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Qin R, Nong J, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhou S, Hu M, Zhao H, Shan G. Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312761. [PMID: 38380773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human-machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure-sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene-based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhan Qin
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Nong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yishen Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Songbin Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 10068, China
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Zhu Z, Estevez D, Feng T, Chen Y, Li Y, Wei H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Jawed SA, Qin F. A Novel Induction-Type Pressure Sensor based on Magneto-Stress Impedance and Magnetoelastic Coupling Effect for Monitoring Hand Rehabilitation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400797. [PMID: 38618921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of training effectiveness is critical to patients' confidence and eventual rehabilitation. Here, an innovative magnetoinductive pressure sensor is proposed for monitoring hand rehabilitation in stroke hemiplegic patients. It couples the giant magneto and stress-impedance effects of a square spiral amorphous wire with the giant magnetoelastic effect of a polymer magnet (NdFeB@PDMS). The addition of the magnetoelastic layer results in a sensitivity improvement of 178%, a wide sensing range (up to 1 MPa), fast response/recovery times (40 ms), and excellent mechanical robustness (over 15 000 cycles). Further integration with an LC oscillation circuit enables frequency adjustment into the MHz range resulting in a sensitivity of 6.6% kPa-1 and outstanding linearity (R2 = 0.99717) over a stress range of up to 100 kPa. When attached to a commercial split-fingerboard, the sensor is capable of dynamically monitoring the force in each finger, providing a reading of the rehabilitation process. Unlike conventional inductive sensors, the sensor is based on an inductive force-responsive material (amorphous wire), which significantly boosts the sensitivity. The approach also demonstrates the potential of magnetoelasticity in static pressure sensing, which is highly sensitive to dynamic pressure only through electromagnetic induction. This makes it more suitable for long-term and continuous human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhu
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Diana Estevez
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 1 South Qianhu Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Tangfeng Feng
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Huijie Wei
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Lizhong Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 115 Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Syed Arsalan Jawed
- Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Block 18, Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan
| | - Faxiang Qin
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
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Li X, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang M, Lin Z, Hao Y, Li Y, Chang J. Capacitive Pressure Sensor Combining Dual Dielectric Layers with Integrated Composite Electrode for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:12974-12985. [PMID: 38416692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Foot activity can reflect numerous physiological abnormalities in the human body, making gait a valuable metric in health monitoring. Research on flexible sensors for gait monitoring has focused on high sensitivity, wide working range, fast response, and low detection limit, but challenges remain in areas such as elasticity, antibacterial activity, user-friendliness, and long-term stability. In this study, we have developed a novel capacitive pressure sensor that offers an ultralow detection limit of 1 Pa, wide detection ranges from 1 Pa to 2 MPa, a high sensitivity of 0.091 kPa-1, a fast response time of 71 ms, and exceptional stability over 6000 cycles. This sensor not only has the ability of accurately discriminating mechanical stimuli but also meets the requirements of elasticity, antibacterial activity, wearable comfort, and long-term stability for gait monitoring. The fabrication method of a dual dielectric layer and integrated composite electrode is simple, cost-effective, stable, and amenable to mass production. Thereinto, the introduction of a dual dielectric layer, based on an optimized electrospinning network and micropillar array, has significantly improved the sensitivity, detection range, elasticity, and antibacterial performance of the sensor. The integrated flexible electrodes are made by template method using composite materials of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti3C2Tx (MXene), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), offering synergistic advantages in terms of conductivity, stability, sensitivity, and practicality. Additionally, we designed a smart insole that integrates the as-prepared sensors with a miniature instrument as a wearable platform for gait monitoring and disease warning. The developed sensor and wearable platform offer a cutting-edge solution for monitoring human activity and detecting diseases in a noninvasive manner, paving the way for future wearable devices and personalized healthcare technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yarong Ding
