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Li P, Zhu C, Liu LS, Han CTJ, Chu HC, Li Z, Mao Z, Wang F, Lo PK. Ultra-stable threose nucleic acid-based biosensors for rapid and sensitive nucleic acid detection and in vivo imaging. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:472-485. [PMID: 38296012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The human genome's nucleotide sequence variation, such as single nucleotide mutations, can cause numerous genetic diseases. However, detecting nucleic acids accurately and rapidly in complex biological samples remains a major challenge. While natural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been used as biorecognition probes, it has limitations like poor specificity, reproducibility, nuclease-induced enzymatic degradation, and reduced bioactivity on solid surfaces. To address these issues, we introduce a stable and reliable biosensor called graphene oxide (GO)- threose nucleic acid (TNA). It comprises chemically modified TNA capture probes on GO for detecting and imaging target nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo, distinguishing single nucleobase mismatches, and monitoring dynamic changes in target microRNA (miRNA). By loading TNA capture probes onto the GO substrate, the GO-TNA sensing platform for nucleic acid detection demonstrates a significant 88-fold improvement in the detection limit compared to TNA probes alone. This platform offers a straightforward preparation method without the need for costly and labor-intensive isolation procedures or complex chemical reactions, enabling real-time analysis. The stable TNA-based GO sensing nanoplatform holds promise for disease diagnosis, enabling rapid and accurate detection and imaging of various disease-related nucleic acid molecules at the in vivo level. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The study's significance lies in the development of the GO-TNA biosensor, which addresses limitations in nucleic acid detection. By utilizing chemically modified nucleic acid analogues, the biosensor offers improved reliability and specificity, distinguishing single nucleobase mismatches and avoiding false signals. Additionally, its ability to detect and image target nucleic acids in vivo facilitates studying disease mechanisms. The simplified preparation process enhances practicality and accessibility, enabling real-time analysis. The biosensor's potential applications extend beyond healthcare, contributing to environmental analysis and food safety. Overall, this study's findings have substantial implications for disease diagnosis, biomedical research, and diverse applications, advancing nucleic acid detection and its impact on various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chiying Zhu
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 518116 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ling Sum Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Tristan Juin Han
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523059 Dongguan, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Wang
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 523059 Dongguan, P. R. China.
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Care, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, 518057 Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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2
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Aghbash PS, Rasizadeh R, Arefi V, Nahand JS, Baghi HB. Immune-checkpoint expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of cytomegaloviruses infection after transplantation: as a diagnostic biomarker. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:280. [PMID: 37430000 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, mostly causes only slight feverish symptoms or can be asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. However, it is known to be particularly a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients, whose immune system has been weakened due to the consumption of immunosuppressor drugs. Therefore, the diagnosis of CMV infection after transplantation is crucial. New diagnostic methods for the quick detection of CMV have been developed as a result of understanding the clinical importance of invasive CMV. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are important components of the immune system and it may be possible to diagnose viral infections using immunological markers, such as lymphocytosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and serum cytokine levels. Moreover, PD-1, CTLA 4, and TIGIT, which are expressed on certain T cells and antigen-presenting cells, are over-expressed during the infection. The assessment of CMV infection based on T cell and APC activity, and the expression of immunological checkpoints, can be helpful for the diagnosis of transplant patients at risk for CMV infection. In this review, we will investigate how immune checkpoints affect immune cells and how they impair organ transplantation after CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Rasizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Arefi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran.
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Li Y, Zhao S, Xu Z, Qiao X, Li M, Li Y, Luo X. Peptide nucleic acid and antifouling peptide based biosensor for the non-fouling detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid in saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115101. [PMID: 36708624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical biosensor with outstanding sensitivity and low cost is regarded as a viable alternative to current clinical diagnostic techniques for various disease biomarkers. However, their actual analytical use in complex biological samples is severely hampered due to the biofouling, as they are also highly sensitive to nonspecific adsorption on the sensing interfaces. Herein, we have constructed a non-fouling electrochemical biosensor based on antifouling peptides and the electroneutral peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which was used as the recognizing probe for the specific binding of the viral RNA of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Different from the negatively charged DNA probes that will normally weaken the biosensors' antifouling capabilities owing to the charge attraction of positively charged biomolecules, the neutral PNA probe will generate no side-effects on the biosensor. The biosensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, possessing a broad linear range (1.0 fM - 1.0 nM) and a detection limit down to 0.38 fM. Furthermore, the sensing performance of the constructed electrochemical biosensor in human saliva was nearly similar to that in pure buffer, indicating satisfying antifouling capability. The combination of PNA probes with antifouling peptides offered a new strategy for the development of non-fouling sensing systems capable of assaying trace disease biomarkers in complicated biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shuju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhenying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Youke Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Nanotechnology-Assisted Biosensors for the Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids: An Overview. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:208. [PMID: 36831973 PMCID: PMC9953881 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid diagnosis of viral diseases has garnered increasing attention in the field of biosensors. The development of highly sensitive, selective, and accessible biosensors is crucial for early disease detection and preventing mortality. However, developing biosensors optimized for viral disease diagnosis has several limitations, including the accurate detection of mutations. For decades, nanotechnology has been applied in numerous biological fields such as biosensors, bioelectronics, and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology offers a promising strategy to address the current limitations of conventional viral nucleic acid-based biosensors. The implementation of nanotechnologies, such as functional nanomaterials, nanoplatform-fabrication techniques, and surface nanoengineering, to biosensors has not only improved the performance of biosensors but has also expanded the range of sensing targets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the combination of nanotechnologies and biosensors is required to prepare for sanitary emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we provide interdisciplinary information on nanotechnology-assisted biosensors. First, representative nanotechnologies for biosensors are discussed, after which this review summarizes various nanotechnology-assisted viral nucleic acid biosensors. Therefore, we expect that this review will provide a valuable basis for the development of novel viral nucleic acid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wu J, Lin H, Moss DJ, Loh KP, Jia B. Graphene oxide for photonics, electronics and optoelectronics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:162-183. [PMID: 37117900 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was initially developed to emulate graphene, but it was soon recognized as a functional material in its own right, addressing an application space that is not accessible to graphene and other carbon materials. Over the past decade, research on GO has made tremendous advances in material synthesis and property tailoring. These, in turn, have led to rapid progress in GO-based photonics, electronics and optoelectronics, paving the way for technological breakthroughs with exceptional performance. In this Review, we provide an overview of the optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of GO and reduced GO on the basis of their chemical structures and fabrication approaches, together with their applications in key technologies such as solar energy harvesting, energy storage, medical diagnosis, image display and optical communications. We also discuss the challenges of this field, together with exciting opportunities for future technological advances.
