1
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Seo Y, Zhou A, Nguyen TH, Wei N. Yeast Surface-Displayed Quenchbody as a Novel Whole-Cell Biosensor for One-Step Detection of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 39256183 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Timely surveillance of airborne pathogens is essential to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and safeguard human health. Methods for sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective detection of airborne viruses are needed. With advances in synthetic biology, whole-cell biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. However, the current design paradigm of whole-cell biosensors is mostly based on intracellular detection of analytes that can transport across the cell membrane, which presents a critical challenge for viral pathogens and large biomolecules. To address this challenge, we developed a new type of whole-cell biosensor by expressing and displaying VHH-based quenchbody (Q-body) on the surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for simple one-step detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus. Seventeen VHH antibody fragments targeting the hemagglutinin protein H1N1-HA were displayed on the yeast cells and screened for the H1N1-HA binding affinity. The functionally displayed VHHs were selected to create surface-displayed Q-body biosensors. The surface-displayed Q-body exhibiting the highest quenching and dequenching efficiency was identified. The biosensor quantitatively detected H1N1-HA in a range from 0.5 to 16 μg/mL, with a half-maximal concentration of 2.60 μg/mL. The biosensor exhibited high specificity for H1N1-HA over other hemagglutinin proteins from various influenza A virus subtypes. Moreover, the biosensor succeeded in detecting the H1N1 virus at concentrations from 2.4 × 104 to 1.5 × 107 PFU/mL. The results from this study demonstrated a new whole-cell biosensor design that circumvents the need for transport of analytes into biosensor cells, enabling efficient detection of the target virus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aijia Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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El Salamouni NS, Cater JH, Spenkelink LM, Yu H. Nanobody engineering: computational modelling and design for biomedical and therapeutic applications. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38898362 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies, the smallest functional antibody fragment derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, have emerged as powerful tools for diverse biomedical applications. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the structural characteristics, functional properties, and computational approaches driving the design and optimisation of synthetic nanobodies. We explore their unique antigen-binding domains, highlighting the critical role of complementarity-determining regions in target recognition and specificity. This review further underscores the advantages of nanobodies over conventional antibodies from a biosynthesis perspective, including their small size, stability, and solubility, which make them ideal candidates for economical antigen capture in diagnostics, therapeutics, and biosensing. We discuss the recent advancements in computational methods for nanobody modelling, epitope prediction, and affinity maturation, shedding light on their intricate antigen-binding mechanisms and conformational dynamics. Finally, we examine a direct example of how computational design strategies were implemented for improving a nanobody-based immunosensor, known as a Quenchbody. Through combining experimental findings and computational insights, this review elucidates the transformative impact of nanobodies in biotechnology and biomedical research, offering a roadmap for future advancements and applications in healthcare and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad S El Salamouni
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jordan H Cater
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lisanne M Spenkelink
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Biotechnology, University of Wollongong, Australia
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3
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Xu X, Li Y, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang Y, He P, Mou X. Targeted-activation superparamagnetic spherical nucleic acid nanomachine for ultrasensitive SERS detection of lysozyme based on a bienzymatic-mediated in situ amplification strategy. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:429-438. [PMID: 38112960 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme (LYS) is a widely used bacteriostatic enzyme. In this paper, we built a sensitive and accurate Raman biosensing platform to detect trace amounts of LYS. The method is based on magnetic spherical nucleic acid formed by a combination of LYS aptamer (Apt) and magnetic beads (MBs). Meanwhile, this method utilizes a dual enzyme-assisted nucleic acid amplification circuit and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this sensing strategy, which is based on the specific recognition of Apt, magnetic spherical nucleic acids were associated with SERS through a nucleic acid amplification circuit, and the low abundance of LYS was converted into a high-specificity Raman signal. Satellite-like MB@AuNPs were formed in the presence of the target, which separated specifically in a magnetic field, effectively avoided the interference of complex sample environment. Under the optimal sensing conditions, the concentration of LYS exhibited a good linear relationship between 1.0 × 10-14 and 5.0 × 10-12 M and the limit of detection was as low as 8.3 × 10-15 M. In addition, the sensor strategy shows excellent accuracy and sensitivity in complex samples, providing a new strategy for the specific detection of LYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Mou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Yu J, Zhao K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Development of a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer Quenchbody sensor for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water bodies. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121051. [PMID: 38157605 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and precise quantification of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in environmental water bodies is crucial for evaluating ecological risks and safeguarding human health. Traditional instrumental methods are complex, time-consuming, and expensive, while enzyme-based biosensors suffer from instability and require a constant supply of substrates. Hence, there is an urgent need for a fast, simple, and sensitive biosensor for OPPs. In this study, we developed a novel non-enzymatic biosensor for the detection of methyl parathion (MP) by employing the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Q-body strategy. Optimizing the spacer arm and screening fluorescent dyes identified the R6G BRET MP Q-body sensor with the best performance. Key parameters affecting the sensor's detection performance were optimized by using single-factor experiments. Under optimal conditions, the detection exhibited a detection limit of 5.09 ng·mL-1 and a linear range of 16.21-848.81 ng·mL-1. The sensor's accuracy was validated using standard recovery experiments, yielding a recovery rate of 84.47 %-102.08 % with a standard deviation of 1.93 %-9.25 %. The detection results of actual water samples demonstrate that this fast, simple, and highly sensitive BRET Q-body sensor holds great promise for practical water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kanglin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhanao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Liang YF, Yang JY, Shen YD, Xu ZL, Wang H. A breakthrough of immunoassay format for hapten: recent insights into noncompetitive immunoassays to detect small molecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38356229 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassay based on the antibodies specific for targets has advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost, therefore it has received more attention in recent years, especially for the rapid detection of small molecule chemicals present in foods, diagnostics and environments. However, limited by low molecular weight and only one antigenic determinant existed, immunoassays for these small molecule chemicals, namely hapten substances, were commonly performed in a competitive immunoassay format, whose sensitivities were obviously lower than the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay generally adaptable for the protein targets. In order to break through the bottleneck of detection format, researchers have designed and established several novel noncompetitive immunoassays for the haptens in the past few years. In this review, we focused on the four representative types of noncompetitive immunoassay formats and described their characteristics and applications in rapid detection of small molecules. Meanwhile, a systematic discussion on the current technologies challenges and the possible solutions were also summarized. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state-of-the-art in noncompetitive immunoassay for small molecules, and inspire the development of novel designs for small molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Sasamoto K, Yasuda T, Zhu B, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Efficient and rapid linker optimization with heterodimeric coiled coils improves the response of fluorescent biosensors comprising antibodies and protein M. Analyst 2023; 148:5843-5850. [PMID: 37941425 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed a coiled Q-probe (CQ-probe), a fluorescent probe containing a coiled-coil peptide pair E4/K4, to convert antibodies into biosensors for homogeneous immunoassays. This probe consists of an antibody-binding protein, protein M (PM) with the E4 peptide and the K4 peptide with a fluorescent dye. Compared to PM Q-probes, which are generated by modifying the C-terminus of PM with a fluorescent dye, CQ-probe variants with various linkers are easy to prepare and therefore enable the establishment of biosensors with a significant fluorescence response by localizing the fluorescent dye at the optimal position for quenching and antigen-dependent release. The fluorescence changes of biosensors converted from anti-BGP, anti-cortisol, and anti-testosterone antibodies using the rhodamine 6G (or TAMRA)-labeled CQ-probe upon antigen addition were 13 (or 2.6), 9.7 (or 1.5), and 2.1 (or 1.2) times larger than that of the biosensors converted using the PM Q-probe. Furthermore, the CQ-probe converted anti-digoxin IgG into a functional biosensor, whereas the PM Q-probe/antibody complex showed an insufficient response. This technology exhibits a promising capacity to convert antibodies into high-response biosensors, which are expected to be applied in a wide range of fields, including clinical diagnosis, environmental surveys, food analysis, and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sasamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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7