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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Yang J, Liu L, Zhang D, Zhang H, Ma J, Zheng J, Wang C. Dual-Stage Surficial Microstructure to Enhance the Sensitivity of MXene Pressure Sensors for Human Physiological Signal Acquisition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1096-1106. [PMID: 38118186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the rapid growth of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors have received great interest due to their promising application in health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and intelligent robotics. The high sensitivity over a wide responsive range, integrated with excellent repeatability, is a crucial requirement for the fabrication of reliable pressure sensors for various wearable scenes. In this work, we developed a highly sensitive and long-life flexible pressure sensor by constructing surficial microarrayed architecture polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film as a substrate and Ti3C2TX MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) hybrid as an active sensing layer. The specific surficial morphology of PDMS couples with nanointercalated structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene/BC can effectively improve the sensitivity through controlling the stress distribution and layer spacing under different levels of pressure loading. In addition, abundant spontaneous hydrogen bonds between BC and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets endow the MXene coating with highly adhesive strength on the PDMS surface; hence, the cyclic stability of the pressure sensor is greatly boosted. As a result, the obtained MXene/BC/PDMS (MBP) pressure sensor delivers high sensitivity (528.87 kPa-1), fast response/recovery time (45 ms/29 ms), low detection limit (0.6 Pa), and outstanding repeatability of up to 8000 cycles. Those excellent sensing properties of the MBP sensor allow it to serve as a reliable wearable device to monitor full-range human physiological motions, and it is expected to be applied in next-generation portable electronics, such as E-skins, smart healthcare, and the Internet of Things technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
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5
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Yu H, Liu Y, Zhou G, Peng M. Multilayer Perceptron Algorithm-Assisted Flexible Piezoresistive PDMS/Chitosan/cMWCNT Sponge Pressure Sensor for Sedentary Healthcare Monitoring. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4391-4401. [PMID: 37939316 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the health problems faced by sedentary workers have received increasing attention. In this study, a pressure sensor based on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/carboxylated chitosan (CCS)/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (cMWCNT) sponge was prepared to realize a portable, sensitive, comfortable, and noninvasive healthcare monitoring system for sedentary workers. The proposed piezoresistive pressure sensor exhibited exceptional sensing performances with high sensitivity (147.74 kPa-1), an ultrawide detection range (22 Pa to 1.42 MPa), and reliable stability (over 3000 cycles). Furthermore, the obtained sensor displayed superior capability in detecting various human motion signals. Based on the 4 × 4 sensing array and multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm model, a smart cushion was developed to recognize five types of sitting postures and supply timely reminders to sedentary workers. The piezoresistive sponge pressure sensor proposed in this study reveals promising potential in the fields of wearable electronics, healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Guanya Zhou
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Mugen Peng
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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Sun T, Feng B, Huo J, Xiao Y, Wang W, Peng J, Li Z, Du C, Wang W, Zou G, Liu L. Artificial Intelligence Meets Flexible Sensors: Emerging Smart Flexible Sensing Systems Driven by Machine Learning and Artificial Synapses. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 37955844 PMCID: PMC10643743 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent wave of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society. As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals, flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system, which is capable of highly efficient acquisition, analysis, and even perception of vast, multifaceted data. While challenging from a manual perspective, the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm (machine learning) and the framework (artificial synapses) level. This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven, intelligent flexible sensing systems. The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced. The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed, which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems, soft/humanoid robotics, and human activity monitoring. As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century, the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Huo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of PR China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Liu H, Zhang Q, Yang N, Jiang X, Wang F, Yan X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cheng T. Ti 3C 2T x MXene Paper-Based Wearable and Degradable Pressure Sensor for Human Motion Detection and Encrypted Information Transmission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44554-44562. [PMID: 37695309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based flexible sensors are of great significance for promoting the development of green wearable electronic devices due to their good degradability and low cost. In this work, a paper-based wearable pressure sensor with a sandwich structure is proposed, which is assembled from a sensing layer printed with Ti3C2Tx MXene ink, an interdigitated electrode printed in the same simple and economical way, and two polyethylene terephthalate films. The demonstrated paper-based pressure sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity in a wide pressure sensing range, as well as cyclic stability at a certain pressure. The sensor can be attached to the human body's surface to monitor various pressure-related physical activities. Using a self-designed mobile phone APP, the special pressure signals collected from the sensor can be transmitted and translated, and an intelligent and encrypted information transmission system can be established. Since only ordinary printing paper and Ti3C2Tx MXene ink are used, the pressure sensor is easy to prepare, economical, and environmentally friendly, and it can be degraded by stirring in water without generating electronic waste. It can be foreseen that the proposed sensor shows bright application potential in the sustainable development of healthcare and human-computer interaction fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuezheng Jiang
- Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuenan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tonglei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Hsieh GW, Chien CY. Wearable Capacitive Tactile Sensor Based on Porous Dielectric Composite of Polyurethane and Silver Nanowire. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3816. [PMID: 37765670 PMCID: PMC10535873 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the implementation of wearable and biocompatible tactile sensing elements with sufficient response into healthcare, medical detection, and electronic skin/amputee prosthetics has been an intriguing but challenging quest. Here, we propose a flexible all-polyurethane capacitive tactile sensor that utilizes a salt crystal-templated porous elastomeric framework filling with silver nanowire as the composite dielectric material, sandwiched by a set of polyurethane films covering silver nanowire networks as electrodes. With the aids of these cubic air pores and conducting nanowires, the fabricated capacitive tactile sensor provides pronounced enhancement of both sensor compressibility and effective relative dielectric permittivity across a broad pressure regime (from a few Pa to tens of thousands of Pa). The fabricated silver nanowire-porous polyurethane sensor presents a sensitivity improvement of up to 4-60 times as compared to a flat polyurethane device. An ultrasmall external stimulus as light as 3 mg, equivalent to an applied pressure of ∼0.3 Pa, can also be clearly recognized. Our all-polyurethane capacitive tactile sensor based on a porous dielectric framework hybrid with conducting nanowire reveals versatile potential applications in physiological activity detection, arterial pulse monitoring, and spatial pressure distribution, paving the way for wearable electronics and artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Wen Hsieh
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Gaofa 3rd Road, Section 2, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Chien
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Section 2, Gaofa 3rd Road, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
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Seesaard T, Wongchoosuk C. Flexible and Stretchable Pressure Sensors: From Basic Principles to State-of-the-Art Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1638. [PMID: 37630177 PMCID: PMC10456594 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising technologies for the next generation of electronic devices. These advancements offer numerous advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, bio-integrated circuits, and light weight, enabling new possibilities in diverse applications, including e-textiles, smart lenses, healthcare technologies, smart manufacturing, consumer electronics, and smart wearable devices. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to flexible and stretchable pressure sensors due to their potential integration with medical and healthcare devices for monitoring human activity and biological signals, such as heartbeat, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and muscle activity. This review comprehensively covers all aspects of recent developments in flexible and stretchable pressure sensors. It encompasses fundamental principles, force/pressure-sensitive materials, fabrication techniques for low-cost and high-performance pressure sensors, investigations of sensing mechanisms (piezoresistivity, capacitance, piezoelectricity), and state-of-the-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Seesaard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi 71190, Thailand;
| | - Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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10
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Zhao T, Zhu H, Zhang H. Rapid Prototyping Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Porous Electrodes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050546. [PMID: 37232907 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are widely applied in tactile perception, fingerprint recognition, medical monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and the Internet of Things. Among them, flexible capacitive pressure sensors have the advantages of low energy consumption, slight signal drift, and high response repeatability. However, current research on flexible capacitive pressure sensors focuses on optimizing the dielectric layer for improved sensitivity and pressure response range. Moreover, complicated and time-consuming fabrication methods are commonly applied to generate microstructure dielectric layers. Here, we propose a rapid and straightforward fabrication approach to prototyping flexible capacitive pressure sensors based on porous electrodes. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced on both sides of the polyimide paper, resulting in paired compressible electrodes with 3D porous structures. When the elastic LIG electrodes are compressed, the effective electrode area, the relative distance between electrodes, and the dielectric property vary accordingly, thereby generating a sensitive pressure sensor in a relatively large working range (0-9.6 kPa). The sensitivity of the sensor is up to 7.71%/kPa-1, and it can detect pressure as small as 10 Pa. The simple and robust structure allows the sensor to produce quick and repeatable responses. Our pressure sensor exhibits broad potential in practical applications in health monitoring, given its outstanding comprehensive performance combined with its simple and quick fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huichao Zhu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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11
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Wang Z, Xiao C, Roy M, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Guo X, Lu P. Bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1196174. [PMID: 37229496 PMCID: PMC10203386 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1196174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress of interdisciplinary researches from materials science, biotechnologies, biomedical engineering, and medicine, have resulted in the emerging of bioinspired skins for various fantasticating applications. Bioinspired skin is highly promising in the application of rehabilitation medicine owing to their advantages, including personalization, excellent biocompatibility, multi-functionality, easy maintainability and wearability, and mass production. Therefore, this review presents the recent progress of bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. The classification is first briefly introduced. Then, various applications of bioinspired skins in the field of rehabilitation medicine at home and abroad are discussed in detail. Last, we provide the challenges we are facing now, and propose the next research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhiyao Yuan
