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Xu G, Zhang X, Xiao W, Shi J, Xu Z. Production of L-serine and its derivative L-cysteine from renewable feedstocks using Corynebacterium glutamicum: advances and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:448-461. [PMID: 36944486 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2170863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
L-serine and its derivative L-cysteine have broad industrial applications, and their direct fermentative production from renewable biomass is gaining increasing attention. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an extensively studied and well-established industrial microorganism, which is a predominant microbial host for producing amino acids. In this review, updated information on the genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying L-serine and L-cysteine production using C. glutamicum is presented, including their synthesis and degradation pathways, and other intracellular processes related to their production, as well as the mechanisms underlying substrate import and product export are also analyzed. Furthermore, metabolic strategies for strain improvement are systematically discussed, and conclusions and future perspectives for bio-based L-serine and L-cysteine production using C. glutamicum are presented. This review can provide a thorough understanding of L-serine and L-cysteine metabolic pathways to facilitate metabolic engineering modifications of C. glutamicum and development of more efficient industrial fermentation processes for L-serine and L-cysteine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
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2
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You J, Wang Y, Wang K, Du Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang T, Pan X, Rao Z. Utilizing 5' UTR Engineering Enables Fine-Tuning of Multiple Genes within Operons to Balance Metabolic Flux in Bacillus subtilis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38666889 PMCID: PMC11047901 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The application of synthetic biology tools to modulate gene expression to increase yield has been thoroughly demonstrated as an effective and convenient approach in industrial production. In this study, we employed a high-throughput screening strategy to identify a 5' UTR sequence from the genome of B. subtilis 168. This sequence resulted in a 5.8-fold increase in the expression level of EGFP. By utilizing the 5' UTR sequence to overexpress individual genes within the rib operon, it was determined that the genes ribD and ribAB serve as rate-limiting enzymes in the riboflavin synthesis pathway. Constructing a 5' UTR library to regulate EGFP expression resulted in a variation range in gene expression levels exceeding 100-fold. Employing the same 5' UTR library to regulate the expression of EGFP and mCherry within the operon led to a change in the expression ratio of these two genes by over 10,000-fold. So, employing a 5' UTR library to modulate the expression of the rib operon gene and construct a synthetic rib operon resulted in a 2.09-fold increase in riboflavin production. These results indicate that the 5' UTR sequence identified and characterized in this study can serve as a versatile synthetic biology toolkit for achieving complex metabolic network reconstruction. This toolkit can facilitate the fine-tuning of gene expression to produce target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yuxuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing 214200, China
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3
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Sun M, Gao AX, Li A, Ledesma-Amaro R, Wang P, Chen W, Bai Z, Liu X. Hyper-production of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia subunit vaccine proteins in Escherichia coli by developing a bicistronic T7 expression system. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300187. [PMID: 38178735 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The ApxII toxin and the outer membrane lipoprotein (Oml) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are important vaccine antigens against porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), a prevalent infectious disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. Previous studies have reported the recombinant expression of ApxII and Oml in Escherichia coli; however, their yields were not satisfactory. Here, we aimed to enhance the production of ApxII and Oml by constructing a bicistronic expression system based on the widely used T7 promoter. To create efficient T7 bicistronic expression cassettes, 16 different fore-cistron sequences were introduced downstream of the T7 promoter. The expression of three vaccine antigens Oml1, Oml7, and ApxII in the four strongest bicistronic vectors were enhanced compared to the monocistronic control. Further optimization of the fermentation conditions in micro-well plates (MWP) led to improved production. Finally, the production yields reached unprecedented levels of 2.43 g L-1 of Oml1, 2.59 g L-1 of Oml7, and 1.21 g L-1 of ApxII, in a 5 L bioreactor. These three antigens also demonstrated well-protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae infection. In conclusion, this study establishes an efficient bicistronic T7 expression system that can be used to express recombinant proteins in E. coli and achieves the hyper-production of PCP vaccine proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Hall M, Li H, Xu GQ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Protein engineering of NADH pyrophosphatase for efficient biocatalytic production of reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159965. [PMID: 37082214 PMCID: PMC10110983 