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Sultana N, Thanil Singh C, Khan MR, Sen Sarma N. An optical sensing platform for the detection of anti-cancer drugs and their cytotoxicity screening using a highly selective phosphorene-based composite. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17570-17582. [PMID: 37873646 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03948j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring therapeutic drugs and their elimination is crucial because they may cause severe side effects on the human body. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used anti-cancer drug, which is highly expensive, and the detection of unwanted overdoses of MTX using traditional procedures is time-consuming and involves complex instrumentation. In this work, we have developed a nanocomposite material using phosphorene, cystine, and gold (Ph-Cys-Au) that shows excellent optical properties. This nanocomposite can be used as an optical sensing platform for the detection of MTX in the range 0-260 μM. The synthesized sensing platform is very sensitive, selective, and cost-effective for the detection of MTX. Ph-Cys-Au can effectively detect MTX in aqueous media with a limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.0266 nM (for a linear range of 0-140 μM) and 0.0077 nM (for a linear range of 160-260 μM). The nanocomposite is equally selective for real samples, such as human blood serum (HBS) and artificial urine (AU) with a LOD of 0.0914 nM and 0.0734 nM, respectively. We have also determined the limit of quantification (LOQ); the LOQ values for the aqueous media were 0.0807 nM (for a linear range of 0-140 μM) and 0.0234 nM (for a linear range of 160-260 μM), whereas, the values for HBS and AU were around 0.2771 nM and 0.2226 nM, respectively. Moreover, the nanocomposite also provides a feasible platform for cytotoxicity screening in cancerous cells (Caco-2 cell lines) and non-cancerous cells (L-929 cell lines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sultana
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chingtham Thanil Singh
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-35, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Jung J, Jeong Y, Xu Y, Yi J, Kim M, Jeong HJ, Shin SH, Yang YH, Son J, Sung C. Production and engineering of nanobody-based quenchbody sensors for detecting recombinant human growth hormone and its isoforms. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1439-1448. [PMID: 37667448 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to athletes' misuse of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for performance improvement, the World Anti-Doping Agency has designated rhGH as a prohibited substance. This study focuses on the development and improvement of a simple and fast rhGH detection method using a fluorescence-incorporated antibody sensor "Quenchbody (Q-body)" that activates upon antigen binding. Camelid-derived nanobodies were used to produce stable Q-bodies that withstand high temperatures and pH levels. Notably, pituitary human growth hormone (phGH) comprises two major isoforms, namely 22 and 20 kDa GH, which exist in a specific ratio, and the rhGH variant shares the same sequence as the 22 kDa GH isoform. Therefore, we aimed to discriminate rhGH abuse by analyzing its specific isoform ratio. Two nanobodies, NbPit (recognizing phGH) and NbRec (preferentially recognizing 22 kDa rhGH), were used to develop the Q-bodies. Nanobody production in Escherichia coli involved the utilization of a vector containing 6xHis-tag, and Q-bodies were obtained using a maleimide-thiol reaction between the N-terminal of the cysteine tag and a fluorescent dye. The addition of tryptophan residue through antibody engineering resulted in increased fluorescence intensity (FI) (from 2.58-fold to 3.04-fold). The limit of detection (LOD) was determined using a fluorescence response, with TAMRA-labeled NbRec successfully detecting 6.38 ng/ml of 22 kDa rhGH while unable to detect 20 kDa GH. However, ATTO520-labeled NbPit detected 7.00 ng/ml of 20 kDa GH and 2.20 ng/ml 22 kDa rhGH. Q-bodies successfully detected changes in the GH concentration ratio from 10 to 40 ng/ml in human serum within 10 min without requiring specialized equipment and kits. Overall, these findings have potential applications in the field of anti-doping measures and can contribute to improved monitoring and enforcement of rhGH misuse, ultimately enhancing fairness and integrity in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Jung
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinglan Xu
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeop Yi
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University Sejong-ro 2639, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changmin Sung
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeong HJ. Quenchbodies That Enable One-Pot Detection of Antigens: A Structural Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1262. [PMID: 38002387 PMCID: PMC10669387 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quenchbody (Q-body) is a unique, reagentless, fluorescent antibody whose fluorescent intensity increases in an antigen-concentration-dependent manner. Q-body-based homogeneous immunoassay is superior to conventional immunoassays as it does not require multiple immobilization, reaction, and washing steps. In fact, simply mixing the Q-body and the sample containing the antigen enables the detection of the target antigen. To date, various Q-bodies have been developed to detect biomarkers of interest, including haptens, peptides, proteins, and cells. This review sought to describe the principle of Q-body-based immunoassay and the use of Q-body for various immunoassays. In particular, the Q-bodies were classified from a structural perspective to provide useful information for designing Q-bodies with an appropriate objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong-si 30016, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ueda H, Jeong HJ. Generation of a Recombinant scFv against Deoxycholic Acid and Its Conversion to a Quenchbody for One-Step Immunoassay. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:90. [PMID: 37888022 PMCID: PMC10608803 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a rapid detection method for deoxycholic acid (DCA) is crucial for its diagnosis in the early stages of inflammation and cancer. In this study, we expressed a soluble recombinant anti-DCA single-chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli. To convert scFv into a Quenchbody (Q-body), we labeled scFv using commercially available maleimide-linked fluorophores. The TAMRA-C5-maleimide-conjugated Q-body showed the highest response within a few minutes of DCA addition, indicating its applicability as a wash-free immunoassay probe for onsite DCA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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Liang YF, Li JD, Fang RY, Xu ZL, Luo L, Chen ZJ, Yang JY, Shen YD, Ueda H, Hammock B, Wang H. Design of an Antigen-Triggered Nanobody-Based Fluorescence Probe for PET Immunoassay to Detect Quinalphos in Food Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12321-12328. [PMID: 37527540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) immunoassay based on a fluorescence site-specifically labeled nanobody, also called mini Quenchbody (Q-body), exhibits extraordinary sensitivity and saves much time in the homogeneous noncompetitive mode and is therefore regarded as a valuable method. However, limited by the efficiency of both quenching and dequenching of the fluorescence signal before and after antigen binding associated with the PET principle, not all original nanobodies can be used as candidates for mini Q-bodies. Herein, with the anti-quinalphos nanobody 11A (Nb-11A) as the model, we, for the first time, adopt a strategy by combining X-ray structural analysis with site-directed mutagenesis to design and produce a mutant Nb-R29W, and then successfully generate a mini Q-body by labeling with ATTO520 fluorescein. Based on this, a novel PET immunoassay is established, which exhibits a limit of detection of 0.007 μg/mL with a detection time of only 15 min, 25-fold improved sensitivity, and faster by 5-fold compared to the competitive immunoassay. Meanwhile, the recovery test of vegetable samples and validation by the standard ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) both demonstrated that the established PET immunoassay is a novel, sensitive, and accurate detection method for quinalphos. Ultimately, the findings of this work will provide valuable insights into the development of triggered PET fluorescence probes by using existing antibody resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jia-Dong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ru-Yu Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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12
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Xue J, Kong J, Huang L, Ouyang H, Fu Z, He Y. Fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip for therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate with high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:342. [PMID: 37540283 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
As a front-line chemotherapeutic drug for maintenance and consolidation therapy, methotrexate (MTX) has widely been applied to treat various tumors and some inflammatory diseases. However, because of its severe toxicity ascribed to low selectivity, it is necessary to monitor therapeutic drugs in high-dose MTX therapeutic regimens to ensure treatment safety. In this work, we developed a fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FITS) for monitoring MTX by employing time-resolved fluorescent microspheres as signal probes. With a competitive immunoassay mode, the FITS for MTX shows a super-wide dynamic range of 10 pM-10 μM, covering the entire clinical therapeutic concentration range of MTX. Therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX can be achieved within 7 min with high specificity, facilitating the timely rescue of drug poisoning led by high-dose MTX treatment. The method was employed for monitoring MTX in the spiked human serum, urine, and milk, showing acceptable recoveries ranging from 94.0 to 110.0%. The established FITS has been applied to MTX detection in serum obtained from high-dose MTX treatment. The results from FITS and enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique showed no significant difference, suggesting its reliability for usage in real biological samples. The device shows promise in point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring for resource-limited countries and institutes, which significantly facilitates overcoming the lag time between sampling and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinxia Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
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13
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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14
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Immunosensor for realtime monitoring of the expression of recombinant proteins during bioprocess. Anal Biochem 2023; 665:115069. [PMID: 36716945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression and purification are crucial in modern life sciences research. A fluorescent immunosensor termed Quenchbody (Q-body) was developed for real-time monitoring of FLAG-fused protein expression. Detection results showed that the limit of detection of the 3 × FLAG peptide detected by the TAMRA-labeled anti-FLAG Q-body was as low as 3.1 nM, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 21.4 nM. Furthermore, the anti-FLAG Q-body was used for detecting different proteins fused with a FLAG-tag at the N- or C-terminal. Subsequently, the constructed Q-body was used to monitor the real-time fermentation process of single-strand DNA-binding protein in Escherichia coli. Unlike previously reported Q-bodies that widely used Fab or scFv, the present study used a full-length anti-FLAG IgG for the first time. Owing to its excellent detection speed and sensitivity, the FLAG Q-body immunosensor has the potential to quantify and monitor target recombinant proteins in multiple biological processes in real-time.