- SanQuan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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12
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Lai QT, Zhao XH, Sun QJ, Tang Z, Tang XG, Roy VAL. Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300283. [PMID: 36965088 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human-machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Teng Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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13
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Li QF, Chen X, Wang H, Liu M, Peng HL. Pt/MXene-Based Flexible Wearable Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor for Continuous Glucose Detection in Sweat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13290-13298. [PMID: 36862063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable non-invasive sensors facilitate the continuous measurement of glucose in sweat for the treatment and management of diabetes. However, the catalysis of glucose and sweat sampling are challenges in the development of efficient wearable glucose sensors. Herein, we report a flexible wearable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for continuous glucose detection in sweat. We synthesized a catalyst (Pt/MXene) by the hybridization of Pt nanoparticles onto MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets with a broad linear range of glucose detection (0-8 mmol/L) under neutral conditions. Furthermore, we optimized the structure of the sensor by immobilizing Pt/MXene with a conductive hydrogel to enhance the stability of the sensor. Based on Pt/MXene and the optimized structure, we fabricated a flexible wearable glucose sensor by integrating a microfluidic patch for sweat collection onto a flexible sensor. We evaluated the utility of the sensor for the detection of glucose in sweat, and the sensor could detect the glucose change with the replenishment and consumption of energy by the body, and a similar trend was observed in the blood. An in vivo glucose test in sweat indicated that the fabricated sensor is promising for the continuous measurement of glucose, which is essential for the treatment and management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, College of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, School of Electronic and Information Engineering/School of Integrated Circuits, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen S, Huang W. A review related to MXene preparation and its sensor arrays of electronic skins. Analyst 2023; 148:435-453. [PMID: 36468668 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MXenes have been flourishing over the last decade as a high-performance 2D material, which combines the advantages of high electrical conductivity, photothermal conversion, and easy dispersion. They have been used to create soft, highly conductive, self-healing, and tactile-simulating electronic skins (E-skins). However, these E-skins remain generally limited to one or two functions with a complex preparation process. Next-generation E-skins necessitate not only large-scale fabrication using simple and fast methods but also the integration of multiple sensing functions and signal analysis components in order to provide functionality that was not unattainable in the past. Starting with the synthesis of pure MXenes, we walk through the steps of designing MXene sensors, integrating electronic skin arrays, and determining the function of MXene-based electronic skins. We also summarise the problems with existing MXene-based E-skins and possible futuristic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Chen
- Chengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Huang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Mishra S, Mohanty S, Ramadoss A. Functionality of Flexible Pressure Sensors in Cardiovascular Health Monitoring: A Review. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2495-2520. [PMID: 36036627 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As the highest percentage of global mortality is caused by several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), maintenance and monitoring of a healthy cardiovascular condition have become the primary concern of each and every individual. Simultaneously, recent progress and advances in wearable pressure sensor technology have provided many pathways to monitor and detect underlying cardiovascular illness in terms of irregularities in heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation. These pressure sensors can be comfortably attached onto human skin or can be implanted on the surface of vascular grafts for uninterrupted monitoring of arterial blood pressure. While the traditional monitoring systems are time-consuming, expensive, and not user-friendly, flexible sensor technology has emerged as a promising and dynamic practice to collect important health information at a comparatively low cost in a reliable and user-friendly way. This Review explores the importance and necessity of cardiovascular health monitoring while emphasizing the role of flexible pressure sensors in monitoring patients' health conditions to avoid adverse effects. A comprehensive discussion on the current research progress along with the real-time impact and accessibility of pressure sensors developed for cardiovascular health monitoring applications has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvrajyoti Mishra
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
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16