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Alzahrani KE, Assaifan AK, Al‐Gawati M, Alswieleh AM, Albrithen H, Alodhayb A. Microelectromechanical system-based biosensor for label-free detection of human cytomegalovirus. IET Nanobiotechnol 2022; 17:32-39. [PMID: 36537882 PMCID: PMC9932435 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an asymptomatic common virus that is typically harmless, but in some cases, it can be life threatening. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic methods and strengthen the efforts to combat this virus. A microcantilever-based biosensor functionalised with the UL83-antibody of HCMV (UL83-HCMV antibody) has been developed to detect the UL83-antigen of HCMV (UL83-HCMV antigen) at different concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 300 ng/ml. The response of the biosensor to the presence of UL83-HCMV antigen was measured through the shift in resonance frequency before and after antigen-antibody binding. The system shows a low detection limit of 84 pg/ml, which is comparable to traditional sensors, and a detection time of less than 15 min was achieved. The selectivity of the sensor was demonstrated using three different proteins with and without the UL83-HCMV antigen. The biosensor shows high selectivity for the UL83-HCMV antigen. Mass loading by the UL83-HCMV antigen was roughly estimated with a sensitivity of ∼30 fg/Hz. This technique is crucial for the fabrication of portable and low-cost biosensors that can be used in real-time monitoring and enables early medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E. Alzahrani
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K. Assaifan
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Department of Biomedical TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Al‐Gawati
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alswieleh
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface SciencesDepartment of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Biological and Environmental Sensing Research UnitKing Abdullah Institute for NanotechnologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia,Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface SciencesDepartment of Physics and AstronomyCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Babaei A, Pouremamali A, Rafiee N, Sohrabi H, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Genosensors as an alternative diagnostic sensing approaches for specific detection of various certain viruses: a review of common techniques and outcomes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 155:116686. [PMID: 35611316 PMCID: PMC9119280 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for the deaths of millions of people throughout the world. Since outbreak of highly contagious and mutant viruses such as contemporary sars-cov-2 pandemic, has challenged the conventional diagnostic methods, the entity of a thoroughly sensitive, specific, rapid and inexpensive detecting technique with minimum level of false-positivity or -negativity, is desperately needed more than any time in the past decades. Biosensors as minimized devices could detect viruses in simple formats. So far, various nucleic acid, immune- and protein-based biosensors were designed and tested for recognizing the genome, antigen, or protein level of viruses, respectively; however, nucleic acid-based sensing techniques, which is the foundation of constructing genosensors, are preferred not only because of their ultra-sensitivity and applicability in the early stages of infections but also for their ability to differentiate various strains of the same virus. To date, the review articles related to genosensors are just confined to particular pathogenic diseases; In this regard, the present review covers comprehensive information of the research progress of the electrochemical, optical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) genosensors that applied for human viruses' diseases detection and also provides a well description of viruses' clinical importance, the conventional diagnosis approaches of viruses and their disadvantages. This review would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rafiee
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Chitosan/benzyloxy-benzaldehyde modified ZnO nano template having optimized and distinct antiviral potency to human cytomegalovirus. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118965. [PMID: 34973780 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of biomolecules encapsulated nano particles is currently originating ample attention to generate unconventional nanomedicines in antiviral research. Zinc oxide nanoparticle has been extensively studied for antimicrobial, antifungal and antifouling properties due to high surface to volume ratios and distinctive chemical as well as physical properties. Nevertheless, still minute information is available on their response on viruses. Here, in situ nanostructured and polysaccharide encapsulated ZnO NPs are fabricated with having antiviral potency and low cytotoxicity (%viability ~ 90%) by simply controlling the formation within interspatial 3D networks of hydrogels through perfect locking mechanism. The two composites ChH@ZnO and ChB@ZnO shows exceedingly effective antiviral activity toward Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) having cell viability 93.6% and 92.4% up to 400 μg mL-1 concentration. This study brings significant insights regarding the role of ZnO NPs surface coatings on their nanotoxicity and antiviral action and could potentially guide to the development of better antiviral drug.
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Yim Y, Shin H, Ahn SM, Min DH. Graphene oxide-based fluorescent biosensors and their biomedical applications in diagnosis and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9820-9833. [PMID: 34494621 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, has received much attention for developing novel fluorescent bioanalytic platforms due to its remarkable optical properties and biocompatibility. The reliable performance and robustness of GO-based biosensors have enabled various applications in the biomedical field including diagnosis and drug discovery. Here, recent advances in the development of GO-based fluorescent biosensors are overviewed, particularly nucleic acid detection and enzyme activity assay. In addition, practical applications in biomarker detection and high-throughput screening are also examined. Lastly, basic design principles and remaining challenges of these types of biosensors are discussed for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeajee Yim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Min Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology, Lemonex Inc., Seoul 06683, Republic of Korea
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