1
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Vloemans D, Pieters A, Dal Dosso F, Lammertyn J. Revolutionizing sample preparation: a novel autonomous microfluidic platform for serial dilution. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2791-2801. [PMID: 38691394 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Dilution is a standard fluid operation widely employed in the sample preparation process of many bio(chemical) assays. It serves multiple essential functions such as sample mixing with certain reagents at specific dilution ratios, reducing sample matrix effects, bringing target analytes within the linear assay detection range, among many others. Traditionally, sample processing is performed in laboratory settings through manual or automated pipetting. When working in resource-limited settings, however, neither trained personnel nor proper laboratory equipment are available limiting the accessibility to high-quality diagnostic tests. In this work, we present a novel standalone and fully automated microfluidic platform for the stepwise preparation of serial dilutions without the need for any active elements. Stepwise dilution is achieved using the coordinated burst action of hydrophobic burst valves to first isolate a precisely metered volume from an applied sample drop and subsequently merge it with a prefilled diluent liquid. Downstream, expansion chambers are used to mix both reagents into a homogeneous solution. The dilution module was characterized to generate accurate and reproducible (CV < 7%) dilutions for targeted dilution factors of 2, 5 and 10×, respectively. Three dilution modules were coupled in series to generate three-fold logarithmic (log5 or log10) dilutions, with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99). Its compatibility with whole blood was furthermore illustrated, proving its applicability for automating and downscaling bioassays with complex biological matrices. Finally, autonomous on-chip serial dilution was demonstrated by incorporating the self-powered (i)SIMPLE technology as a passive driving source for liquid manipulation. We believe that the simplicity and modularity of the presented autonomous dilution platform are of interest to many point-of-care applications in which sample dilution and reagent mixing are of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vloemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Alexander Pieters
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Zhang J, Ma J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Miao M. A fully automated Lab-on-a-Disc platform integrated a high-speed triggered siphon valve for PBMCs extraction. Talanta 2024; 268:125292. [PMID: 37857105 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) are isolated from peripheral blood and identified as any blood cell with a round nucleus that exhibits immune responses and undergoes immunophenotypic changes upon exposure to various pathophysiological stimuli. Obtaining high-recovery and clinical-grade PBMCs without decreasing cell viability and causing stress is crucial for disease diagnosis and successful immunotherapy. However, traditional manual PBMCs extraction methods rely on manual intervention with less recovery rate and reliability. In this study, we introduced a novel and efficient strategy for the fully automated extraction of PBMCs based on a Lab-on-a-Disk (LoaD) platform. The centrifugal chip used percoll as density gradient media (DGM) for separation and extraction on account of the density difference of cells in whole blood, without labeling and any additional extra cellular filtration or cell lysis steps. Above all, we proposed a high-speed triggered siphon valve, which was closed under the speed of cell sedimentation and subsequently opened by increasing speed to complete the extraction of PBMCs. It can avoid the problem that previous siphon valves rely on unstable hydrophilic surface treatment and prime under low/zero speed conditions. With valves and the clock channel integrated on the chip, users can achieve fully automated collection of PBMCs. Compared with the clinical laboratory results, the recovery rate of extracted PBMCs was 80 %. The experimental results prove that the high-speed triggered siphon valve improves the extraction efficiency of PBMCs. The robust chips, which are not only simple to manufacture and assemble but also stable and reliable to use, have great potential in biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; GD Changguang Zhongke Bio Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; GD Changguang Zhongke Bio Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China.