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Ren M, Sun Z, Zhang M, Yang X, Guo D, Dong S, Dhakal R, Yao Z, Li Y, Kim NY. A high-performance wearable pressure sensor based on an MXene/PVP composite nanofiber membrane for health monitoring. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3987-3995. [PMID: 36133328 PMCID: PMC9470067 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention in domains, such as electronic skin, medical monitoring and human-machine interaction. However, developing a pressure sensor with high sensitivity, mechanical stability and a wide detection range remains a huge challenge. In this work, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor, based on a Ti3C2T x (MXene)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofiber membrane (CNM), prepared via an efficient electrospinning process, is presented. The experimental results show that even a small mass fraction of MXene can effectively decrease the compression modulus of the PVP nanofiber membrane, thus enhancing the sensing performance. Specifically, the sensor based on (0.1 wt% MXene)/PVP CNM has a high sensitivity (0.5 kPa-1 at 0-1.5 kPa), a fast response/recovery time (45/45 ms), a wide pressure detection range (0-200 kPa), a low detection limit (∼9 Pa) and an excellent mechanical stability (8000 cycles). Due to its superior performance, the sensor can monitor subtle changes in human physiology and other signals, such as pulse, respiration, human joint motions and airflow. In addition, a 4 × 4 sensor array is fabricated that can accurately map the shape and position of objects with good resolution. The high-performance flexible pressure sensor, as developed in this work, shows good application prospects in advanced human-computer interface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Ren
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Zhongsen Sun
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Dedong Guo
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shuheng Dong
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Rajendra Dhakal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
| | - Zhao Yao
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- College of Electronic and Information, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Nam Young Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Korea
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17
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He J, Shi F, Liu Q, Pang Y, He D, Sun W, Peng L, Yang J, Qu M. Wearable superhydrophobic PPy/MXene pressure sensor based on cotton fabric with superior sensitivity for human detection and information transmission. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Gunasekaran HB, Ponnan S, Zheng Y, Laroui A, Wang H, Wu L, Wang J. Facile Fabrication of Highly Sensitive Thermoplastic Polyurethane Sensors with Surface- and Interface-Impregnated 3D Conductive Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22615-22625. [PMID: 35506598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to develop a practical, scalable, and highly conductive flexible 3D printed piezoresistive sensor with low filler content. Here, we introduced a fused deposition modeling 3D printing combined in situ spray-coating technique to develop a conductive sensor in a single shot. The graphene suspension is sprayed over each layer during the 3D printing of the sensor, which helps develop a conductive network on the surface and at the interface of the printed system. Graphene deposited on the overall surface is often affected by nanoparticle delamination and loses its function over time. To avoid this, the prepared samples are subjected to foaming. The foaming process created a low-mass-density sensor by forming a microcellular structure, and the surface-deposited graphene is embedded well on the TPU surface. The method followed in this work reveals a stable and connected conduction path with excellent electrical resistance and resistance against harsh conditions (exposure to organic solvents). Besides, the compression sensor withstood its sensitivity over a severe compressive strain of 80% and showed a GF of 1.82 and a sensitivity of 2.316 kPa-1. The conductive network path varied based on the infill pattern, affecting its electrical sensitivity. The wiggle pattern shows good resistance; under stretching, the pattern generated a higher current and showed a delayed conductive path disconnection than other patterns. Thus, the embedded graphene/TPU conductive sensors show good stability and promising sensitivity. Furthermore, the developed sensor is used to monitor human motion and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bhuvaneswari Gunasekaran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sathiyanathan Ponnan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab for Sport Shoes Upper Materials of Fujian Province, Fujian Huafeng New Materials Co., Ltd., Putian, Fujian 351164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Abdelatif Laroui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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19
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Li Y, Cui Y, Zhang M, Li X, Li R, Si W, Sun Q, Yu L, Huang C. Ultrasensitive Pressure Sensor Sponge Using Liquid Metal Modulated Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2817-2825. [PMID: 35333055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable pressure sensors are crucial for real-time monitoring of human activities and biomimetic robot status. Here, the ultrasensitive pressure sensor sponge is prepared by a facile method, realizing ultrasensitive pressure sensing for wearable health monitoring. Since the liquid metal in the sponge-skeleton structure under pressure is conducive to adjust the contact area with nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets and thus facilitates the charge transfer at the interface, such sensors exhibit a fast response and recovery speed with the response/recovery time 0.41/0.12 s and a comprehensive response range with a sensitivity of up to 476 KPa-1. Notably, the liquid metal-based spongy pressure sensor can accurately monitor the human body's pulse, the pressure on the skin, throat swallowing, and other activities in real time, demonstrating a broad application prospect. Those results provide a convenient and low-cost way to fabricate easily perceptible pressure sensors, expanded the application potential of liquid metal-based composites for future electronic skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanguang Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
| | - Wenyan Si