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15
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Dong J, Banwait B, Ueda H, Kristensen P. V H-Based Mini Q-Body: A Novel Quench-Based Immunosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2251. [PMID: 36850849 PMCID: PMC9960136 DOI: 10.3390/s23042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quenchbodies (Q-bodies), a type of biosensor, are antibodies labeled with a fluorescent dye near the antigen recognition site. In the absence of an antigen, the dye is quenched by tryptophans in the antibody sequence; however, in its presence, the dye is displaced and therefore de-quenched. Although scFv and Fab are mainly used to create Q-bodies, this is the first report where a single-domain heavy chain VH from a semi-synthetic human antibody library formed the basis. To create a proof of concept "mini Q-body", a human anti-lysozyme single-domain VH antibody C3 was used. Mini Q-bodies were successfully developed using seven dyes. Different responses were observed depending on the dye and linker length; it was concluded that the optimal linker length for the TAMRA dye was C5, and rhodamine 6G was identified as the dye with the largest de-quenching response. Three single-domain antibodies with sequences similar to that of the C3 antibody were chosen, and the results confirmed the applicability of this method in developing mini Q-bodies. In summary, mini Q-bodies are an easy-to-use and time-saving method for detecting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Dong
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bhagat Banwait
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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16
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Development of a Spacer-optimized Quenchbody against Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Wu CC, Huang SJ, Fu TY, Lin FL, Wang XY, Tan KT. Small-Molecule Modulated Affinity-Tunable Semisynthetic Protein Switches. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2691-2700. [PMID: 36084142 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Engineered protein switches have been widely applied in cell-based protein sensors and point-of-care diagnosis for the rapid and simple analysis of a wide variety of proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and enzymatic activities. Currently, these protein switches are based on two main types of switching mechanisms to transduce the target binding event to a quantitative signal, through a change in the optical properties of fluorescent molecules and the activation of enzymatic activities. In this paper, we introduce a new affinity-tunable protein switch strategy in which the binding of a small-molecule target with the protein activates the streptavidin-biotin interaction to generate a readout signal. In the absence of a target, the biotinylated protein switch forms a closed conformation where the biotin is positioned in close proximity to the protein, imposing a large steric hindrance to prevent the effective binding with streptavidin. In the presence of the target molecule, this steric hindrance is removed, thereby exposing the biotin for streptavidin binding to produce strong fluorescent signals. With this modular sensing concept, various sulfonamide, methotrexate, and trimethoprim drugs can be selectively detected on the cell surface of native and genetically engineered cells using different fluorescent dyes and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xin-You Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Li H, Zhu B, Li B, Chen L, Ning X, Dong H, Liang J, Yang X, Dong J, Ueda H. Isolation of a human SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody from a synthetic phage library and its conversion to fluorescent biosensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15496. [PMID: 36109569 PMCID: PMC9476436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since late 2019, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resultant spread of COVID-19 have given rise to a worldwide health crisis that is posing great challenges to public health and clinical treatment, in addition to serving as a formidable threat to the global economy. To obtain an effective tool to prevent and diagnose viral infections, we attempted to obtain human antibody fragments that can effectively neutralize viral infection and be utilized for rapid virus detection. To this end, several human monoclonal antibodies were isolated by bio-panning a phage-displayed human antibody library, Tomlinson I. The selected clones were demonstrated to bind to the S1 domain of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, clone A7 in Fab and IgG formats were found to effectively neutralize the binding of S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the low nM range. In addition, this clone was successfully converted to quench-based fluorescent immunosensors (Quenchbodies) that allowed antigen detection within a few minutes, with the help of a handy fluorometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Baowei Li
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuerao Ning
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hang Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Weifang Key Laboratory for Antibodies Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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A Novel Nanobody-Horseradish Peroxidase Fusion Based-Competitive ELISA to Rapidly Detect Avian Corona-Virus-Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibody in Chicken Serum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147589. [PMID: 35886935 PMCID: PMC9321063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coronavirus-infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB) that has brought great threat and economic losses to the global poultry industry. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are very necessary for effective disease monitoring. At the present study, we screened a novel nanobody against IBV-N protein for development of a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific competitive ELISA for IBV antibody detection in order to enable the assessment of inoculation effect and early warning of disease infection. Using the phage display technology and bio-panning, we obtained 7 specific nanobodies fused with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) which were expressed in culture supernatant of HEK293T cells. Out of which, the nanobody of IBV-N-Nb66-vHRP has highly binding with IBV-N protein and was easily blocked by the IBV positive serums, which was finally employed as an immunoprobe for development of the competitive ELISA (cELISA). In the newly developed cELISA, we reduce the use of enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody, and the time of whole operation process is approximately 1 h. Moreover, the IBV positive serums diluted at 1:1000 can still be detected by the developed cELISA, and it has no cross reactivity with others chicken disease serums including Newcastle disease virus, Fowl adenovirus, Avian Influenza Virus, Infectious bursal disease virus and Hepatitis E virus. The cut-off value of the established cELISA was 36%, and the coefficient of variation of intra- and inter-assay were 0.55–1.65% and 2.58–6.03%, respectively. Compared with the commercial ELISA (IDEXX kit), the agreement rate of two methods was defined as 98% and the kappa value was 0.96, indicating the developed cELISA has high consistency with the commercial ELISA. Taken together, the novel cELISA for IBV antibody detection is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific immunoassay, which has the potential to rapidly test IBV antibody contributing to the surveillance and control of the disease.