| | - Mingshu Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
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3
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Vloemans D, Van Hileghem L, Ordutowski H, Dal Dosso F, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Self-Powered Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Solutions: From Sampling to Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2804:3-50. [PMID: 38753138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3850-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered microfluidics presents a revolutionary approach to address the challenges of healthcare in decentralized and point-of-care settings where limited access to resources and infrastructure prevails or rapid clinical decision-making is critical. These microfluidic systems exploit physical and chemical phenomena, such as capillary forces and surface tension, to manipulate tiny volumes of fluids without the need for external power sources, making them cost-effective and highly portable. Recent technological advancements have demonstrated the ability to preprogram complex multistep liquid operations within the microfluidic circuit of these standalone systems, which enabled the integration of sensitive detection and readout principles. This chapter first addresses how the accessibility to in vitro diagnostics can be improved by shifting toward decentralized approaches like remote microsampling and point-of-care testing. Next, the crucial role of self-powered microfluidic technologies to enable this patient-centric healthcare transition is emphasized using various state-of-the-art examples, with a primary focus on applications related to biofluid collection and the detection of either proteins or nucleic acids. This chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings and our vision of the future perspectives in the field of self-powered microfluidic technologies and their use for in vitro diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vloemans
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Henry Ordutowski
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Tokihiro JC, Tu WC, Berthier J, Lee JJ, Dostie AM, Khor JW, Eakman M, Theberge AB, Berthier E. Enhanced capillary pumping using open-channel capillary trees with integrated paper pads. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2023; 35:082120. [PMID: 37675268 PMCID: PMC10479884 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for efficient capillary pumping has led to two main directions for investigation: first, assembly of capillary channels to provide high capillary pressures, and second, imbibition in absorbing fibers or paper pads. In the case of open microfluidics (i.e., channels where the top boundary of the fluid is in contact with air instead of a solid wall), the coupling between capillary channels and paper pads unites the two approaches and provides enhanced capillary pumping. In this work, we investigate the coupling of capillary trees-networks of channels mimicking the branches of a tree-with paper pads placed at the extremities of the channels, mimicking the small capillary networks of leaves. It is shown that high velocities and flow rates (7 mm/s or 13.1 μl/s) for more than 30 s using 50% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol, which has a 3-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; 6.5 mm/s or 12.1 μl/s for more than 55 s with pentanol, which has a 3.75-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water; and >3.5 mm/s or 6.5 μl/s for more than 150 s with nonanol, which has a 11-fold increase in viscosity in comparison to water, can be reached in the root channel, enabling higher sustained flow rates than that of capillary trees alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie C. Tokihiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Wan-chen Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jean Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jing J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ashley M. Dostie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jian Wei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Madeleine Eakman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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5
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Van Hileghem L, Kushwaha S, Piovesan A, Verboven P, Nicolaï B, Reynaerts D, Dal Dosso F, Lammertyn J. Innovative Fabrication of Hollow Microneedle Arrays Enabling Blood Sampling with a Self-Powered Microfluidic Patch. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:615. [PMID: 36985022 PMCID: PMC10052199 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are gaining a lot of attention in the context of sampling cutaneous biofluids such as capillary blood. Their minimal invasiveness and user-friendliness make them a prominent substitute for venous puncture or finger-pricking. Although the latter is suitable for self-sampling, the impracticality of manual handling and the difficulty of obtaining enough qualitative sample is driving the search for better solutions. In this context, hollow microneedle arrays (HMNAs) are particularly interesting for completely integrating sample-to-answer solutions as they create a duct between the skin and the sampling device. However, the fabrication of sharp-tipped HMNAs with a high aspect ratio (AR) is challenging, especially since a length of ≥1500 μm is desired to reach the blood capillaries. In this paper, we first described a novel two-step fabrication protocol for HMNAs in stainless steel by percussion laser drilling and subsequent micro-milling. The HMNAs were then integrated into a self-powered microfluidic sampling patch, containing a capillary pump which was optimized to generate negative pressure differences up to 40.9 ± 1.8 kPa. The sampling patch was validated in vitro, showing the feasibility of sampling 40 μL of liquid. It is anticipated that our proof-of-concept is a starting point for more sophisticated all-in-one biofluid sampling and point-of-care testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Van Hileghem
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shashwat Kushwaha
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Member of Flanders Make, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnese Piovesan
- Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Postharvest Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Reynaerts
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Member of Flanders Make, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Shen H, Li Q, Song W, Jiang X. Microfluidic on-chip valve and pump for applications in immunoassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:341-348. [PMID: 36602133 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-chip valves can simplify a microfluidic chip and make it easy to operate. However, most on-chip valves already reported still need complicated manufacture and sophisticated supporting devices. In this work, we present a straightforward on-chip valve, which can be serially connected, to form an on-chip pump. The liquid can horizontally flow one way by the regular deformations of flexure strips in the two valves at both sides of the chamber under pressure changes in microchannels generated by repeated vertical movements of linear actuators. The volume of this system including the chip and the supporting device is 0.65 cubic decimeters, which is much smaller than that of reported systems with a volume of at least 12 cubic decimeters, and the weight of this system is only 0.56 kg, making it possible for point-of-care testing. We carry out an immunoassay of folic acid on chip, and the results show satisfactory reproducibility with acceptable coefficients of variation. We determine 163 clinical human serum samples for folic acid. Furthermore, we detect transferrin, cobalamin and folic acid simultaneously on one chip with both sandwich and competitive binding immunoassay methods. We anticipate that this on-chip valve and pump can be applied in immunoassays and other biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shen
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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7
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Amen MT, Pham TTT, Cheah E, Tran DP, Thierry B. Metal-Oxide FET Biosensor for Point-of-Care Testing: Overview and Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227952. [PMID: 36432052 PMCID: PMC9698540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-oxide semiconducting materials are promising for building high-performance field-effect transistor (FET) based biochemical sensors. The existence of well-established top-down scalable manufacturing processes enables the reliable production of cost-effective yet high-performance sensors, two key considerations toward the translation of such devices in real-life applications. Metal-oxide semiconductor FET biochemical sensors are especially well-suited to the development of Point-of-Care testing (PoCT) devices, as illustrated by the rapidly growing body of reports in the field. Yet, metal-oxide semiconductor FET sensors remain confined to date, mainly in academia. Toward accelerating the real-life translation of this exciting technology, we review the current literature and discuss the critical features underpinning the successful development of metal-oxide semiconductor FET-based PoCT devices that meet the stringent performance, manufacturing, and regulatory requirements of PoCT.
