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Riddell LA, de Peinder P, Polizzi V, Vanbroekhoven K, Meirer F, Bruijnincx PCA. Predicting Molecular Weight Characteristics of Reductively Depolymerized Lignins by ATR-FTIR and Chemometrics. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:8968-8977. [PMID: 38872958 PMCID: PMC11167637 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent scientific advances in the valorization of lignin, through e.g., (partial-)catalytic depolymerization, require equally state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of the obtained depolymerized lignins (DLs) or lignin bio-oils. The use of chemometrics in combination with infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one avenue to provide rapid access to pertinent lignin parameters, such as molecular weight (MW) characteristics, which typically require analysis via time-consuming size-exclusion methods, or diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, MW serves as a marker for the degree of depolymerization (or recondensation) that the lignin has undergone, and thus probing this parameter is essential for the optimization of depolymerization conditions to achieve DLs with desired properties. Here, we show that our ATR-IR-based chemometrics approach used previously for technical lignin analysis can be extended to analyze these more processed, lignin-derived samples as well. Remarkably, also at this lower end of the MW scale, the use of partial least-squares (PLS) regression models well-predicted the MW parameters for a sample set of 57 depolymerized lignins, with relative errors of 9.9-11.2%. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed good correspondence with features in the regression vectors for each of the biomass classes (hardwood, herbaceous/grass, and softwood) obtained from PLS-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Overall, we show that the IR spectra of DLs are still amenable to chemometric analysis and specifically to rapid, predictive characterization of their MW, circumventing the time-consuming, tedious, and not generally accessible methods typically employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Riddell
- Faculty
of Science, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University
institution, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Peinder
- Faculty
of Science, Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
- VibSpec, Haaftenlaan 28, Tiel 4006
XL, The Netherlands
| | - Viviana Polizzi
- Sustainable
Polymer Technologies team, Materials & Chemistry unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Sustainable
Polymer Technologies team, Materials & Chemistry unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Florian Meirer
- Faculty
of Science, Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Faculty
of Science, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University
institution, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
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Asemoloye MD, Bello TS, Oladoye PO, Remilekun Gbadamosi M, Babarinde SO, Ebenezer Adebami G, Olowe OM, Temporiti MEE, Wanek W, Marchisio MA. Engineered yeasts and lignocellulosic biomaterials: shaping a new dimension for biorefinery and global bioeconomy. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2269328. [PMID: 37850721 PMCID: PMC10586088 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2269328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The next milestone of synthetic biology research relies on the development of customized microbes for specific industrial purposes. Metabolic pathways of an organism, for example, depict its chemical repertoire and its genetic makeup. If genes controlling such pathways can be identified, scientists can decide to enhance or rewrite them for different purposes depending on the organism and the desired metabolites. The lignocellulosic biorefinery has achieved good progress over the past few years with potential impact on global bioeconomy. This principle aims to produce different bio-based products like biochemical(s) or biofuel(s) from plant biomass under microbial actions. Meanwhile, yeasts have proven very useful for different biotechnological applications. Hence, their potentials in genetic/metabolic engineering can be fully explored for lignocellulosic biorefineries. For instance, the secretion of enzymes above the natural limit (aided by genetic engineering) would speed-up the down-line processes in lignocellulosic biorefineries and the cost. Thus, the next milestone would greatly require the development of synthetic yeasts with much more efficient metabolic capacities to achieve basic requirements for particular biorefinery. This review gave comprehensive overview of lignocellulosic biomaterials and their importance in bioeconomy. Many researchers have demonstrated the engineering of several ligninolytic enzymes in heterologous yeast hosts. However, there are still many factors needing to be well understood like the secretion time, titter value, thermal stability, pH tolerance, and reactivity of the recombinant enzymes. Here, we give a detailed account of the potentials of engineered yeasts being discussed, as well as the constraints associated with their development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tunde Sheriffdeen Bello
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Segun Oladiran Babarinde
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Olumayowa Mary Olowe
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
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Hesham A, Abass M, Abdou H, Fahmy R, Rashad MM, Abdallah AA, Mossallem W, Rehan IF, Elnagar A, Zigo F, Ondrašovičová S, Abouelnaga AF, Rizk A. Ozonated saline intradermal injection: promising therapy for accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1283679. [PMID: 38026676 PMCID: PMC10657902 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1283679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of ozonized water is gaining importance in medicine due to its effects on hyperglycemia and wound healing mechanisms. Methods This experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of intradermal administration of ozonated water on acute skin wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Sixty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: an ozonated water group (O3W) and a control group (CG). Experimental diabetes was chemically induced in the rats by the intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. One week later, full-thickness skin surgical wounds (1 cm2) were created between the two shoulders of the rats under general anesthesia. The wounds were then daily irrigated with normal saline (CG) or intradermally injected with 1 mL of ozonated water at 10 mg/L O3W. Wound healing was evaluated through macroscopic analysis, measuring wound size, diameter, and percentage of contraction rate before wounding and at 3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 18, 21, 24, and 28 days post-wounding. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after induction of the wounds, the body weights and blood glucose levels of rats (8 per group) were measured before the rats were euthanized. Moreover, the morphological structure of the tissue, vascular endothelial and transforming growth factor (VEGF and TGF) affinity and gene expression were examined. Results The O3W group had significantly lower blood glucose levels and wound size and gained body weight. Additionally, epithelial vascularization, stromal edema, TGF, and VEGF gene expression significantly improved in the O3W group. Discussion Therefore, ozonated water has the potential to enhance and promote cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hesham
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abass
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haanin Abdou
