the development of efficient synthetic strategies for the photoconversion of colourless compounds, namely, photocatalysis, chromophore activation, and the formation of an electron donor/acceptor (EDA) complex. However, the use of photoreactive coloured organic compounds is the optimal strategy to boost visible photons as ideal reagents in synthetic protocols. In view of such premises, the present review aims to provide its readership with a collection of recent photochemical strategies facilitated via direct light absorption by coloured molecules. The protocols have been classified and presented according to the nature of the intermediate/excited state achieved during the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Nicchio
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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2
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Phadnis N, Molen JA, Stephens SM, Weierbach SM, Lambert KM, Milligan JA. Green Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrazide Derivatives Using an Oxoammonium Salt. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5841-5845. [PMID: 38568872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic diazenes are often prepared by oxidation of the corresponding hydrazides using stoichiometric quantities of nonrecyclable oxidants. We developed a convenient alternative protocol for the oxidation of aromatic hydrazides using Bobbitt's salt (1), a metal-free, recyclable, and commercially available oxoammonium reagent. A variety of aryl hydrazides were oxidized within 75 min at room temperature using the developed protocol. Computational insight suggests that this oxidation occurs by a polar hydride transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Phadnis
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
| | - Jessica A Molen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
| | - Shannon M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Shayne M Weierbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Kyle M Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - John A Milligan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 4201 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19144, United States
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3
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Chawla R, Singh AK, Dutta PK. Arylazo sulfones: multifaceted photochemical reagents and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:869-893. [PMID: 38196324 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The photochemical action of arylazo sulfones under visible light irradiation has recently gained considerable attention for the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in organic synthesis. The inherent dyedauxiliary group (-N2SO2R) embedded in the reagent is responsible for the absorption of visible light even in the absence of a photocatalyst, additive or oxidant, leading to the generation of three different radicals, viz. aryl (carbon-centred), sulfonyl (sulphur-centred) and diazenyl (nitrogen-centred) radicals, under different reaction conditions. Encountering a reagent with such a versatile behaviour is quite rare, which makes arylazo sulfones a highly interesting class of compounds. The mild reaction conditions under which these reagents can operate are an added advantage. Recently, they are also being used as non-ionic photoacid generators (PAGs), electron acceptors, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and imination reagents in a number of synthetic transformations. They have displayed substantial damaging effect on the structure of DNA in the presence of light which can lead to their use as phototoxic pharmaceuticals for cancer treatment. Moreover, their photochemistry is also being exploited in polymerization reactions (as photoinitiators) and in materials chemistry (surface modification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Chawla
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| | - Atul K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Pradip K Dutta
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Callegari C, Scaringi S, Neuville L, Fagnoni M, Protti S, Masson G. Visible-Light-Mediated Divergent and Regioselective Vicinal Difunctionalization of Styrenes with Arylazo Sulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:9047-9052. [PMID: 38085821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Activated by visible light, arylazo sulfones can serve as multifaceted reactants and are employed in diazenylation, sulfonylation, and arylation reactions under (photo)catalyst-free conditions. Such versatile reactivity enabled us to develop an operationally simple, regioselective, and tunable difunctionalization of styrenes with arylazo sulfones to produce α-sulfonyl arylhydrazones and 1,2-alkoxyarylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, such difunctionalized products have been exploited as key building blocks for the synthesis of various heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Nicchio
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Scaringi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
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Meyer F, Halasyamani PS, Masson G. Advances in Organic and Inorganic Photoredox Catalysis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:1-3. [PMID: 36855535 PMCID: PMC9954384 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mikra C, Mitrakas A, Ghizzani V, Katsani KR, Koffa M, Koukourakis M, Psomas G, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Fylaktakidou KC. Effect of Arylazo Sulfones on DNA: Binding, Cleavage, Photocleavage, Molecular Docking Studies and Interaction with A375 Melanoma and Non-Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1834. [PMID: 36768159 PMCID: PMC9915714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of arylazo sulfones, known to undergo N-S bond cleavage upon light exposure, has been synthesized, and their activity in the dark and upon irradiation towards DNA has been investigated. Their interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been examined, and the significant affinity observed (most probably due to DNA intercalation) was analyzed by means of molecular docking "in silico" calculations that pointed out polar contacts, mainly via the sulfonyl moiety. Incubation with plasmid pBluescript KS II revealed DNA cleavage that has been studied over time and concentration. UV-A irradiation considerably improved DNA damage for most of the compounds, whereas under visible light the effect was slightly lower. Moving to in vitro experiments, irradiation was found to slightly enhance the death of the cells in the majority of the compounds. Naphthylazosulfone 1 showed photo-disruptive effect under UV-A irradiation (IC50 ~13 μΜ) followed by derivatives 14 and 17 (IC50 ~100 μΜ). Those compounds were irradiated in the presence of two non-cancer cell lines and were found equally toxic only upon irradiation and not in the dark. The temporal and spatial control of light, therefore, might provide a chance for these novel scaffolds to be useful for the development of phototoxic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Mikra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Virginia Ghizzani
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Katerina R. Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Szabó K, Goliszewska K, Szurmak J, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Site-Selective, Photocatalytic Vinylogous Amidation of Enones. Org Lett 2022; 24:8120-8124. [PMID: 36327199 PMCID: PMC9664488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the broad interest in organic compounds possessing a γ-aminocarbonyl motif, limited strategies for their synthesis have been reported. Herein, we describe a mild and efficient method for the site-selective amidation of unsaturated enones with electrophilic N-centered radicals as a key intermediate. The photocatalytic vinylogous reaction of dienolates with N-amino pyridinium salts affords γ-amido carbonyl compounds. This process is high-yielding, scalable, and tolerates a broad range of unsaturated α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, including biologically relevant compounds, as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti
Franciska Szabó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Goliszewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szurmak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Husen S, Jha P, Singh A, Kumar R. Direct Use of Phosphonium Salts for Alkylation of p-Quinols: Formal α-Arylation of Carbonyls via a 5-Membered Betaine-Type Intermediate. Org Lett 2022; 24:6925-6929. [PMID: 36129805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unlike phosphonium ylides used extensively for C═C bond formation, herein we disclose the direct use of phosphonium salts for site-selective alkylation to p-quinols via a 5-membered betaine-type intermediate. This strategy provides a novel and general approach for the synthesis of α-(m-aminoaryl) esters, amides and ketones under ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of P-ylide, alkylation and aromatization. Reaction is highly compatible with diverse functional phosphonium salts and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Husen
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyankar Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Di Terlizzi L, Scaringi S, Raviola C, Pedrazzani R, Bandini M, Fagnoni M, Protti S. Visible Light-Driven, Gold(I)-Catalyzed Preparation of Symmetrical (Hetero)biaryls by Homocoupling of Arylazo Sulfones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4863-4872. [PMID: 35316603 PMCID: PMC8981317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of symmetrical (hetero)biaryls via arylazo sulfones has been successfully carried out upon visible light irradiation in the presence of PPh3AuCl as the catalyst. The present protocol led to the efficient synthesis of a wide range of target compounds in an organic-aqueous solvent under photocatalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Scaringi
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ″Giacomo Ciamician″, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ″Giacomo Ciamician″, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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11
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Masson G. Welcome to Volume 2 of ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:1-2. [PMID: 36855405 PMCID: PMC9954380 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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