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8
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Yuan H, Chen P, Wan C, Li Y, Liu BF. Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116814. [PMCID: PMC9637550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Xiao B, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Sun X, Chen A. Recent advances in centrifugal microfluidic chip-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Qu JH, Ordutowski H, Van Tricht C, Verbruggen R, Barcenas Gallardo A, Bulcaen M, Ciwinska M, Gutierrez Cisneros C, Devriese C, Guluzade S, Janssens X, Kornblum S, Lu Y, Marolt N, Nanjappan C, Rutten E, Vanhauwaert E, Geukens N, Thomas D, Dal Dosso F, Safdar S, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab by integrating a FO-SPR biosensor in a self-powered microfluidic cartridge. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Super-hydrophobic microfluidic channels fabricated via xurography-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micromolding. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Villarino N, Pena-Pereira F, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. Waterproof Cellulose-Based Substrates for In-Drop Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing of Volatiles: Application to Acid-Labile Sulfide Determination in Waters. ACS Sens 2022; 7:839-848. [PMID: 35285629 PMCID: PMC8961881 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the assessment of widely available waterproof cellulose-based substrates for the development of sensitive in-drop plasmonic sensing approaches. The applicability of three inexpensive substrates, namely, Whatman 1PS, polyethylene-coated filter paper, and tracing paper, as holders for microvolumes of colloidal solutions was evaluated. Waterproof cellulose-based substrates demonstrated to be highly convenient platforms for analytical purposes, as they enabled in situ generation of volatiles and syringeless drop exposure unlike conventional single-drop microextraction approaches and can behave as sample compartments for smartphone-based colorimetric sensing in an integrated way. Remarkably, large drop volumes (≥20 μL) of colloidal solutions can be employed for enrichment processes when using Whatman 1PS as holder. In addition, the stability and potential applicability of spherical, rod-shaped, and core-shell metallic NPs onto waterproof cellulose-based substrates was evaluated. In particular, Au@AgNPs showed potential for the colorimetric detection of in situ generated H2S, I2, and Br2, whereas AuNRs hold promise for I2, Br2, and Hg0 colorimetric sensing. As a proof of concept, a smartphone-based colorimetric assay for determination of acid-labile sulfide in environmental water samples was developed with the proposed approach taking advantage of the ability of Au@AgNPs for H2S sensing. The assay showed a limit of detection of 0.46 μM and a repeatability of 4.4% (N = 8), yielding satisfactory recoveries (91-107%) when applied to the analysis of environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Villarino
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isela Lavilla
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Bendicho
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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13
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Ordutowski H, Dal Dosso F, De Wispelaere W, Van Tricht C, Vermeire S, Geukens N, Gils A, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Next generation point-of-care test for therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab in patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114189. [PMID: 35366427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of adalimumab (ADM) at the point-of-care (POC) is key to prevent loss of response but has not been accomplished to date because true POC testing solutions are still lacking. Here, we present a novel "whole blood in - result out" self-powered microfluidic chip for detecting ADM within 30 min to enable TDM at POC. Hereto, we first demonstrated on-chip plasma separation from whole blood, followed by downscaling an ADM ELISA with maintained specificity and sensitivity in plasma. This assay was then performed on a robust and easy-to-use microfluidic chip we designed based on (i)SIMPLE technology, allowing autonomous function upon single finger press activation, which was successfully validated with patient samples. Herein, we prove the potential of our technology to detect targets starting from whole blood introduced directly on-chip and to integrate various immunoassays, both for TDM and other in vitro diagnostics applications, like infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Gils
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Cheah E, Tran DP, Amen MT, Arrua RD, Hilder EF, Thierry B. Integrated Platform Addressing the Finger-Prick Blood Processing Challenges of Point-of-Care Electrical Biomarker Testing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1256-1263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cheah
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Duy P. Tran
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Mohamed T. Amen
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - R. Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Emily F. Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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15