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: NADH pyrophosphatase, a hydrolase catalyzing the phosphate bond of NADH to reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide, has potential applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Methods: Here, we investigated the effects of vector screening, promoter and RBS strategies on NADH pyrophosphatase expression and protein engineering on its enzymatic activity and thermal stability. Results: In this study, we describe a NADH pyrophosphatase derived from Escherichia coli (EcNudc). Strategies focusing on expression regulation including screening vectors, optimizing promoters and ribosome binding sites were utilized to enhance the productivity of EcNudc (1.8 U/mL). Moreover, protein engineering was adopted to further improve the catalytic properties of EcNudc, achieving 3.3-fold higher activity and 3.6-fold greater thermostability at 50°C. Furthermore, fermentation for the combined mutant R148A-H149E (EcNudc-M) production in a 7 L fermenter was implemented and the enzyme activity of EcNudc-M reached 33.0 U/mL. Finally, the EcNudc-M was applied in the catalysis of NADH with the highest NMNH yield of 16.65 g/L. Discussion: In conclusion, we constructed a commercially available genetically engineered strain with high activity and thermal stability of NADH pyrophosphatase, laying a broad foundation for the biocatalytic industrial production of NMNH and expand its application range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Song Gong,
| | | | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael Hall
- Seragon Biosciences, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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5
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Lee SM, Jeong KJ. Advances in Synthetic Biology Tools and Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a Platform Host for Recombinant Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Liu W, Tang S, Peng J, Pan L, Wang J, Cheng H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhou H. Enhancing heterologous expression of a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5162-5171. [PMID: 35289934 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in human milk and has important physiological functions. The market demand of 2'-FL is continuing to grow, but high production cost has limited its availability. To solve the dilemma, biosynthesis of 2'-FL has been proposed and is considered the most promising pathway for massive production. α-1,2-Fucosyltransferase is one of the key elements involved in its biosynthesis, but the limited intracellular accumulation and unstable properties of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases when expressed in host strains have become a major hurdle for the effective biosynthesis of 2'-FL. RESULTS A combinatorial engineering strategy of synergic modification of ribosome binding site, fusion peptide and enzyme gene was leveraged to enhance the soluble expression of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases and promote enzyme activity. The preferable combination was to employ an optimized ribosome binding site region to drive 3 × FLAG as a fusion partner along with the α-1,2-fucosyltransferase for expression in Escherichia coli (DE3) PlySs, and protein yield and enzyme activity were remarkably improved by 11.51-fold and 13.72-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION After finely tuning the synergy among different elements, the abundant protein yield and high enzyme activity confirmed that the drawbacks of heterologous expression in α-1,2-fucosyltransferase had been properly addressed. A suitable external environment further drives the efficient synthesis of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a systematic and effective modification of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase expression, which could potentially serve as a guideline for industrial application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shizhe Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Ausnutria Dairy China Co. Ltd, Ausnutria Institute Food & Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ausnutria Dairy China Co. Ltd, Ausnutria Institute Food & Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Haina Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Duan Y, Zhang X, Zhai W, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xu G, Li H, Deng Z, Shi J, Xu Z. Deciphering the Rules of Ribosome Binding Site Differentiation in Context Dependence. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2726-2740. [PMID: 35877551 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ribosome binding site (RBS) is a crucial element regulating translation. However, the activity of RBS is poorly predictable, because it is strongly affected by the local possible secondary structure, that is, context dependence. By the Flowseq technique, over 20 000 RBS variants were sorted and sequenced, and the translation of multiple genes under the same RBS was quantitatively characterized to evaluate the context dependence of each RBS variant in E. coli. Two regions, (-7 to -2) and (-17 to -12), of RBS were predicted with a higher possibility to pair with each other to slow down the translation initiation. Associations between phenotypes and the intrinsic factors suspected to affect translation efficiency and context dependence of the RBS, including nucleotide bias at each position, free energy, and conservation, were disentangled. The results showed that translation efficiency was influenced more significantly by conservation of the SD region (-16 to -8), while an AC-rich spacer region (-7 to -1) was associated with low context dependence. We confirmed these characteristics using a series of synthesized RBSs. The average correlation between multiple reporters was significantly higher for RBSs with an AC-rich spacer (0.714) compared with a GU-rich spacer (0.286). Overall, we proposed general design criteria to improve programmability and minimize context dependence of RBS. The characteristics unraveled here can be adapted to other bacteria for fine-tuning target-gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Duan
