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Miki K, Oe M, Suzuki K, Miki K, Mu H, Kato Y, Iwatake M, Yukawa H, Baba Y, Ueda Y, Mori Y, Ohe K. Dual-responsive near-infrared turn-on fluorescent probe for cancer stem cell-specific visualization. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6959-6967. [PMID: 38913327 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) stands out as one of the most reliable intracellular biomarkers for stem cells because it is expressed in both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and normal somatic stem cells (NSCs). Although several turn-on fluorescent probes for ALDH1A1 have been developed to visualize CSCs in cancer cells, the discrimination of CSCs from NSCs is difficult. We here report an AND-type dual-responsive fluorescent probe, CHO_βgal, the near-infrared fluorescence of which can be turned on after responding to both ALDH1A1 and β-galactosidase. The AND-type dual responsiveness enables CSCs to be clearly visualized, whereas NSCs are non-emissive in microscopy. CSC-positive metastasis model lungs were successfully discriminated from normal lungs in ex vivo staining experiments using CHO_βgal, whereas the single-input ALDH1A1-responsive probe failed to achieve this discrimination owing to pronounced false-positive fluorescence output from lung NSCs. In tissue slice staining experiments, even in the presence of adjacent normal tissues, the peripheral region-specific localization of CSCs was clear. The versatility of CHO_βgal holds promise not only as a fundamental in vitro research tool for visualizing CSCs but also as a valuable asset in practical tissue staining diagnosis, significantly contributing to the assessment of cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Oe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kanae Suzuki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Koki Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Huiying Mu
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Kato
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwatake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 265-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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2
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Martin A, Rivera-Fuentes P. Fluorogenic polymethine dyes by intramolecular cyclization. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102444. [PMID: 38520774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging plays a pivotal role in the study of biological processes, and cell-permeable fluorogenic dyes are crucial to visualize intracellular structures with high specificity. Polymethine dyes are vitally important fluorophores in single-molecule localization microscopy and in vivo imaging, but their use in live cells has been limited by high background fluorescence and low membrane permeability. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of fluorogenic polymethine dyes via intramolecular cyclization. Finally, we offer an outlook on the prospects of fluorogenic polymethine dyes for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Wills R, Shirke R, Hrncir H, Talbott JM, Sad K, Spangle JM, Gracz AD, Raj M. Tunable fluorescent probes for detecting aldehydes in living systems. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4763-4769. [PMID: 38550703 PMCID: PMC10966992 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes, pervasive in various environments, pose health risks at elevated levels due to their collective toxic effects via shared mechanisms. Monitoring total aldehyde content in living systems is crucial due to their cumulative impact. Current methods for detecting cellular aldehydes are limited to UV and visible ranges, restricting their analysis in living systems. This study introduces an innovative reaction-based trigger that leverages the exceptional selectivity of 2-aminothiophenol for aldehydes, leading to the production of dihydrobenzothiazole and activating a fluorescence response. Using this trigger, we developed a series of fluorescent probes for aldehydes by altering the fluorophore allowing for excitation and emission wavelengths across the visible to near-infrared spectral regions without compromising the reactivity of the bioorthogonal moiety. These probes exhibit remarkable aldehyde chemoselectivity, rapid kinetics, and high quantum yields, enabling the detection of diverse aldehyde types, both exogenous and endogenous, within complex biological contexts. Notably, we employed the most red-shifted near-infrared probe from this series to detect aldehydes in living systems, including biliary organoids and mouse organs. These probes provide valuable tools for exploring the multifaceted roles of aldehydes in biological functions and diseases within living systems, laying the groundwork for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Rajendra Shirke
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Hannah Hrncir
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - John M Talbott
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Kirti Sad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Adam D Gracz
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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4
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Iqbal H, Ilyas K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Hussain A, Iqbal J. Real-time fluorescent monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8837-8870. [PMID: 38495994 PMCID: PMC10941266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate landscape of advanced fluorescent probes crafted for the detection and real-time monitoring of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Employing state-of-the-art technologies, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and solid-state luminescence enhancement, this article unfolds a multifaceted approach to unraveling the dynamics of enzymatic processes within living systems. This encompassing study involves the development and application of a diverse range of fluorescent probes, each intricately designed with tailored mechanisms to heighten sensitivity, providing dynamic insights into phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding the role of phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in these pathophysiological processes, is essential for both medical research and clinical practice. This knowledge can guide the development of approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat a broad spectrum of diseases and conditions. This