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Vloemans D, Van Hileghem L, Verbist W, Thomas D, Dal Dosso F, Lammertyn J. Precise sample metering method by coordinated burst action of hydrophobic burst valves applied to dried blood spot collection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4445-4454. [PMID: 34651158 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling by finger-pricking has recently gained a lot of interest as an alternative sample collection method. The reduced invasiveness, requirement of lower sample volumes and suitability for long-term storage at room temperature make DBS ideal for use in home settings or low-resource environments. However, traditional protocols often suffer from biased analysis data due to variable and not exactly known blood volumes present in the samples. In this work, a novel device has been developed to split-off precisely metered volumes from a blood drop and load them on pre-cut filter paper. Hereto, hydrophobic burst valves (HBV) were developed to temporarily retain a fluid flow, configurable to burst at pressures within a range of 175-600 Pa. By combining HBVs with different burst pressures, a volume metering system was developed to allow parallel metering of multiple pre-defined sample volumes. The system was shown to be accurate and consistent for blood volumes between 5-15 μL and for hematocrit levels spanning the range of 25-70%. Finally, a point-of-care DBS sampling device was developed combining the self-powered microfluidic SIMPLE technology. To evaluate the system's practical applicability, a validation study in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring of biologicals was performed using adalimumab-spiked blood samples. Microfluidic DBS samples showed good performance compared to the traditional DBS method with improved recovery rates (86% over 62%). This innovative metering system, allowing for parallelization and integration with complex liquid manipulations, will greatly impact the field of robust sampling, sample preparation, storage and analysis at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vloemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lorenz Van Hileghem
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wannes Verbist
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Debby Thomas
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Herestraat 49, box 424, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Achille C, Parra-Cabrera C, Dochy R, Ordutowski H, Piovesan A, Piron P, Van Looy L, Kushwaha S, Reynaerts D, Verboven P, Nicolaï B, Lammertyn J, Spasic D, Ameloot R. 3D Printing of Monolithic Capillarity-Driven Microfluidic Devices for Diagnostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008712. [PMID: 33969565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic testing at the site of the patient is essential when a fully equipped laboratory is not accessible. To maximize the impact of this approach, low-cost, disposable tests that require minimal user-interference and external equipment are desired. Fluid transport by capillary wicking removes the need for bulky ancillary equipment to actuate and control fluid flow. Nevertheless, current microfluidic paper-based analytical devices based on this principle struggle with the implementation of multistep diagnostic protocols because of fabrication-related issues. Here, 3D-printed microfluidic devices are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which a multistep assay timeline is completed by precisely engineering capillary wetting within printed porous bodies. 3D printing provides a scalable route to low-cost microfluidic devices and obviates the assembly of discrete components. The resulting rapid and seamless transition between digital data and physical objects allows for rapid design iterations, and opens up perspectives on distributed manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Achille
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
| | - Cesar Parra-Cabrera
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
| | - Ruben Dochy
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
| | - Henry Ordutowski
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Agnese Piovesan
- Division Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Pieter Piron
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Looy
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
| | - Shashwat Kushwaha
- Manufacturing Processes and Systems (MaPS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, Box 2420, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Member Flanders Make, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Reynaerts
- Manufacturing Processes and Systems (MaPS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, Box 2420, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Member Flanders Make, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Division Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Division Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, Box 2428, Belgium
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven, Box 2454, Belgium
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17
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Shen F, Ai M, Ma J, Li Z, Xue S. An Easy Method for Pressure Measurement in Microchannels Using Trapped Air Compression in a One-End-Sealed Capillary. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100914. [PMID: 33008031 PMCID: PMC7650790 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pressure is one basic parameter involved in microfluidic systems. In this study, we developed an easy capillary-based method for measuring fluid pressure at one or multiple locations in a microchannel. The principal component is a commonly used capillary (inner diameter of 400 μm and 95 mm in length), with one end sealed and calibrated scales on it. By reading the height (h) of an air-liquid interface, the pressure can be measured directly from a table, which is calculated using the ideal gas law. Many factors that affect the relationship between the trapped air volume and applied pressure (papplied) have been investigated in detail, including the surface tension, liquid gravity, air solubility in water, temperature variation, and capillary diameters. Based on the evaluation of the experimental and simulation results of the pressure, combined with theoretical analysis, a resolution of about 1 kPa within a full-scale range of 101.6–178 kPa was obtained. A pressure drop (Δp) as low as 0.25 kPa was obtained in an operating range from 0.5 kPa to 12 kPa. Compared with other novel, microstructure-based methods, this method does not require microfabrication and additional equipment. Finally, we use this method to reasonably analyze the nonlinearity of the flow-pressure drop relationship caused by channel deformation. In the future, this one-end-sealed capillary could be used for pressure measurement as easily as a clinical thermometer in various microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (M.A.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (J.M.); Tel.: +86-10-67391471 (J.M.)