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20
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Kim HR, Bong JH, Kim TH, Choi KH, Shin SS, Kang MJ, Shim WB, Lee DY, Pyun JC. Homogeneous One-Step Immunoassay Based on Switching Peptides for Detection of the Influenza Virus. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9627-9635. [PMID: 35762898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous one-step immunoassay based on switching peptides is presented for the detection of influenza viruses A and B (Inf-A and Inf-B, respectively). The one-step immunoassay represents an immunoassay method that does not involve any washing steps, only treatment of the sample. In this method, fluorescence-labeled switching peptides quantitatively dissociate from the antigen-binding site of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In particular, the one-step immunoassay based on soluble detection antibodies with switching peptides is called a homogeneous one-step immunoassay. The immunoassay developed uses switching peptides labeled with two types of fluorescence dyes (FAM and TAMRA) and detection antibodies labeled with two types of fluorescence quenchers (TQ2 for FAM and TQ3 for TAMRA). The optimal switching peptides for the detection of Inf-A and Inf-B have been selected as L1-peptide and H2-peptide. The interactions between the four kinds of switching peptides and IgG have been analyzed using computational docking simulation and SPR biosensor. The location of labeling for the fluorescence quenchers has been determined based on the distance between the fluorescence dyes of the switching peptides and the fluorescence quenchers, calculated on the basis of the efficiency of fluorescence quenching, using the Förster equation. To demonstrate the feasibility of the one-step immunoassay, binding constants (KD) have been calculated for detection antibodies against Inf-A and Inf-B with target antigens (Inf-A and Inf-B) and switching peptides (L1- and H2-peptides), using an isotherm model. The immunoassay has been demonstrated to be feasible using antigens as well as real samples of Inf-A and Inf-B with a critical cycle number (Ct). The immunoassay has also been compared to other commercially available rapid test kits for Inf-A and Inf-B and found to be far more sensitive for detection of Inf-A and Inf-B over the entire detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hak Choi
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Shick Shin
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Fan R, Li Y, Park KW, Du J, Chang LH, Strieter ER, Andrew TL. A Strategy for Accessing Nanobody-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Analyte Detection in Complex Media. ECS SENSORS PLUS 2022; 1:010601. [PMID: 36338794 PMCID: PMC9635334 DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ac5b2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies are single variable domain antibodies isolated from camelids and are rapidly distinguishing themselves as ideal recognition elements in biosensors due to their comparative stability, ease of production and isolation, and high binding affinities. However, transducing analyte binding by nanobodies in real time is challenging, as most nanobodies do not directly produce an optical or electrical signal upon target recognition. Here, we report a general strategy to fabricate sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors incorporating nanobodies for detecting target analytes in heterogeneous media, such as cell lysate. Graphite felt can be covalently functionalized with recombinant HaloTag-modified nanobodies. Subsequent encapsulation with a thin layer of a hydrogel using a vapor deposition process affords encapsulated electrodes that directly display a decrease in current upon antigen binding, without added redox mediators. Differential pulse voltammetry affords clear and consistent decreases in electrode current across multiple electrode samples for specific antigen concentrations. The change in observed current vs increasing antigen concentration follows Langmuir binding characteristics, as expected. Importantly, selective and repeatable target binding in unpurified cell lysate is only demonstrated by the encapsulated electrode, with an antigen detection limit of ca. 30 pmol, whereas bare electrodes lacking encapsulation produce numerous false positive signals in control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kwang-Won Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiale Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lin Hui Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Trisha L. Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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22