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanhu Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingmin Yu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, P.R. of China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Hsieh GW, Shih LC, Chen PY. Porous Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Hybrid with Zinc Oxide Nanowire for Wearable, Wide-Range, and Low Detection Limit Capacitive Pressure Sensor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:256. [PMID: 35055273 PMCID: PMC8779111 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose a flexible capacitive pressure sensor that utilizes porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with zinc oxide nanowire as nanocomposite dielectric layer via a simple porogen-assisted process. With the incorporation of nanowires into the porous elastomer, our capacitive pressure sensor is not only highly responsive to subtle stimuli but vigorously so to gentle touch and verbal stimulation from 0 to 50 kPa. The fabricated zinc oxide nanowire-porous polydimethylsiloxane sensor exhibits superior sensitivity of 0.717 kPa-1, 0.360 kPa-1, and 0.200 kPa-1 at the pressure regimes of 0-50 Pa, 50-1000 Pa, and 1000-3000 Pa, respectively, presenting an approximate enhancement by 21-100 times when compared to that of a flat polydimethylsiloxane device. The nanocomposite dielectric layer also reveals an ultralow detection limit of 1.0 Pa, good stability, and durability after 4000 loading-unloading cycles, making it capable of perception of various human motions, such as finger bending, calligraphy writing, throat vibration, and airflow blowing. A proof-of-concept trial in hydrostatic water pressure sensing has been demonstrated with the proposed sensors, which can detect tiny changes in water pressure and may be helpful for underwater sensing research. This work brings out the efficacy of constructing wearable capacitive pressure sensors based on a porous dielectric hybrid with stress-sensitive nanostructures, providing wide prospective applications in wearable electronics, health monitoring, and smart artificial robotics/prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Wen Hsieh
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Section 2, Gaofa 3rd Road, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Cheng Shih
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Gaofa 3rd Road, Section 2, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan; (L.-C.S.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Pei-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301, Gaofa 3rd Road, Section 2, Guiren District, Tainan 71150, Taiwan; (L.-C.S.); (P.-Y.C.)
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21
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Mechanical sensors based on two-dimensional materials: Sensing mechanisms, structural designs and wearable applications. iScience 2022; 25:103728. [PMID: 35072014 PMCID: PMC8762477 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with bulk materials, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals possess a range of unique mechanical properties, including relatively high in-plane stiffness and large bending flexibility. The atomic 2D building blocks can be reassembled into precisely designed heterogeneous composite structures of various geometries with customized mechanical sensing behaviors. Due to their small specific density, high flexibility, and environmental adaptability, mechanical sensors based on 2D materials can conform to soft and curved surfaces, thus providing suitable solutions for functional applications in future wearable devices. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in mechanical sensors based on 2D materials from the perspective of function-oriented applications. First, typical mechanical sensing mechanisms are introduced. Second, we attempt to establish a correspondence between typical structure designs and the performance/multi-functions of the devices. Afterward, several particularly promising areas for potential applications are discussed, following which we present perspectives on current challenges and future opportunities
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22
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Wu Z, Wei L, Tang S, Xiong Y, Qin X, Luo J, Fang J, Wang X. Recent Progress in Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18880-18894. [PMID: 34870416 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of consumer electronics, artificial intelligence, and clinical medicine generates an increasing demand for flexible pressure sensors, whose performance depends significantly on sensitive materials with high flexibility and proper conductivity. MXene, a type of 2D nanomaterial, has attracted extensive attention due to its good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and flexibility. The synthesis methods for MXenes make it relatively easy to control their microstructure and surface termination groups. Hence, MXenes can obtain peculiar microstructures and facilely combine with other functional materials, making them promising prospects for use in flexible pressure sensors. In this Review, recent advances in MXenes are summarized, mainly focusing on the synthesis methods and their application in flexible pressure sensors. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions for future development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lansheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yutong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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23
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Kim J, Jung H, Kim M, Bae H, Lee Y. Conductive Polymer Composites for Soft Tactile Sensors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Zeng Y, Wu W. Synthesis of 2D Ti 3C 2T x MXene and MXene-based composites for flexible strain and pressure sensors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:893-906. [PMID: 34611677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As an important device in flexible and wearable microelectronics, flexible sensors have gained a lot of attention due to their wide application in human motion monitoring, human-computer interactions and healthcare fields. The preparation of flexible sensors with superior sensing performance and a simple process is still a challenging goal pursued by scientific researchers all over the world. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene material, having the characteristics of high metallic conductivity, good flexibility, excellent dispersibility and hydrophilicity, is suitable for flexible sensors as a conductive sensing material. In this review, the preparation strategies of Ti3C2Tx are summarized. Combined with its research progress in flexible sensors, the preparation methods, sensing performance, working mechanism and applications of Ti3C2Tx flexible sensors with different device architectures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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