1
|
Aggarwal R, Ferris B, Li H. Compartmentalized Linker Array: A Scalable and Transferrable Microarray Format for Multiplexed Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37267452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays have been widely used for multiplexed bioassays. Fabrication of a conventional microarray typically requires a complex microarray spotter, using which nanoliter bioreagent (e.g., antibody and cells) droplets are delivered onto a glass slide. However, arraying a delicate bioreagent in nanoliter volumes could cause the loss of bioactivity and needs a complex microarray spotter. Further, mixing of different bioreagents in a multiplexed assay leads to cross-reactions, producing false positive signals that impair assay reproducibility and scalability. In this work, we propose a new microarray format, named "compartmentalized linker array (CLA)", that consists of pre-prepared storable microarrays of chemical linkers in microliter compartments. CLA can be used for binding and patterning bioreagents into microarrays by simply pipetting and incubating bioreagent solutions in compartments. Using commonly used aminosilane linker-based antibody microarray, we developed CLA and demonstrated its application for a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay measuring three cancer-related proteins. A "two-phase" blocking system was established for de-activating background regions on glass where no linker molecules are present. Storage conditions of the CLA chip were explored and demonstrated for long-term storage. In a multiplexed immunoassay, low pg/mL sensitivity was achieved for all the three proteins, comparable to those of conventional assays. Moreover, CLA can be potentially used for other applications beyond protein assays, making microarray technology transferrable and widely available for the biological and biomedical research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Aggarwal
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Bryn Ferris
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martel R, Shen ML, DeCorwin-Martin P, de Araujo LO, Juncker D. Extracellular Vesicle Antibody Microarray for Multiplexed Inner and Outer Protein Analysis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3817-3828. [PMID: 36515500 PMCID: PMC9791990 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are found both outside and inside of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and govern the properties and functions of EVs, while also constituting a signature of the cell of origin and of biological function and disease. Outer proteins on EVs can be directly bound by antibodies to either enrich EVs, or probe the expression of a protein on EVs, including in a combinatorial manner. However, co-profiling of inner proteins remains challenging. Here, we present the high-throughput, multiplexed analysis of EV inner and outer proteins (EVPio). We describe the optimization of fixation and heat-induced protein epitope retrieval for EVs, along with oligo-barcoded antibodies and branched DNA signal amplification for sensitive, multiplexed, and high-throughput assays. We captured four subpopulations of EVs from colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HT29 and SW403 based on EpCAM, CD9, CD63, and CD81 expression, and quantified the co-expression of eight outer [integrins (ITGs) and tetraspanins] and four inner (heat shock, endosomal, and inner leaflet) proteins. The differences in co-expression patterns were consistent with the literature and known biological function. In conclusion, EVPio analysis can simultaneously detect multiple inner and outer proteins in EVs immobilized on a surface, opening the way to extensive combinatorial protein profiles for both discovery and clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Martel
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Molly L. Shen
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Philippe DeCorwin-Martin
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Lorenna Oliveira
Fernandes de Araujo
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada,McGill
Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|