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Schwardmann LS, Benninghaus L, Lindner SN, Wendisch VF. Prospects of formamide as nitrogen source in biotechnological production processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:105. [PMID: 38204134 PMCID: PMC10781810 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review presents an analysis of formamide, focussing on its occurrence in nature, its functional roles, and its promising applications in the context of the bioeconomy. We discuss the utilization of formamide as an innovative nitrogen source achieved through metabolic engineering. These approaches underscore formamide's potential in supporting growth and production in biotechnological processes. Furthermore, our review illuminates formamide's role as a nitrogen source capable of safeguarding cultivation systems against contamination in non-sterile conditions. This attribute adds an extra layer of practicality to its application, rendering it an attractive candidate for sustainable and resilient industrial practices. Additionally, the article unveils the versatility of formamide as a potential carbon source that could be combined with formate or CO2 assimilation pathways. However, its attributes, i.e., enriched nitrogen content and comparatively limited energy content, led to conclude that formamide is more suitable as a co-substrate and that its use as a sole source of carbon for biomass and bio-production is limited. Through our exploration of formamide's properties and its applications, this review underscores the significance of formamide as valuable resource for a large spectrum of industrial applications. KEY POINTS: • Formidases enable access to formamide as source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy • The formamide/formamidase system supports non-sterile fermentation • The nitrogen source formamide supports production of nitrogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- , Aminoverse B.V., Daelderweg 9, 6361 HK, Nuth, Beekdaelen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Benninghaus
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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2
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Peng Y, Xu P, Tao F. Production of N-acetylglucosamine with Vibrio alginolyticus FA2, an emerging platform for economical unsterile open fermentation. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:546-554. [PMID: 37637200 PMCID: PMC10457514 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Vibrionaceae family are predominantly fast-growing and halophilic microorganisms that have captured the attention of researchers owing to their potential applications in rapid biotechnology. Among them, Vibrio alginolyticus FA2 is a particularly noteworthy halophilic bacterium that exhibits superior growth capability. It has the potential to serve as a biotechnological platform for sustainable and eco-friendly open fermentation with seawater. To evaluate this hypothesis, we integrated the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) pathway into V. alginolyticus FA2. Seven nag genes were knocked out to obstruct the utilization of GlcNAc, and then 16 exogenous gna1s co-expressing with EcglmS were introduced to strengthen the flux of GlcNAc pathway, respectively. To further enhance GlcNAc production, we fine-tuned promoter strength of the two genes and inactivated two genes alsS and alsD to prevent the production of acetoin. Furthermore, unsterile open fermentation was carried out using simulated seawater and a chemically defined medium, resulting in the production of 9.2 g/L GlcNAc in 14 h. This is the first report for de-novo synthesizing GlcNAc with a Vibrio strain, facilitated by an unsterile open fermentation process employing seawater as a substitute for fresh water. This development establishes a basis for production of diverse valuable chemicals using Vibrio strains and provides insights into biomanufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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3
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Schwardmann LS, Wu T, Dransfeld AK, Lindner SN, Wendisch VF. Formamide-based production of amines by metabolically engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12592-3. [PMID: 37246985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Formamide is rarely used as nitrogen source by microorganisms. Therefore, formamide and formamidase have been used as protection system to allow for growth under non-sterile conditions and for non-sterile production of acetoin, a product lacking nitrogen. Here, we equipped Corynebacterium glutamicum, a renowned workhorse for industrial amino acid production for 60 years, with formamidase from Helicobacter pylori 26695, enabling growth with formamide as sole nitrogen source. Thereupon, the formamide/formamidase system was exploited for efficient formamide-based production of the nitrogenous compounds L-glutamate, L-lysine, N-methylphenylalanine, and dipicolinic acid by transfer of the formamide/formamidase system to established producer strains. Stable isotope labeling verified the incorporation of nitrogen from formamide into biomass and the representative product L-lysine. Moreover, we showed ammonium leakage during formamidase-based access of formamide to be exploitable to support growth of formamidase-deficient C. glutamicum in co-cultivation and demonstrated that efficient utilization of formamide as sole nitrogen source benefitted from overexpression of formate dehydrogenase. KEY POINTS: • C. glutamicum was engineered to access formamide. • Formamide-based production of nitrogenous compounds was established. • Nitrogen cross-feeding supported growth of a formamidase-negative strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aron K Dransfeld
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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4
