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Hlavatsch M, Mizaikoff B. Advanced mid-infrared lightsources above and beyond lasers and their analytical utility. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1125-1139. [PMID: 35780446 PMCID: PMC9420685 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range, a series of applications have successfully been shown in the fields of sensing, security and defense, energy conservation, and communications. In particular, rapid and recent developments in MIR light sources have significantly increased the interest in developing MIR optical systems, sensors, and diagnostics especially for chem/bio detection schemes and molecular analytical application scenarios. In addition to the advancements in optoelectronic light sources, and especially quantum and interband cascade lasers (QCLs, ICLs) largely driving the increasing interest in the MIR regime, also thermal emitters and light emitting diodes (LEDs) offer opportunities to alternatively fill current gaps in spectral coverage specifically with analytical applications and chem/bio sensing/diagnostics in the focus. As MIR laser technology has been broadly covered in a variety of articles, the present review aims at summarizing recent developments in MIR non-laser light sources highlighting their analytical utility in the MIR wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hlavatsch
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Hahn-Schickard, Institute for Microanalysis Systems, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077, Ulm, Germany.
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Heßler A, Wahl S, Leuteritz T, Antonopoulos A, Stergianou C, Schön CF, Naumann L, Eicker N, Lewin M, Maß TWW, Wuttig M, Linden S, Taubner T. In 3SbTe 2 as a programmable nanophotonics material platform for the infrared. Nat Commun 2021; 12:924. [PMID: 33568636 PMCID: PMC7876017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high dielectric optical contrast between the amorphous and crystalline structural phases of non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) provides a promising route towards tuneable nanophotonic devices. Here, we employ the next-generation PCM In3SbTe2 (IST) whose optical properties change from dielectric to metallic upon crystallization in the whole infrared spectral range. This distinguishes IST as a switchable infrared plasmonic PCM and enables a programmable nanophotonics material platform. We show how resonant metallic nanostructures can be directly written, modified and erased on and below the meta-atom level in an IST thin film by a pulsed switching laser, facilitating direct laser writing lithography without need for cumbersome multi-step nanofabrication. With this technology, we demonstrate large resonance shifts of nanoantennas of more than 4 µm, a tuneable mid-infrared absorber with nearly 90% absorptance as well as screening and nanoscale “soldering” of metallic nanoantennas. Our concepts can empower improved designs of programmable nanophotonic devices for telecommunications, (bio)sensing and infrared optics, e.g. programmable infrared detectors, emitters and reconfigurable holograms. Here, the authors introduce In3SbTe2 (IST) as a programmable material platform for plasmonics and nanophotonics in the infrared. They demonstrate direct optical writing, modifying and erasing of metallic crystalline IST nanoantennas, tuning their resonances, as well as nanoscale screening and soldering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heßler
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sophia Wahl
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Leuteritz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lukas Naumann
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Eicker
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Lewin
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias W W Maß
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Linden
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Taubner
- Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Huseyinoglu E, Özgür E, Bakan G, Ortaç B, Dana A. Permanent tuning of optical resonant modes of chalcogenide-coated microresonators. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4814-4820. [PMID: 32543474 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide materials are promising for optical resonant mode tuning of whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators due to their high nonlinearity. In this study, this phenomenon was demonstrated for Ge2Sb2Te5-coated toroidal microresonators using an optical postprocess, which utilizes the intrinsically photosensitive property of the Ge2Sb2Te5 coating. A signal laser was used to illuminate the resonator for permanent tuning of the WGMs in a sensitive manner. 0.01 nm and 0.02 nm permanent tuning of the WGMs was recorded for 5 nm and 10 nm coated resonators, respectively. This technique enables resonance matching of coupled optical resonators, which could pave the way for optoelectronic circuitries employing multiple optical microresonators.
