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Huynh MT, Buchanan E, Chirayil S, Adebesin AM, Kovacs Z. StereoPHIP: Stereoselective Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311669. [PMID: 37714818 PMCID: PMC10842948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) followed by polarization transfer to 13 C is a rapidly developing technique for the generation of 13 C-hyperpolarized substrates. Chirality plays an essential role in living systems and differential metabolism of enantiomeric pairs of metabolic substrates is well documented. Inspired by asymmetric hydrogenation, here we report stereoPHIP, which involves the addition of parahydrogen to a prochiral substrate with a chiral catalyst followed by polarization transfer to 13 C spins. We demonstrate that parahydrogen could be rapidly added to the prochiral precursor to both enantiomers of lactic acid (D and L), with both the (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers of a chiral rhodium(I) catalyst to afford highly 13 C-hyperpolarized (over 20 %) L- and D-lactate ester derivatives, respectively, with excellent stereoselectivity. We also show that the hyperpolarized 1 H signal decays obtained with the (R,R) and (S,S) catalysts were markedly different. StereoPHIP expands the scope of conventional PHIP to the production of 13 C hyperpolarized chiral substrates with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Huynh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Emily Buchanan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Singh J, Suh EH, Sharma G, Chen J, Hackett EP, Wen X, Sherry AD, Khemtong C, Malloy CR, Park JM, Kovacs Z. 13C-Labeled Diethyl Ketoglutarate Derivatives as Hyperpolarized Probes of 2-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Activity. ANALYSIS & SENSING 2021; 1:156-160. [PMID: 35669533 PMCID: PMC9165698 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The TCA cycle is a central metabolic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis. A major control point of metabolic flux through the cycle is the decarboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate by the TCA cycle enzyme 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-KGDH). In this project, we developed 13C labeled 2-ketoglutarate derivatives to monitor 2-KGDH activity in vivo. 13C NMR analysis of liver extracts revealed that uniformly 13C labeled 2-ketogutarate, in its cell permeable ester form, was rapidly taken up and hydrolyzed in liver and underwent extensive metabolism to produce labeled glutamate, succinate, lactate and other metabolites. Diethyl [1,2-13C2]-2-ketoglutarate was successfully polarized by dynamic nuclear polarization and within seconds after injection into rats, the probe produced hyperpolarized [13C]bicarbonate in the liver reflecting flux through the TCA cycle. These experiments demonstrate that this tracer offers the possibility of directly monitoring flux through 2-KGDH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Edward P Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas South-western Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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3
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Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110751. [PMID: 34822409 PMCID: PMC8623827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers.
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Tumor Microenvironment Biosensors for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:323-334. [PMID: 33415679 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of a carbon-13 molecule via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) involves polarization at low temperature, followed by a dissolution procedure producing a solution with highly polarized spins at room temperature. This dissolution DNP method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over 10,000-fold and facilitates the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to image not only metabolism but also the extracellular microenvironment. The extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interacts with tumor cells and stimulates their growth and metastasis. Thus, the ability to detect pathological changes in the TME is pivotal for the detection and study of cancers. This review highlights the potential use of MRS to study features of the TME-elevated export of lactate, reduced interstitial pH, imbalanced redox equilibrium, and altered metal homeostasis. The promising outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo assays suggest that DNP-MRS may be a useful technique to study aspects of the TME. With continued improvements, this tool has the potential to study the TME and provide guidance for accurate patient stratification and precise personal therapy. Graphical Abstract.
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Wang Q, Parish C, Niedbalski P, Ratnakar J, Kovacs Z, Lumata L. Hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP complex as a chemical shift-based NMR sensor for pH at the physiological range. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 320:106837. [PMID: 33039915 PMCID: PMC7895333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium (III) complexes are interesting due to the similarity of their chemistry with gadolinium complexes that are used as contrast agents in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or imaging (MRI). While most of the paramagnetic Gd3+-based MRI contrast agents are T1 or T2 relaxation-based sensors such as Gd3+-complexes for zinc or pH detection, a number of diamagnetic Y3+-complexes rely on changes in the chemical shift for potential quantitative MRI in biological milieu. 89Y, however, is a challenging nucleus to work with in conventional NMR or MRI due to its inherently low sensitivity and relatively long T1 relaxation time. This insensitivity problem in 89Y-based complexes can be circumvented with the use of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which allows for several thousand-fold enhancement of the NMR or MRI signal relative to thermal equilibrium signal. Herein, we report on the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 89Y-complexes with phosphonated open-chain ligands, 89Y-EDTMP and 89Y-DTPMP, as potential chemical shift-based pH NMR sensors. Our DNP-NMR data show that hyperpolarized 89Y-DTPMP has an apparent pKa ~ 7.01 with a 4 ppm-wide chemical shift dispersion with the signal disappearing at pH below 6.2. On the other hand, pH titration data on hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP show that it has an apparent pKa of pH 6.7 and a 16-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 5-9 range. In comparison, the previously reported hyperpolarized pH NMR sensor 89Y-DOTP has a pKa of 7.64 and ~ 10-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 4-9 range. Overall, our data suggest that hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP is better than hyperpolarized 89Y-DOTP in terms of pH sensing capability at the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA.
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071026. [PMID: 31330859 PMCID: PMC6678451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related processes on both fast and slow time scales, including altered kinetics of bicarbonate-CO2 exchange and its effects on pH buffering and gradual, progressive changes driven by changes in metabolism, are further implicated in phenotypic changes observed in cancers. These discoveries have been driven by advances in imaging technologies. This review provides an overview of intra- and extracellular pH alterations in time and space reflected in cancer cells, as well as the available technology to study pH spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
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Korenchan DE, Gordon JW, Subramaniam S, Sriram R, Baligand C, VanCriekinge M, Bok R, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR. Using bidirectional chemical exchange for improved hyperpolarized [ 13 C]bicarbonate pH imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:959-972. [PMID: 31050049 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapid chemical exchange can affect SNR and pH measurement accuracy for hyperpolarized pH imaging with [13 C]bicarbonate. The purpose of this work was to investigate chemical exchange effects on hyperpolarized imaging sequences to identify optimal sequence parameters for high SNR and pH accuracy. METHODS Simulations were performed under varying rates of bicarbonate-CO2 chemical exchange to analyze exchange effects on pH quantification accuracy and SNR under different sampling schemes. Four pulse sequences, including 1 new technique, a multiple-excitation 2D EPI (multi-EPI) sequence, were compared in phantoms using hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate, varying parameters such as tip angles, repetition time, order of metabolite excitation, and refocusing pulse design. In vivo hyperpolarized bicarbonate-CO2 exchange measurements were made in transgenic murine prostate tumors to select in vivo imaging parameters. RESULTS Modeling of bicarbonate-CO2 exchange identified a multiple-excitation scheme for increasing CO2 SNR by up to a factor of 2.7. When implemented in phantom imaging experiments, these sampling schemes were confirmed to yield high pH accuracy and SNR gains. Based on measured bicarbonate-CO2 exchange in vivo, a 47% CO2 SNR gain is predicted. CONCLUSION The novel multi-EPI pulse sequence can boost CO2 imaging signal in hyperpolarized 13 C bicarbonate imaging while introducing minimal pH bias, helping to surmount a major hurdle in hyperpolarized pH imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Celine Baligand
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mark VanCriekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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