| | - Mingzhu Ai
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (M.A.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (M.A.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (J.M.); Tel.: +86-10-67391471 (J.M.)
| | - Zonghe Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (M.A.); (Z.L.)
| | - Sen Xue
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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18
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Park J, Han DH, Hwang SH, Park JK. Reciprocating flow-assisted nucleic acid purification using a finger-actuated microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3346-3353. [PMID: 32626862 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics can provide a powerful diagnostic tool since it can detect pathogens with high sensitivity, but complicated sample preparation procedures limit its widespread use as an on-site detection tool that relies on the skilled person and external equipment. To resolve these limitations, we report a solid-phase nucleic acid purification using a finger-actuated microfluidic device, which can control a set amount of flow regardless of differences in end-users. To increase the recovery rate, a finger-actuated reciprocator was newly developed and integrated into the microfluidic device that can efficiently react with silica microbeads and reagents. After verifying the finger-actuated microfluidic reciprocator, the effect of the reciprocating flow on the recovery rate was assessed to purify the standard DNA of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The recovery rate was increased up to ∼50% and 955 to 955 000 IU mL-1 of HBV standard DNA was successfully purified and detected by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the proposed microfluidic device was exploited to purify the HBV DNA from the patient's blood plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Xu L, Wang A, Li X, Oh KW. Passive micropumping in microfluidics for point-of-care testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:031503. [PMID: 32509049 PMCID: PMC7263483 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Suitable micropumping methods for flow control represent a major technical hurdle in the development of microfluidic systems for point-of-care testing (POCT). Passive micropumping for point-of-care microfluidic systems provides a promising solution to such challenges, in particular, passive micropumping based on capillary force and air transfer based on the air solubility and air permeability of specific materials. There have been numerous developments and applications of micropumping techniques that are relevant to the use in POCT. Compared with active pumping methods such as syringe pumps or pressure pumps, where the flow rate can be well-tuned independent of the design of the microfluidic devices or the property of the liquids, most passive micropumping methods still suffer flow-control problems. For example, the flow rate may be set once the device has been made, and the properties of liquids may affect the flow rate. However, the advantages of passive micropumping, which include simplicity, ease of use, and low cost, make it the best choice for POCT. Here, we present a systematic review of different types of passive micropumping that are suitable for POCT, alongside existing applications based on passive micropumping. Future trends in passive micropumping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Anyang Wang
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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20
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Park J, Han DH, Park JK. Towards practical sample preparation in point-of-care testing: user-friendly microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1191-1203. [PMID: 32119024 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies offer a number of advantages for sample preparation in point-of-care testing (POCT), but the requirement for complicated external pumping systems limits their wide use. To facilitate sample preparation in POCT, various methods have been developed to operate microfluidic devices without complicated external pumping systems. In this review, we introduce an overview of user-friendly microfluidic devices for practical sample preparation in POCT, including self- and hand-operated microfluidic devices. Self-operated microfluidic devices exploit capillary force, vacuum-driven pressure, or gas-generating chemical reactions to apply pressure into microchannels, and hand-operated microfluidic devices utilize human power sources using simple equipment, including a syringe, pipette, or simply by using finger actuation. Furthermore, this review provides future perspectives to realize user-friendly integrated microfluidic circuits for wider applications with the integration of simple microfluidic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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