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Dai Y, Sato Y, Zhu B, Kitaguchi T, Kimura H, Ghadessy FJ, Ueda H. Intra Q-body: an antibody-based fluorogenic probe for intracellular proteins that allows live cell imaging and sorting. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9739-9748. [PMID: 36091915 PMCID: PMC9400599 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intracellular biomarkers can be imaged with fluorescent dye(s)-labeled antibodies, the use of such probes for precise imaging of intracellular biomarkers in living cells remains challenging due to background noise from unbound probes. Herein, we describe the development of a conditionally active Fab-type Quenchbody (Q-body) probe derived from a monoclonal antibody (DO-1) with the ability to both target and spatiotemporally visualize intracellular p53 in living cells with low background signal. p53 is a key tumor suppressor and validated biomarker for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The Q-body displayed up to 27-fold p53 level-dependent fluorescence enhancement in vitro with a limit of detection of 0.72 nM. In fixed and live cells, 8.3- and 8.4-fold enhancement was respectively observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate live-cell sorting based on p53 expression. This study provides the first evidence of the feasibility and applicability of Q-body probes for the live-cell imaging of intrinsically intracellular proteins and opens a novel avenue for research and diagnostic applications on intracellular target-based live-cell sorting. A fluorescent immunosensor that lights up tumor biomarker p53 in living cells was developed based on the Q-body technology. The technology was further applied to the live cell monitoring of p53 levels, and live cell sorting based on p53 expression.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancen Dai
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Farid J. Ghadessy
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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23
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Huang X, Sang S, Yuan Z, Duan Q, Guo X, Zhang H, Zhao C. Magnetoelastic Immunosensor via Antibody Immobilization for the Specific Detection of Lysozymes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3933-3939. [PMID: 34677933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysozymes in human urine have crucial clinical significance as an indicator of renal tubular and glomerular diseases. Most lysozyme detection methods rely on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is usually a tedious procedure. Meanwhile, aptamer sensors and fluorescence-based techniques for lysozyme detection have emerged in recent studies. However, these methods are time-consuming and highly complex in operation, and some even require exorbitant reagents and instruments, which restricts real-time clinical monitoring as diagnostic approaches. Therefore, a rapid and low-cost lysozyme detection method with facile preparation is still in demand for modern precision medicine. Herein, we propose a magnetoelastic (ME) immunosensor for lysozyme detection by detecting changes in resonance frequency under a magnetostrictive effect. The detection system is composed of a magnetoelastic chip with an immobilized lysozyme antibody, a solenoid coil, and a vector network analyzer. Since the ME sensor is ultrasensitive to mass change, the frequency offset caused by mass change can be utilized to detect the content of lysozyme. The immunosensor is evaluated to possess superior sensitivity of 138 Hz/μg mL-1 in terms of the resonance frequency shift (RFS). In addition, our sensor displays an outstanding performance in specificity experiments and shows a relatively lower detection limit (1.26 ng/mL) than other conventional lysozyme detection methods (such as ELISA, chemiluminescence assay, fluorescence, and aptamer biosensors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhongyun Yuan
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qianqian Duan
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xing Guo
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Inoue A, Yasuda T, Zhu B, Kitaguchi T, Murakami A, Ueda H. Evaluation and selection of potent fluorescent immunosensors by combining fluorescent peptide and nanobodies displayed on yeast surface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22590. [PMID: 34799644 PMCID: PMC8604967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quenchbody (Q-body) is a quench-based fluorescent immunosensor labeled with fluorescent dye(s) near the antigen-binding site of an antibody. Q-bodies can detect a range of target molecules rapidly and directly. However, because Q-bodies show different antigen responses depending on the antibody used, time-consuming optimization of the Q-body structure is often necessary, and a high-throughput screening method for discriminating and selecting good Q-bodies is required. Here, we aimed to develop a molecular display method of nanobody-based “mini Q-bodies” by combining yeast surface display and coiled-coil forming E4/K4 peptide-based fluorescence labeling. As a result, the yeast-displayed mini Q-body recognizing the anti-cancer agent methotrexate (MTX) showed significant quenching and MTX-dependent dequenching on cells. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed method to select highly responsive mini Q-bodies, a small nanobody library consisting of 30 variants that recognize human serum albumin was used as a model. The best variant, showing a 2.4-fold signal increase, was obtained through selection by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the same nanobody prepared from Escherichia coli also worked as a mini Q-body after dye labeling. The described approach will be applied to quickly obtain well-behaved Q-bodies and other fluorescent biosensors for various targets through directed evolutionary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Inoue