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham Fahmy
- Veterinary Surgery, Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Rashad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser A. Abdallah
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael Mossallem
- Veterinary Clinical Supervisor, Al-Rahba Veterinary Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim F. Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University Yagotoyama, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asmaa Elnagar
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University Yagotoyama, Nagoya, Japan
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine, and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Ondrašovičová
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ahmed F. Abouelnaga
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Awad Rizk
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Cañadas R, Martín-Sampedro R, González-Miquel M, González EJ, Ballesteros I, Eugenio ME, Ibarra D. Green solvents extraction-based detoxification to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded lignocellulosic biomass and recover bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118448. [PMID: 37413728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for pre-treated biomass detoxification combining emerging green solvents and low environmental impact extraction technologies was evaluated. Steam-exploded biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted or orbital shaking extraction using bio-based or eutectic solvents. The extracted biomass was enzymatically hydrolysed. The potential of this detoxification methodology was studied in terms of phenolic inhibitors extraction and sugar production improvement. The effect of adding a post-extraction water washing step before hydrolysis was also evaluated. Excellent results were achieved when steam-exploded biomass was subjected to the microwave-assisted extraction combined with the washing step. The highest sugar production was achieved when ethyl lactate was used as extraction agent (49.80 ± 3.10 g total sugar/L) over the control (30.43 ± 0.34 g total sugar/L). Results suggested that a detoxification step based on green solvents would be a promising option to extract phenolic inhibitors, which can be revalorized as antioxidants, and improve the sugar production from the extracted pre-treated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cañadas
- Institute of Forest Sciences (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Institute of Forest Sciences (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Miquel
- Dept. of Industrial Chemical and Environmental Engineering, (ETSII, UPM), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio J González
- Dept. of Industrial Chemical and Environmental Engineering, (ETSII, UPM), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ballesteros
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Eugenio
- Institute of Forest Sciences (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ibarra
- Institute of Forest Sciences (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Shapiro AJ, O'Dea RM, Li SC, Ajah JC, Bass GF, Epps TH. Engineering Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities for Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: Leveraging Biobased Polymer Production. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:109-140. [PMID: 37040783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative polymer feedstocks are highly desirable to address environmental, social, and security concerns associated with petrochemical-based materials. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has emerged as one critical feedstock in this regard because it is an abundant and ubiquitous renewable resource. LCB can be deconstructed to generate valuable fuels, chemicals, and small molecules/oligomers that are amenable to modification and polymerization. However, the diversity of LCB complicates the evaluation of biorefinery concepts in areas including process scale-up, production outputs, plant economics, and life-cycle management. We discuss aspects of current LCB biorefinery research with a focus on the major process stages, including feedstock selection, fractionation/deconstruction, and characterization, along with product purification, functionalization, and polymerization to manufacture valuable macromolecular materials. We highlight opportunities to valorize underutilized and complex feedstocks, leverage advanced characterization techniques to predict and manage biorefinery outputs, and increase the fraction of biomass converted into valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Shapiro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Robert M O'Dea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Sonia C Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Jamael C Ajah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Garrett F Bass
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; , , , , ,
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Research in Soft Matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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6
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Smit AT, Bellinetto E, Dezaire T, Boumezgane O, Riddell LA, Turri S, Hoek M, Bruijnincx PCA, Griffini G. Tuning the Properties of Biobased PU Coatings via Selective Lignin Fractionation and Partial Depolymerization. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:7193-7202. [PMID: 37180028 PMCID: PMC10171370 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) coatings with high lignin content and tunable properties were made using a combination of fractionation and partial catalytic depolymerization as a novel strategy to tailor lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity, the key parameters for use in PU coatings. Acetone organosolv lignin obtained from pilot-scale fractionation of beech wood chips was processed at the kilogram scale to produce lignin fractions with specific molar mass ranges (Mw 1000-6000 g/mol) and reduced polydispersity. Aliphatic hydroxyl groups were distributed relatively evenly over the lignin fractions, allowing detailed study of the correlation between lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity using an aliphatic polyisocyanate linker. As expected, the high molar mass fractions exhibited low cross-linking reactivity, yielding rigid coatings with a high glass transition temperature (Tg). The lower Mw fractions showed increased lignin reactivity, extent of cross-linking, and gave coatings with enhanced flexibility and lower Tg. Lignin properties could be further tailored by lignin partial depolymerization by reduction (PDR) of the beech wood lignin and its high molar mass fractions; excellent translation of the PDR process was observed from laboratory to the pilot scale necessary for coating applications in prospective industrial scenarios. Lignin depolymerization significantly improved lignin reactivity, and coatings produced from PDR lignin showed the lowest Tg values and highest coating flexibility. Overall, this study provides a powerful strategy for the production of PU coatings with tailored properties and high (>90%) biomass content, paving the path to the development of fully green and circular PU materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan T. Smit
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Bellinetto
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Dezaire
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oussama Boumezgane
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luke A. Riddell
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michiel Hoek
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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