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Kim J, Jang Y, Kim NJ, Kim H, Yi GC, Shin Y, Kim MH, Yoon S. Study of Chemical Enhancement Mechanism in Non-plasmonic Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Front Chem 2019; 7:582. [PMID: 31482089 PMCID: PMC6710363 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been intensively investigated during the past decades for its enormous electromagnetic field enhancement near the nanoscale metallic surfaces. Chemical enhancement of SERS, however, remains rather elusive despite intensive research efforts, mainly due to the relatively complex enhancing factors and inconsistent experimental results. To study details of chemical enhancement mechanism, we prepared various low dimensional semiconductor substrates such as ZnO and GaN that were fabricated via metal organic chemical vapor deposition process. We used three kinds of molecules (4-MPY, 4-MBA, 4-ATP) as analytes to measure SERS spectra under non-plasmonic conditions to understand charge transfer mechanisms between a substrate and analyte molecules leading to chemical enhancement. We observed that there is a preferential route for charge transfer responsible for chemical enhancement, that is, there exists a dominant enhancement process in non-plasmonic SERS. To further confirm our idea of charge transfer mechanism, we used a combination of 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide substrates and analyte molecules. We also observed significant enhancement of Raman signal from molecules adsorbed on 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide surface that is completely consistent with our previous results. We also discuss crucial factors for increasing enhancement factors for chemical enhancement without involving plasmonic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heehun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Chul Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yukyung Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokhyun Yoon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Toudert J, Serna R, Pardo MG, Ramos N, Peláez RJ, Maté B. Mid-to-far infrared tunable perfect absorption by a sub - λ/100 nanofilm in a fractal phasor resonant cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:34043-34059. [PMID: 30650834 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrating an absorbing thin film into a resonant cavity is the most practical way to achieve perfect absorption of light at a selected wavelength in the mid-to-far infrared, as required to target blackbody radiation or molecular fingerprints. The cavity is designed to resonate and enable perfect absorption in the film at the chosen wavelength λ. However, in current state-of-the-art designs, a still large absorbing film thickness (∼λ/50) is needed and tuning the perfect absorption wavelength over a broad range requires changing the cavity materials. Here, we introduce a new resonant cavity concept to achieve perfect absorption of infrared light in much thinner and thus, really nanoscale films, with a broad wavelength tenability by using a single set of cavity materials. It requires a nanofilm with giant refractive index and small extinction coefficient (found in emerging semi-metals, semi-conductors and topological insulators) backed by a transparent spacer and a metal mirror. The nanofilm acts both as absorber and multiple reflector for the internal cavity waves, which after escaping follow a fractal phasor trajectory. This enables a totally destructive optical interference for a nanofilm thickness more than 2 orders of magnitude smaller than λ. With this remarkable effect, we demonstrate angle-insensitive perfect absorption in sub - λ/100 bismuth nanofilms, at a wavelength tunable from 3 to 20 μm.
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Tian J, Li Q, Lu J, Qiu M. Reconfigurable all-dielectric antenna-based metasurface driven by multipolar resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23918-23925. [PMID: 30184886 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoantenna-based metasurfaces have attracted wide attention for their outstanding performance in light manipulation with low loss and full phase coverage enabled by multipolar resonances. To make the metasurfaces actively tunable, we adopt a kind of phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 to construct non-volatile, switchable antenna-based metasurfaces in the mid-infrared spectrum region. Our design of the metasurface can realize switching between electric and magnetic dipole resonances across a broad spectrum region through crystalline-amorphous phase transitions under fixed design. Moreover, the transmission switching contrast between different phases can be up to 30dB (-30dB), due to the shift of multipolar resonances. This reconfigurable antenna-based metasurface will pave the way for ultimate design of light modulators, deflectors, holograms and so on for future optical communication networks.
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Gong Y, Wang Z, Li K, Uggalla L, Huang J, Copner N, Zhou Y, Qiao D, Zhu J. Highly efficient and broadband mid-infrared metamaterial thermal emitter for optical gas sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4537-4540. [PMID: 29088207 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of a novel, cost-effective, and highly efficient mid-infrared light source has been identified as a major scientific and technological goal within the area of optical gas sensing. We have proposed and investigated a mid-infrared metamaterial thermal emitter based on micro-structured chromium thin film. The results demonstrate that the proposed thermal light source supports broadband and wide angular absorption of both TE- and TM-polarized light, giving rise to broadband thermal radiation with averaged emissivity of ∼0.94 in a mid-infrared atmospheric window of 8-14 μm. The proposed microphotonic concept provides a promising alternative mid-infrared source and paves the way towards novel optical gas sensing platforms for many applications.
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