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiji Zhai
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaohong Deng
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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8
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You J, Du Y, Pan X, Zhang X, Yang T, Rao Z. Increased Production of Riboflavin by Coordinated Expression of Multiple Genes in Operons in Bacillus subtilis. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1801-1810. [PMID: 35467340 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential vitamin widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. However, the insufficient supply of precursors caused by the imbalance of intracellular metabolic flow limits the riboflavin synthesis by industrial strains. Here, we increase riboflavin production by tuning multiple gene expression to balance intracellular metabolic flow. First, we tuned the expression of mCherry and egfp genes within operons by generating libraries of tunable intergenic regions (TIGRs) and confirmed the relative expression of the two reporter genes. The TIGR library can coordinate the expression ratio of reporter genes more than 180 times in Escherichia coli and more than 70 times in Bacillus subtilis. Next, we used this strategy to tune the expression of zwf, ribBA, and ywlf genes within operons through the TIGR library to increase the intracellular precursor pool for riboflavin biosynthesis. Based on the fluorescence characteristics of riboflavin, 96-well plates were used to screen the optimal combination mutants quickly. The best-engineered strain was selected from the library, which produced 2.7 g/L riboflavin, increasing by 64.35% in the shake flask. Finally, the riboflavin titer increased by 59.27% to 11.77 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. The strategy described here will contribute to the industrial production of riboflavin and related products by B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Hai-De W, Shuai L, Bing-Bing W, Jie L, Jian-Zhong X, Wei-Guo Z. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient production of l-arginine. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 122:127-150. [PMID: 37085192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a semi-essential amino acid, l-arginine (l-Arg) plays an important role in food, health care, and medical treatment. At present, the main method of producing l-Arg is the use of microbial fermentation. Therefore, the selection and breeding of high-efficiency microbial strains is the top priority. To continuously improve the l-Arg production performance of the strains, a series of metabolic engineering strategies have been tried to transform the strains. The production of l-Arg by metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) reached a relatively high level. Escherichia coli (E. coli), as a strain with great potential for l-Arg production, also has a large number of research strategies aimed at screening effective E. coli for producing l-Arg. E. coli also has a number of advantages over C. glutamicum in producing l-Arg. Therefore, it is of great significance to screen out excellent and stable E. coli to produce l-Arg. Here, based on recent research results, we review the metabolic pathways of l-Arg production in E. coli, the research progress of l-Arg production in E. coli, and various regulatory strategies implemented in E. coli.
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10
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Chai M, Deng C, Chen Q, Lu W, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Synthetic Biology Toolkits and Metabolic Engineering Applied in Corynebacterium glutamicum for Biomanufacturing. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3237-3250. [PMID: 34855356 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse in industrial white biotechnology. It has been widely applied in the producing processes of amino acids, fuels, and diverse value-added chemicals. With the continuous disclosure of genetic regulation mechanisms, various strategies and technologies of synthetic biology were used to design and construct C. glutamicum cells for biomanufacturing and bioremediation. This study mainly aimed to summarize the design and construction strategies of C. glutamicum-engineered strains, which were based on genomic modification, synthetic biological device-assisted metabolic flux optimization, and directed evolution-based engineering. Then, taking two important bioproducts (N-acetylglucosamine and hyaluronic acid) as examples, the applications of C. glutamicum cell factories were introduced. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future development trends of C. glutamicum-engineered strain construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shandong Runde Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang JY, Rao ZM, Xu JZ, Zhang WG. Enhancing β-alanine production from glucose in genetically modified Corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic pathway engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9153-9166. [PMID: 34837493 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To directly produce β-alanine from glucose by microbial fermentation, a recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain with high efficiency of β-alanine production was constructed in this study. To do this, the biosynthetic pathway of β-alanine in an L-lysine-producing strain XQ-5 was modified by enhancing carbon flux in biosynthetic pathway and limiting carbon flux in competitive pathway. This study showed that replacement of L-aspartate kinase (AK) with wild-type AK and disruption of lactate dehydrogenase and alanine/valine aminotransferases increase β-alanine production because of decreasing the by-products accumulation. Moreover, L-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (ADC) from Bacillus subtilis was designed as the best enzyme for increasing β-alanine production, and its variant (BsADCE56S/I88M) showed the highest activity for catalyzing L-aspartate to generate β-alanine. To further increase β-alanine production, expression level of BsADCE56S/I88M was controlled by optimizing promoter and RBS, indicating that Pgro plus ThirRBS is the best combination for BsADCE56S/I88M expression and β-alanine production. The resultant strain XQ-5.5 produced 30.7 ± 2.3 g/L of β-alanine with a low accumulation of lactate (from 5.2 ± 0.14 to 0.2 ± 0.09 g/L) and L-alanine (from 7.6 ± 0.22 to 3.8 ± 0. 32 g/L) in shake-flask fermentation and produced 56.5 ± 3.2 g/L of β-alanine with a productivity of 0.79 g/(L·h) and the glucose conversion efficiency (α) of 39.5% in feed-batch fermentation. This is the first report of genetically modifying the biosynthetic pathway of β-alanine that improves the efficiency of β-alanine production in an L-lysine-producing strain, and these results give us a new insight for constructing the other valuable biochemical. KEY POINTS: • Optimization and overexpression of the key enzyme BsADC increased the accumulation of β-alanine. • The AK was replaced with wild-type AK to increase the conversion of aspartic acid to β-alanine. • A 56.5-g/L β-alanine production in fed-batch fermentation was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang S, Wang D, Wang R, Zhao C, Ma Q, Wu H, Xie X. Reconstructing a recycling and nonauxotroph biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli toward highly efficient production of L-citrulline. Metab Eng 2021; 68:220-231. [PMID: 34688880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-citrulline is a high-value amino acid with promising application in medicinal and food industries. Construction of highly efficient microbial cell factories for L-citrulline production is still an open issue due to complex metabolic flux distribution and L-arginine auxotrophy. In this study, we constructed a nonauxotrophic cell factory in Escherichia coli for high-titer L-citrulline production by coupling modular engineering strategies with dynamic pathway regulation. First, the biosynthetic pathway of L-citrulline was enhanced after blockage of the degradation pathway and introduction of heterologous biosynthetic genes from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Specifically, a superior recycling biosynthetic pathway was designed to replace the native linear pathway by deleting native acetylornithine deacetylase. Next, the carbamoyl phosphate and L-glutamate biosynthetic modules, the NADPH generation module, and the efflux module were modified to increase L-citrulline titer further. Finally, a toggle switch that responded to cell density was designed to dynamically control the expression of the argG gene and reconstruct a nonauxotrophic pathway. Without extra supplement of L-arginine during fermentation, the final CIT24 strain produced 82.1 g/L L-citrulline in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield of 0.34 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.71 g/(L ⋅ h), which were the highest values reported by microbial fermentation. Our study not only demonstrated the successful design of cell factory for high-level L-citrulline production but also provided references of coupling the rational module engineering strategies and dynamic regulation strategies to produce high-value intermediate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Dehu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Chunguang Zhao
- Ningxia Eppen Biotech Co, Ltd, Ningxia, 750000, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Heyun Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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Sun M, Gao AX, Li A, Liu X, Wang R, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu C, Bai Z. Bicistronic design as recombinant expression enhancer: characteristics, applications, and structural optimization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7709-7720. [PMID: 34596722 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bicistronic design (BCD) is characterized by a short fore-cistron sequence and a second Shine-Dalgarno (SD2) sequence upstream of the target gene. The outstanding performance of this expression cassette in promoting recombinant protein production has attracted attention. Recently, the application of the BCD has been further extended to gene expression control, protein translation monitoring, and membrane protein production. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, molecular mechanisms, applications, and structural optimization of the BCD expression cassette. We also specifically discuss the challenges that the BCD system still faces. This is the first review of the BCD expression strategy, and it is believed that an in-depth understanding of the BCD will help researchers to better utilize and develop it. KEY POINTS: • Summary of the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the BCD system. • Review of the actual applications of the BCD expression cassette. • Summary of the structural optimization of the BCD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Rongbing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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