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Li Z, Xie Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wang G, Wang H, Su X, Lei M, Wan Q, Zhou Y, Teng M. Molecular engineering to design a bright near-infrared red photosensitizer: cellular bioimaging and phototherapy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13801-13807. [PMID: 38681838 PMCID: PMC11046288 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared red (NIR) fluorescence imaging guide phototherapeutic therapy (PDT) has the advantages of deep tissue penetration, real-time monitoring of drug treatment and disease, little damage to normal tissue, low cytotoxicity and almost no side effects, and thus, it is attracting increasing research attention and is expected to show promising potential for clinical tumor treatment. The photosensitizer (PS), light source and oxygen are the three basic and important factors to construct PDT technology, and highly efficient PSs are still being passionately pursued because they determine the PDT efficiency. Ideal PSs should have properties such as good biocompatibility, deep tissue penetration, and highly efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation despite the hypoxic environment. Therefore, pure organic type I PSs with NIR fluorescence have been receiving increasing attention due to their deep penetration and hypoxia resistance. However, reported NIR-active type I PSs usually require complex synthetic procedures, which presents a challenge for mass production. In this research work, based on the molecular design ideas of introducing the heavy atom effect and intramolecular charge transfer, we prepared three NIR-active type I PSs (TNZ, TNZBr, and TNZCHO) using a very simple method with one or two synthetic steps. Clear characterizations of photophysical properties, ROS performance tests, and fluorescent imaging of human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells and PDT treatment of HepG2 cells were carried out. The results revealed that the heavy atom and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects could obviously enhance the ROS efficiency, and both PSs produce only type I ROS without any type II ROS (1O2) generation. The good NIR fluorescence brightness and type I ROS efficiency ensure satisfactory bioimaging and PDT outcomes. This research provides the possibility of preparing NIR-active type I PSs via mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yili Xie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University Nanchang 330103 China
| | - Heng Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Gang Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hengxin Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xuejie Su
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meixu Lei
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qing Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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Quatsomes Loaded with Squaraine Dye as an Effective Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030902. [PMID: 36986763 PMCID: PMC10057727 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive therapeutic strategy that combines external light with a photosensitizer (PS) to destroy abnormal cells. Despite the great progress in the development of new photosensitizers with improved efficacy, the PS’s photosensitivity, high hydrophobicity, and tumor target avidity still represent the main challenges. Herein, newly synthesized brominated squaraine, exhibiting intense absorption in the red/near-infrared region, has been successfully incorporated into Quatsome (QS) nanovesicles at different loadings. The formulations under study have been characterized and interrogated in vitro for cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and PDT efficiency in a breast cancer cell line. The nanoencapsulation of brominated squaraine into QS overcomes the non-water solubility limitation of the brominated squaraine without compromising its ability to generate ROS rapidly. In addition, PDT effectiveness is maximized due to the highly localized PS loadings in the QS. This strategy allows using a therapeutic squaraine concentration that is 100 times lower than the concentration of free squaraine usually employed in PDT. Taken together, our results reveal the benefits of the incorporation of brominated squaraine into QS to optimize their photoactive properties and support their applicability as photosensitizer agents for PDT.
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Demirel Topel S. Encapsulation of Diiodo‐BODIPY in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Stabilized Cellulose Acetate Capsules for Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Production in Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Demirel Topel
- Antalya Bilim University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Dosemealtı, Dosemealtı Antalya 07190 Turkey
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A pH-Responsive Drug Delivery System Based on Conjugated Polymer for Effective Synergistic Chemo-/Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010399. [PMID: 36615594 PMCID: PMC9823741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug release and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have aroused extensive attention for their enormous potential in antitumor treatment. pH-responsive drug delivery systems (PFE-DOX-1 and PFE-DOX-2) based on water-soluble conjugated polymers were constructed in this work for high-performance synergistic chemo-/PDT therapy, in which the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is covalently attached to the side chains of the conjugated polymers via acid-labile imine and acylhydrazone bonds. Concurrently, the intense fluorescence of poly(fluorene-co-ethynylene) (PFE) is effectively quenched due to the energy/electron transfer (ET) between the PFE-conjugated backbone and DOX. Effective pH-responsive drug release from PFE-DOX-2 is achieved by the cleavage of acylhydrazone linkages in the acidic tumor intracellular microenvironment. Additionally, the drug release process can be monitored by the recovered fluorescence of conjugated polymers. Furthermore, the conjugated polymers can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation after drug release in an acidic environment, which prevents possible phototoxicity to normal tissues. It is noted that PFE-DOX-2 demonstrates remarkable antitumor cell performance, which is attributed to its efficient cell uptake and powerful synergistic chemo-/PDT therapeutic effectiveness. This report thus provides a promising strategy for in vivo anticancer treatment with the construction of a stimuli-responsive multifunctional drug delivery system.
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Akasov R, Khaydukov EV, Yamada M, Zvyagin AV, Leelahavanichkul A, Leanse LG, Dai T, Prow T. Nanoparticle enhanced blue light therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114198. [PMID: 35301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silva E, Aroso IM, Silva JM, Reis RL. Comparing deep eutectic solvents and cyclodextrin complexes as curcumin vehicles for blue-light antimicrobial photodynamic therapy approaches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1159-1173. [PMID: 35366753 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur), a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa L., has garnered the attention of the scientific community due to its remarkable biological properties such as its potential as a photosensitizing agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, due to its low solubility in aqueous media and instability at physiological and alkaline pH, Cur has struggled to find relevant clinical application. To tackle these shortcomings, two distinct Cur-based formulations based on either complexation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), MβCDC-Cur, or dissolution in a choline chloride (ChCl): glycerol (Gly) deep eutectic solvent (DES), DES-Cur, were produced, physio-chemically characterized and compared regarding their potential as phototherapeutic agents for blue-light antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) approaches. Both MβCD-Cur and DES-Cur were able to greatly enhance Cur solubility profile when compared to Cur powder. However, MβCD-Cur appears to hinder some of Cur's basal biological properties and possessed greater basal cytotoxicity towards L929 murine fibroblast cell line. Furthermore, MβCD-Cur was less photo-responsive when exposed to light which may hamper its application in blue-light aPDT approaches. In contrast, DES-Cur showed good biological properties and high photoresponsivity, displaying relevant phototoxicity against bacterial pathogens (≥ 99.9% bacterial reduction) while being better tolerated by L929 murine cells. Overall, this study found DES to be the more effective vehicle for Cur in terms of phototherapeutic potential which will serve as basis to develop novel platforms and approaches for blue-light aPDT targeting localized superficial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ivo M Aroso
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Wang L, Li G, Cao L, Shao K, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao W. Novel Water-Soluble Chlorin-Based Photosensitizer for Low-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:110-117. [PMID: 35187418 PMCID: PMC8844960 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), performed with low-fluence rates, can improve antitumor responses and prevent adverse effects. However, photosensitizers (PSs) for low-fluence PDT treatment are rarely reported. Herein, we exploited an amphiphilic chlorin-based PS, named DYSP-C34, which has a variety of beneficial biological properties, such as improved water solubility, better cellular permeability, specific localization and enhanced phototoxicity under low light dose irradiation. In addition, DYSP-C34 could effectively accumulate in a mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor and exhibit substantial tumor regression after irradiation with an extremely low light fluence (6 J/cm2). Meanwhile, the excellent phototoxicity could stimulate the host immune system and lead to a strong inhibition of tumor growth synergistically. These results indicated the potential value of DYSP-C34 as a chlorin-type PS for low-fluence PDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,
| | - Lei Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kun Shao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yueqing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University
of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,
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