1
|
Zhuang Z, Kong W, Wen Z, Tong N, Lin J, Zhang F, Fan Z, Yi L, Huang Y, Duan Y, Yan X, Zhu X. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Streptomyces sp. CB03234-S for the enhanced production of anthraquinone-fused enediyne tiancimycins. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:128. [PMID: 38704580 PMCID: PMC11069151 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are excellent payloads for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The yields of AFEs in the original bacterial hosts are extremely low. Multiple traditional methods had been adopted to enhance the production of the AFEs. Despite these efforts, the production titers of these compounds are still low, presenting a practical challenge for their development. Tiancimycins (TNMs) are a class of AFEs produced by Streptomyces sp. CB03234. One of their salient features is that they exhibit rapid and complete cell killing ability against various cancer cell lines. RESULTS In this study, a combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy guided by the CB03234-S genome and transcriptome was employed to improve the titers of TNMs. First, re-sequencing of CB03234-S (Ribosome engineered mutant strains) genome revealed the deletion of a 583-kb DNA fragment, accounting for about 7.5% of its genome. Second, by individual or combined inactivation of seven potential precursor competitive biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in CB03234-S, a double-BGC inactivation mutant, S1009, was identified with an improved TNMs titer of 28.2 ± 0.8 mg/L. Third, overexpression of five essential biosynthetic genes, including two post-modification genes, and three self-resistance auxiliary genes, was also conducted, through which we discovered that mutants carrying the core genes, tnmE or tnmE10, exhibited enhanced TNMs production. The average TNMs yield reached 43.5 ± 2.4 mg/L in a 30-L fermenter, representing an approximately 360% increase over CB03234-S and the highest titer among all AFEs to date. Moreover, the resulting mutant produced TNM-W, a unique TNM derivative with a double bond instead of a common ethylene oxide moiety. Preliminary studies suggested that TNM-W was probably converted from TNM-A by both TnmE and TnmE10. CONCLUSIONS Based on the genome and transcriptome analyses, we adopted a combined metabolic engineering strategy for precursor enrichment and biosynthetic pathway reorganization to construct a high-yield strain of TNMs based on CB03234-S. Our study establishes a solid basis for the clinical development of AFE-based ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoukang Zhuang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wenping Kong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Nian Tong
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiying Fan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liwei Yi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410011, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji CH, Je HW, Kim H, Kang HS. Promoter engineering of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters in actinomycetes: concepts and applications. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:672-699. [PMID: 38259139 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Covering 2011 to 2022Low titers of natural products in laboratory culture or fermentation conditions have been one of the challenging issues in natural products research. Many natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are also transcriptionally silent in laboratory culture conditions, making it challenging to characterize the structures and activities of their metabolites. Promoter engineering offers a potential solution to this problem by providing tools for transcriptional activation or optimization of biosynthetic genes. In this review, we summarize the 10 years of progress in promoter engineering approaches in natural products research focusing on the most metabolically talented group of bacteria actinomycetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hun Ji
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Je
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hiyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hahk-Soo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pei X, Lei Y, Zhang H. Transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Streptomyces. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:156. [PMID: 38587708 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the post-genome era, great progress has been made in metabolic engineering using recombinant DNA technology to enhance the production of high-value products by Streptomyces. With the development of microbial genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatic tools, a growing number of secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces and their biosynthetic logics have been uncovered and elucidated. In order to increase our knowledge about transcriptional regulators in SM of Streptomyces, this review firstly makes a comprehensive summary of the characterized factors involved in enhancing SM production and awakening SM biosynthesis. Future perspectives on transcriptional regulator engineering for new SM biosynthesis by Streptomyces are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yunyun Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao L, Zhu Z, Qin H, Xia Z, Xie J, Li X, Rang J, Hu S, Sun Y, Xia L. Effects of a Pirin-like protein on strain growth and spinosad biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5439-5451. [PMID: 37428187 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Pirin family proteins perform a variety of biological functions and widely exist in all living organisms. A few studies have shown that Pirin family proteins may be involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics in actinomycetes. However, the function of Pirin-like proteins in S. spinosa is still unclear. In this study, the inactivation of the sspirin gene led to serious growth defects and the accumulation of H2O2. Surprisingly, the overexpression and knockout of sspirin slightly accelerated the consumption and utilization of glucose, weakened the TCA cycle, delayed sporulation, and enhanced sporulation in the later stage. In addition, the overexpression of sspirin can enhance the β-oxidation pathway and increase the yield of spinosad by 0.88 times, while the inactivation of sspirin hardly produced spinosad. After adding MnCl2, the spinosad yield of the sspirin overexpression strain was further increased to 2.5 times that of the wild-type strain. This study preliminarily revealed the effects of Pirin-like proteins on the growth development and metabolism of S. spinosa and further expanded knowledge of Pirin-like proteins in actinomycetes. KEY POINTS: • Overexpression of the sspirin gene possibly triggers carbon catabolite repression (CCR) • Overexpression of the sspirin gene can promote the synthesis of spinosad • Knockout of the sspirin gene leads to serious growth and spinosad production defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zirong Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyuan Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Rang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu M, Zhang F, Gan T, Lin J, Duan Y, Zhu X. Deciphering the pathway-specific regulatory network for production of ten-membered enediyne Tiancimycins in Streptomyces sp. CB03234-S. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:188. [PMID: 36088456 PMCID: PMC9464397 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anthraquinone-fused 10-membered enediynes (AFEs), represented by tiancimycins (TNMs), possess a unique structural feature and promising potentials as payloads of antitumor antibody–drug conjugates. Despite many efforts, the insufficient yields remain a practical challenge for development of AFEs. Recent studies have suggested a unified basic biosynthetic route for AFEs, those core genes involved in the formation of essential common AFE intermediates, together with multiple regulatory genes, are highly conserved among the reported biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of AFEs. The extreme cytotoxicities of AFEs have compelled hosts to evolve strict regulations to control their productions, but the exact roles of related regulatory genes are still uncertain. Results In this study, the genetic validations of five putative regulatory genes present in the BGC of TNMs revealed that only three (tnmR1, tnmR3 and tnmR7) of them were involved in the regulation of TNMs biosynthesis. The bioinformatic analysis also revealed that they represented three major but distinct groups of regulatory genes conserved in all BGCs of AFEs. Further transcriptional analyses suggested that TnmR7 could promote the expressions of core enzymes TnmD/G and TnmN/O/P, while TnmR3 may act as a sensor kinase to work with TnmR1 and form a higher class unconventional orphan two-component regulatory system, which dynamically represses the expressions of TnmR7, core enzymes TnmD/G/J/K1/K2 and auxiliary proteins TnmT2/S2/T1/S1. Therefore, the biosynthesis of TNMs was stringently restricted by this cascade regulatory network at early stage to ensure the normal cell growth, and then partially released at the stationary phase for product accumulation. Conclusion The pathway-specific cascade regulatory network consisting with TnmR3/R1 and TnmR7 was deciphered to orchestrate the production of TNMs. And it could be speculated as a common regulatory mechanism for productions of AFEs, which shall provide us new insights in future titer improvement of AFEs and potential dynamic regulatory applications in synthetic biology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01916-z.
Collapse
|
6
|
Del Carratore F, Hanko EK, Breitling R, Takano E. Biotechnological application of Streptomyces for the production of clinical drugs and other bioactive molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102762. [PMID: 35908316 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces is one of the most relevant genera in biotechnology, and its rich secondary metabolism is responsible for the biosynthesis of a plethora of bioactive compounds, including several clinically relevant drugs. The use of Streptomyces species for the manufacture of natural products has been established for more than half a century; however, the tremendous advances observed in recent years in genetic engineering and molecular biology have revolutionised the optimisation of Streptomyces as cell factories and drastically expanded the biotechnological potential of these bacteria. Here, we illustrate the most exciting advances reported in the past few years, with a particular focus on the approaches significantly improving the biotechnological capacity of Streptomyces to produce clinical drugs and other valuable secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Carratore
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Kr Hanko
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
León-Buitimea A, Balderas-Cisneros FDJ, Garza-Cárdenas CR, Garza-Cervantes JA, Morones-Ramírez JR. Synthetic Biology Tools for Engineering Microbial Cells to Fight Superbugs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:869206. [PMID: 35600895 PMCID: PMC9114757 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.869206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in clinical cases of bacterial infections with multiple antibiotic resistance, the world has entered a health crisis. Overuse, inappropriate prescribing, and lack of innovation of antibiotics have contributed to the surge of microorganisms that can overcome traditional antimicrobial treatments. In 2017, the World Health Organization published a list of pathogenic bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli (ESKAPE). These bacteria can adapt to multiple antibiotics and transfer their resistance to other organisms; therefore, studies to find new therapeutic strategies are needed. One of these strategies is synthetic biology geared toward developing new antimicrobial therapies. Synthetic biology is founded on a solid and well-established theoretical framework that provides tools for conceptualizing, designing, and constructing synthetic biological systems. Recent developments in synthetic biology provide tools for engineering synthetic control systems in microbial cells. Applying protein engineering, DNA synthesis, and in silico design allows building metabolic pathways and biological circuits to control cellular behavior. Thus, synthetic biology advances have permitted the construction of communication systems between microorganisms where exogenous molecules can control specific population behaviors, induce intracellular signaling, and establish co-dependent networks of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel León-Buitimea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco de Jesús Balderas-Cisneros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - César Rodolfo Garza-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Javier Alberto Garza-Cervantes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José Rubén Morones-Ramírez,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Wang J, Lin H, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Bechthold A, Yu X. Protein X0P338, a GntR-type pleiotropic regulator for morphological