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.,RePHAGEN Co., Ltd., Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2234, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
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Sato S, Matsumura M, Ueda H, Nakamura H. Preparation of an antigen-responsive fluorogenic immunosensor by tyrosine chemical modification of the antibody complementarity determining region. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9760-9763. [PMID: 34477721 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Full-length pharmaceutical antibodies, trastuzumab and rituximab, were chemically modified into Quenchbody, a fluorescent immunosensor, using a two-step reaction: (1) selective tyrosine residue modification of antibody complementarity determining regions (CDRs), and (2) introduction of fluorescent dye molecules by Cu-free click reaction. Without the need for genetic manipulation and time-consuming examination of protein expression conditions, the antibody-dye combination with good antigen response efficiency was examined in a simple two-hour operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaki Matsumura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-13, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan. .,School of Life Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-13, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-13, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-13, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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Yasuda T, Inoue A, Kitaguchi T, Ueda H. Rapid construction of fluorescence quenching-based immunosensor Q-bodies using α-helical coiled-coil peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8206-8209. [PMID: 34308943 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a rapid and efficient method to fabricate Quenchbodies (Q-bodies) that can detect targets with antigen-dependent fluorescence augmentation using a stable coiled-coil peptide pair, E4 and K4 (coiled Q-body, CQ-body). The CQ-body allowed antigen detection not only in buffer but also in 50% plasma. Furthermore, we describe FRET-type CQ-bodies using a dual-coloured K4 peptide, which allowed a more precise antigen quantification. Lastly, successful fabrication of nanobody-based CQ-body shows its applicability to a range of antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Construction of Fluorescent Immunosensor Quenchbody to Detect His-Tagged Recombinant Proteins Produced in Bioprocess. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21154993. [PMID: 34372230 PMCID: PMC8347774 DOI: 10.3390/s21154993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread application of recombinant DNA technology, many useful substances are produced by bioprocesses. For the monitoring of the recombinant protein production process, most of the existing technologies are those for the culture environment (pH, O2, etc.). However, the production status of the target protein can only be known after the subsequent separation and purification process. To speed up the monitoring of the production process and screening of the higher-yield target protein variants, here we developed an antibody-based His-tag sensor Quenchbody (Q-body), which can quickly detect the C-terminally His-tagged recombinant protein produced in the culture medium. Compared with single-chain Fv-based Q-body having one dye, the Fab-based Q-body having two dyes showed a higher response. In addition, not only was fluorescence response improved but also detection sensitivity by the mutations of tyrosine to tryptophan in the heavy chain CDR region. Moreover, the effect of the mutations on antigen-binding was successfully validated by molecular docking simulation by CDOCKER. Finally, the constructed Q-body was successfully applied to monitor the amount of anti-SARS CoV-2 nanobody secreted into the Brevibacillus culture media.
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Dong J, Ueda H. Recent Advances in Quenchbody, a Fluorescent Immunosensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041223. [PMID: 33572319 PMCID: PMC7916128 DOI: 10.3390/s21041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The detection of viruses, disease biomarkers, physiologically active substances, drugs, and chemicals is of great significance in many areas of our lives. Immunodetection technology is based on the specificity and affinity of antigen–antibody reactions. Compared with other analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, which requires a large and expensive instrument, immunodetection has the advantages of simplicity and good selectivity and is thus widely used in disease diagnosis and food/environmental monitoring. Quenchbody (Q-body), a new type of fluorescent immunosensor, is an antibody fragment labeled with fluorescent dyes. When the Q-body binds to its antigen, the fluorescence intensity increases. The detection of antigens by changes in fluorescence intensity is simple, easy to operate, and highly sensitive. This review comprehensively discusses the principle, construction, application, and current progress related to Q-bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Dong
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-924-5256
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