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Wang Y, Li YQ, Wang MJ, Luo CB. Non-sterilized conversion of whole lignocellulosic components into polyhydroxybutyrate by Halomonas sp. Y3 with a dual anti-microbial contamination system. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124606. [PMID: 37116849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to the need for whole components and energy-effective conversion. Herein, Halomonas sp. Y3, a ligninolytic bacterium with the capacity to produce PHB from lignin and cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived sugars, is employed to explore its feasibility. This strain shows high sugar tolerance up to 200 g/L of glucose and 120 g/L of xylose. A dual anti-microbial contamination system (DACS) containing alkali-halophilic system (AHS) and phosphite-urea system (PUS) is presented, successfully achieving a completely aseptic effect and resulting in a total of 8.2 g of PHB production from 100 g bamboo biomass. We further develop a stage-fed-batch fermentation to promote the complete utilization of xylose. Approximately 69.99 g of dry cell weight (DCW) and 46.45 g of PHB with 66.35 % are obtained from a total of 296.58 g of sugars and 5.70 g of lignin, showing a significant advancement for LCB bioconversion. We then delete the native phosphate transporters, rendering the strain unable to grow on phosphate-loaded media, effectively improving the strain biosafety without compromising its ability to produce PHB. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of Y3 as a classic bacterium strain for PHB production with potential uses in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yuan-Qiu Li
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ming-Jun Wang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Chao-Bing Luo
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China.
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5
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Zhao L, Pan J, Ding Y, Cai S, Cai T, Chen L, Ji XM. Coupling continuous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis with piperazine-contained wastewater treatment: Fermentation performance and microbial contamination deciphering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1523-1532. [PMID: 36455823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Open poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fermentation is of great potential, and batch PHB synthesis with piperazine as the nitrogen switch has been realized. However, it is vital to explore the feasibility of continuous PHB fermentation with piperazine-contained wastewater remediation collaboratively. Here, an aerobic membrane bioreactor was constructed for consecutive PHB synthesis. The removal efficiency of piperazine decreased from 100 % to 82.6 % after three cycles, meanwhile, the PHB concentration was 0.39 g·L-1, 0.18 g·L-1, and undetected for each cycle. Microbial community analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were the main contaminating microbes. Furthermore, three metagenome-assembled genomes related to Flavobacterium collumnare, Herbaspirillum aquaticum, and Microbacterium enclense were identified as the dominant contaminating strains. These microbes obtained nitrogenous substrates transformed by Paracoccus sp. TOH, such as amino acids and dissolved organic matter, as nutrient for accumulation. This study verified the practicability of coupling continuous PHB synthesis with industrial wastewater treatment and revealed the derivation mechanism of contaminating species, which could provide a reference for the targeted nitrogen release gene knockout of functional PHB fermentation chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizhen Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiachen Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Cai
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Tianming Cai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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6
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Asin-Garcia E, Batianis C, Li Y, Fawcett JD, de Jong I, Dos Santos VAPM. Phosphite synthetic auxotrophy as an effective biocontainment strategy for the industrial chassis Pseudomonas putida. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:156. [PMID: 35934698 PMCID: PMC9358898 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of biosafety strategies into strain engineering pipelines is crucial for safe-by-design biobased processes. This in turn might enable a more rapid regulatory acceptance of bioengineered organisms in both industrial and environmental applications. For this reason, we equipped the industrially relevant microbial chassis Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with an effective biocontainment strategy based on a synthetic dependency on phosphite, which is generally not readily available in the environment. The produced PSAG-9 strain was first engineered to assimilate phosphite through the genome-integration of a phosphite dehydrogenase and a phosphite-specific transport complex. Subsequently, to deter the strain from growing on naturally assimilated phosphate, all native genes related to its transport were identified and deleted generating a strain unable to grow on media containing any phosphorous source other than phosphite. PSAG-9 exhibited fitness levels with phosphite similar to those of the wild type with phosphate, and low levels of escape frequency. Beyond biosafety, this strategy endowed P. putida with the capacity to be cultured under non-sterile conditions using phosphite as the sole phosphorous source with a reduced risk of contamination by other microbes, while displaying enhanced NADH regenerative capacity. These industrially beneficial features complement the metabolic advantages for which this species is known for, thereby strengthening it as a synthetic biology chassis with potential uses in industry, with suitability towards environmental release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Asin-Garcia
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Batianis
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Yunsong Li
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - James D Fawcett
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW72BX, UK
| | - Ivar de Jong
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands. .,LifeGlimmer GmbH, 12163, Berlin, Germany. .,Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands.