adaptability underscores their potential clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. Noteworthy are the trifunctional fluorogenic probes, uniquely designed not only for fluorescence-based cellular imaging but also for the isolation of cellular glycosidases. This innovative feature opens novel avenues for comprehensive studies in enzyme biology, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions. The research accentuates the selectivity and specificity of the probes, showcasing their proficiency in distinguishing various enzymes and their isoforms. The sophisticated design and successful deployment of these fluorescent probes mark significant advancements in enzymology, providing powerful tools for both researchers and clinicians. Beyond their immediate applications, these probes offer illuminating insights into disease mechanisms, facilitating early detection, and catalyzing the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. This work represents a substantial leap forward in the field, promising transformative implications for understanding and addressing complex biological processes. In essence, this research heralds a new era in the development of fluorescent probes, presenting a comprehensive and innovative approach that not only expands the understanding of cellular enzyme activities but also holds great promise for practical applications in clinical settings and therapeutic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ilyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22044 Pakistan
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Wang Q, Li Z, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe with a New Recognition Moiety for Specific Detection and Imaging of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Expecting the Identification and Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17328-17333. [PMID: 36453832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a vital enzyme that converts aldehyde to acetic acid during alcohol metabolism. ALDH is also a cellular marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Therefore, there is a need to explore convenient, selective, and sensitive methods for the detection and imaging of ALDH. Because of the low background fluorescence and high penetration, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are powerful tools for the detection of ALDH. Until now, only one NIR fluorescent probe has been reported for detecting ALDH. Hence, we synthesized a novel NIR fluorescent probe, Probe-ALDH, by linking the new specific recognition moiety 4-hydroxymethyl benzaldehyde with NIR fluorophore AXPI. Compared with the existing ALDH fluorescent probes, Probe-ALDH has excellent properties, such as a new specific recognition moiety without the substitution of benzaldehyde, a simple synthesis method, emission wavelength in the NIR region, reaction time of only 30 min, and a detection limit as low as 0.03 U·mL-1, which is better than those of the previously reported probes. The probe effectively eliminates the interference from reactive oxygen species (ROS), amino acids, and amines. More importantly, the flow cytometry results showed that Probe-ALDH has great potential applications in the identification and isolation of CSCs. Ultimately, it was successfully applied to the imaging analysis of endogenous ALDH in HepG2 cells by the addition of inhibitor disulfiram. The excellent performance of Probe-ALDH makes it a promising candidate for drug discovery, cancer diagnosis, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yitong Hao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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6
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Qi S, He X, Zhang S, Xu P, Su M, Dong B, Song B. Turn-off near-infrared fluorescent probe for free bilirubin detection constructed by enhanced excimer emission. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Oe M, Suzuki K, Miki K, Mu H, Ohe K. Steric Control in Activator-Induced Nucleophilic Quencher Detachment-Based Probes: High-Contrast Imaging of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 in Cancer Stem Cells. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200319. [PMID: 36416250 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Turn-on fluorescence probes can visualize the enzyme activity with high contrast. We have established a new turn-on mechanism, activator-induced nucleophilic quencher detachment (AiQd), and developed AiQd-based turn-on fluorescence probes for the detection of enzymes. Herein, we demonstrate that the precise steric control efficiently quenches the fluorescence of AiQd-based turn-on probes before the enzymatic transformation. Theoretical calculation appropriately predicted the ratio of the fluorescence-quenched closed-ring form of probes. βC5S-A, which has a sterically demanding methyl group at the β-position of a fluorescence-quenching nucleophilic mercapto group, showed a low background signal. βC5S-A responded to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) with high selectivity, thereby enabling high-contrast live imaging of cancer stem cells (signal-to-noise ratio >10). The ALDH1A1-responsiveness of βC5S-A was not significantly affected by amino acids and biological thiols, such as cysteine and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanae Suzuki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Huiying Mu
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Recent advances in turn off-on fluorescence sensing strategies for sensitive biochemical analysis - A mechanistic approach. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Oe M, Miki K, Masuda A, Nogita K, Ohe K. An activator-induced quencher-detachment-based turn-on probe with a cationic substrate moiety for acetylcholinesterase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1510-1513. [PMID: 34874369 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a choline ester-grafted turn-on fluorescence probe to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in living cells. The AChE-mediated hydrolysis of the choline ester moiety producing carboxylate initiates the activation of the Cy5 fluorophore quenched by an intramolecular nucleophilic mercapto group. The probe has the advantages of high AChE affinity and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Oe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Akito Masuda
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kohei Nogita
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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