differentiation and secondary metabolites production in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:788-800. [PMID: 35485240 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nucleoside antibiotic, toyocamycin (TM) exhibits excellent potent activity against several phytopathogenic fungi. Despite of its importance, little is known about key factors regulating TM biosynthesis and morphological differentiation in S. diastatochromogenes 1628. Based on proteomics data obtained from the analysis between wild-type (WT) S. diastatochromogenes 1628 strain and mutant strain 1628-T62 having a low-yield of TM, we observed that the differentially expressed protein, X0P338, which was proposed to be a regulator of the GntR-family, exhibited a higher expression level in S. diastatochromogenes 1628. Therefore, in this study, to explore whether protein X0P338 was involved in morphological differentiation and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, especially TM, the gene called the gntR sd -encoding protein X0P338 was cloned and over-expressed in WT strain 1628 and mutant strain 1628-T62, respectively. The results indicated that the over-expression of gntR sd enhanced TM production in both strain 1628 (120.6 mg/L vs. 306.6 mg/L) and strain 1628-T62 (15.6 mg/L vs. 258.9 mg/L). Besides, the over-expression of gntR sd had positive and negative effects on morphological differentiation in strain 1628 and strain 1628-T62, respectively. The results also showed opposite effects on tetraene macrolide production during the over-expression of gntR sd in strain 1628 and strain 1628-T62. Moreover, transcription levels of genes involved in morphological differentiation and secondary metabolites production were affected by the over-expression of gntR sd gene, both in strain 1628 and strain 1628-T62. These results confirm that X0P338 as a GntR-type pleiotropic regulator that regulates the morphological differentiation and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and especially has a positive effect on TM biosynthesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chouqiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Hengyi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | | | - Andreas Bechthold
- University of Freiburg, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Makitrynskyy R, Tsypik O, Bechthold A. Genetic Engineering of Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672 for Improved Production of Moenomycins. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010030. [PMID: 35056478 PMCID: PMC8778134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomycetes are soil-dwelling multicellular microorganisms famous for their unprecedented ability to synthesize numerous bioactive natural products (NPs). In addition to their rich arsenal of secondary metabolites, Streptomyces are characterized by complex morphological differentiation. Mostly, industrial production of NPs is done by submerged fermentation, where streptomycetes grow as a vegetative mycelium forming pellets. Often, suboptimal growth peculiarities are the major bottleneck for industrial exploitation. In this work, we employed genetic engineering approaches to improve the production of moenomycins (Mm) in Streptomyces ghanaensis, the only known natural direct inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferses. We showed that in vivo elimination of binding sites for the pleiotropic regulator AdpA in the oriC region strongly influences growth and positively correlates with Mm accumulation. Additionally, a marker- and “scar”-less deletion of moeH5, encoding an amidotransferase from the Mm gene cluster, significantly narrows down the Mm production spectrum. Strikingly, antibiotic titers were strongly enhanced by the elimination of the pleiotropic regulatory gene wblA, involved in the late steps of morphogenesis. Altogether, we generated Mm overproducers with optimized growth parameters, which are useful for further genome engineering and chemoenzymatic generation of novel Mm derivatives. Analogously, such a scheme can be applied to other Streptomyces spp.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nah HJ, Park J, Choi S, Kim ES. WblA, a global regulator of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6127318. [PMID: 33928363 PMCID: PMC9113171 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces species are soil-dwelling bacteria that produce vast numbers of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites (SMs), such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antiviral, and anticancer drugs. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of most SMs remains very low due to tightly controlled regulatory networks. Both global and pathway-specific regulators are involved in the regulation of a specific SM biosynthesis in various Streptomyces species. Over the past few decades, many of these regulators have been identified and new ones are still being discovered. Among them, a global regulator of SM biosynthesis named WblA was identified in several Streptomyces species. The identification and understanding of the WblAs have greatly contributed to increasing the productivity of several Streptomyces SMs. This review summarizes the characteristics and applications on WblAs reported to date, which were found in various Streptomyces species and other actinobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Nah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sisun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adhikari A, Shen B, Rader C. Challenges and Opportunities to Develop Enediyne Natural Products as Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Antib Ther 2021; 4:1-15. [PMID: 33554043 PMCID: PMC7850032 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calicheamicin, the payload of the antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) and inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®), belongs to the class of enediyne natural products. Since the isolation and structural determination of the neocarzinostatin chromophore in 1985, the enediynes have attracted considerable attention for their value as DNA damaging agents in cancer chemotherapy. Due to their non-discriminatory cytotoxicity towards both cancer and healthy cells, the clinical utilization of enediyne natural products relies on conjugation to an appropriate delivery system, such as an antibody. Here we review the current landscape of enediynes as payloads of first-generation and next-generation ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeeth Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Natural Products Discovery Center at Scripps Research, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|