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7
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Meng W, Zhang Y, Ma L, Lü C, Xu P, Ma C, Gao C. Non-Sterilized Fermentation of 2,3-Butanediol with Seawater by Metabolic Engineered Fast-Growing Vibrio natriegens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:955097. [PMID: 35903792 PMCID: PMC9315368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.955097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and environment-friendly microbial fermentation processes have been developed to produce numerous chemicals. However, the high energy input required for sterilization and substantial fresh water consumption restrict the economic feasibility of traditional fermentation processes. To address these problems, Vibrio natriegens, a promising microbial chassis with low nutritional requirements, high salt tolerance and rapid growth rate can be selected as the host for chemical production. In this study, V. natriegens was metabolic engineered to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), an important platform chemical, through non-sterilized fermentation with seawater-based minimal medium after expressing a 2,3-BD synthesis cluster and deleting two byproduct encoding genes. Under optimized fermentative conditions, 41.27 g/L 2,3-BD was produced with a productivity of 3.44 g/L/h and a yield of 0.39 g/g glucose by recombinant strain V. natriegensΔfrdAΔldhA-pETRABC. This study confirmed the feasibility of non-sterilized fermentation using seawater to replace freshwater and other valuable chemicals may also be produced through metabolic engineering of the emerging synthetic biology chassis V. natriegens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Gao,
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8
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Zhao L, Cai S, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Chen L, Ji X, Zhang R, Cai T. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biosynthesis under non-sterile conditions: Piperazine as nitrogen substrate control switch. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1457-1464. [PMID: 35461873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), as a kind of bioplastics for sustainable development, can be synthesized by various microorganisms, however, the high cost of its microbial fermentation is a challenge for its large-scale application. In this study, piperazine degrading strain, Paracoccus sp. TOH, was developed as an excellent chassis for open PHB fermentation with piperazine as controlling element. Whole-genome analysis showed that TOH possesses multi-substrate metabolic pathways to synthesize PHB. Next, TOH could achieve a maximum PHB concentration of 2.42 g L-1, representing a yield of 0.36 g-PHB g-1-glycerol when C/N ratio was set as 60:1 with 10 g L-1 glycerol as substrate. Furthermore, TOH could even synthesize 0.39 g-PHB g-1-glycerol under non-sterile conditions when piperazine was fed with a suitable rate of 1 mg L-1 h-1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that microbial contamination could be effectively inhibited through the regulation of piperazine under non-sterile conditions and TOH dominated the microbial community with a relative abundance of 72.3% at the end of the operational period. This study offers an inspired open PHB fermentation system with piperazine as the control switch, which will realize the goal of efficient industrial biotechnology as well as industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizhen Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Cai
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Tianming Cai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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9
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Su HY, Lin WH, Liang YL, Chou HH, Wu SW, Shi HL, Chen JY, Cheng KK. Co-production of acetoin and succinic acid using corncob hydrolysate by engineered Enterobacter cloacae. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Schwardmann LS, Dransfeld AK, Schäffer T, Wendisch VF. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Sustainable Production of the Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid Dipicolinic Acid. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040730. [PMID: 35456781 PMCID: PMC9024752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid that mediates heat-stability and is easily biodegradable and non-toxic. Currently, the production of DPA is fossil-based, but bioproduction of DPA may help to replace fossil-based plastics as it can be used for the production of polyesters or polyamides. Moreover, it serves as a stabilizer for peroxides or organic materials. The antioxidative, antimicrobial and antifungal effects of DPA make it interesting for pharmaceutical applications. In nature, DPA is essential for sporulation of Bacillus and Clostridium species, and its biosynthesis shares the first three reactions with the L-lysine pathway. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a major host for the fermentative production of amino acids, including the million-ton per year production of L-lysine. This study revealed that DPA reduced the growth rate of C. glutamicum to half-maximal at about 1.6 g·L−1. The first de novo production of DPA by C. glutamicum was established by overexpression of dipicolinate synthase genes from Paenibacillus sonchi genomovar riograndensis SBR5 in a C. glutamicum L-lysine producer strain. Upon systems metabolic engineering, DPA production to 2.5 g·L−1 in shake-flask and 1.5 g·L−1 in fed-batch bioreactor cultivations was shown. Moreover, DPA production from the alternative carbon substrates arabinose, xylose, glycerol, and starch was established. Finally, expression of the codon-harmonized phosphite dehydrogenase gene from P. stutzeri enabled phosphite-dependent non-sterile DPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Aron K. Dransfeld
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Thomas Schäffer
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.S.S.); (A.K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5611
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11
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Toda N, Murakami H, Kanbara A, Kuroda A, Hirota R. Phosphite Reduces the Predation Impact of Poterioochromonasmalhamensis on Cyanobacterial Culture. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071361. [PMID: 34371564 PMCID: PMC8309446 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contamination by the predatory zooplankton Poterioochromonas malhamensis is one of the major threats that causes catastrophic damage to commercial-scale microalgal cultivation. However, knowledge of how to manage predator contamination is limited. Previously, we established a phosphite (Pt)-based culture system by engineering Synechococcus elongatus, which exerted a competitive growth advantage against microbial contaminants that compete with phosphate source. Here, we examined whether Pt is effective in suppressing predator-type contamination. Co-culture experiment of Synechococcus with isolated P. malhamensis revealed that, although an addition of Pt at low concentrations up to 2.0 mM was not effective, increased dosage of Pt (~20 mM) resulted in the reduced grazing impact of P. malhamensis. By using unsterilized raw environmental water collected from rivers or ponds, we found that the suppression effect of Pt was dependent on the type of environmental water used. Eukaryotic microbial community analysis of the cultures using environmental water samples revealed that Paraphysomonas, a colorless Chrysophyceae, emerged and dominated under high-Pt conditions, suggesting that Paraphysomonas is insensitive to Pt compared to P. malhamensis. These findings may provide a clue for developing a strategy to reduce the impact of grazer contamination in commercial-scale microalgal cultivation.
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12
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Lei M, Peng X, Sun W, Zhang D, Wang Z, Yang Z, Zhang C, Yu B, Niu H, Ying H, Ouyang P, Liu D, Chen Y. Nonsterile l-Lysine Fermentation Using Engineered Phosphite-Grown Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10160-10167. [PMID: 34056170 PMCID: PMC8153679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important method for the industrial production of amino acids. However, conventional fermentation processes using C. glutamicum are susceptible to microbial contamination and therefore require equipment sterilization or antibiotic dosing. To establish a more robust fermentation process, l-lysine-producing C. glutamicum was engineered to efficiently utilize xenobiotic phosphite (Pt) by optimizing the expression of Pt dehydrogenase in the exeR genome locus. This ability provided C. glutamicum with a competitive advantage over common contaminating microbes when grown on media containing Pt as a phosphorus source instead of phosphate. As a result, the engineered strain could produce 41.00 g/L l-lysine under nonsterile conditions during batch fermentation for 60 h, whereas the original strain required 72 h to produce 40.78 g/L l-lysine under sterile conditions. Therefore, the recombinant strain can efficiently produce l-lysine under nonsterilized conditions with unaffected production efficiency. Although this anticontamination strategy has been previously reported for other species, this is the first time it has been demonstrated in C. glutamicum; these findings should aid in the further development of cost-efficient amino acid fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiwei Peng
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Di Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhengjiao Yang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huanqing Niu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing
Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
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