1
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Sun X, Zhang T, Liu Y, Chen P, Qin H, Yang J, Sun Y. Self-assembled multienzyme complex facilitates synthesis of glucosylglycerol from maltodextrin and glycerol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:266-272. [PMID: 37551437 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound 2-O-α-d-glucosylglycerol (2αGG) naturally serves as a compatible osmolyte in acclimation to environmental stresses, such as high osmolarity, dryness, and extreme temperature. It presents several bioactivities and has been used in the food, agriculture, and cosmetics areas. RESULTS In the present study, we attempted to synthesize the 2αGG from low-cost maltodextrin and glycerol by constructing an in vitro multi-enzyme system. The system contained two core enzymes, namely glucan phosphorylases (GPs) and glucosylglycerol phosphorylases (GGPs), and two auxiliary enzymes, namely isoamylase and 4-α-glucanotransferase. Several new GGPs from different organisms were characterized with the function of converting α-G1P and glycerol to sole stereo-configuration product 2αGG. Then, polypeptide SpyTag-SpyCatcher was employed to construct a self-assembled multienzyme complex, and different combinations between enzymes and peptides were constructed and tested. The best self-assembled multienzyme complex exhibited three-fold higher productivity compared to that of free enzyme. This reaction system also produced 240 mm (61 g L-1 ) 2αGG under high substrate concentration, with a conversion yield of 86%. CONCLUSION The present study provides an efficient approach for producing 2αGG. It also demonstrates that the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system could be applied to construct other multienzyme complexes for increased productivity and product titer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yinlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Chen Z, Wu T, Yu S, Li M, Fan X, Huo YX. Self-assembly systems to troubleshoot metabolic engineering challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:43-60. [PMID: 37451946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme self-assembly is a technology in which enzyme units can aggregate into ordered macromolecules, assisted by scaffolds. In metabolic engineering, self-assembly strategies have been explored for aggregating multiple enzymes in the same pathway to improve sequential catalytic efficiency, which in turn enables high-level production. The performance of the scaffolds is critical to the formation of an efficient and stable assembly system. This review comprehensively analyzes these scaffolds by exploring how they assemble, and it illustrates how to apply self-assembly strategies for different modules in metabolic engineering. Functional modifications to scaffolds will further promote efficient strategies for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhe Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
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3
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Ye DY, Moon JH, Jung GY. Recent Progress in Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Various C4 and C5-Dicarboxylic Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:10916-10931. [PMID: 37458388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to petrochemical synthesis, well-established industrial microbes, such as Escherichia coli, are employed to produce a wide range of chemicals, including dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), which have significant potential in diverse areas including biodegradable polymers. The demand for biodegradable polymers has been steadily rising, prompting the development of efficient production pathways on four- (C4) and five-carbon (C5) DCAs derived from central carbon metabolism to meet the increased demand via the biosynthesis. In this context, E. coli is utilized to produce these DCAs through various metabolic engineering strategies, including the design or selection of metabolic pathways, pathway optimization, and enhancement of catalytic activity. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in metabolic engineering techniques for the production of C4 and C5 DCAs in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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4
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Hu L, Wang Y, Wang L, Xiao S, Zheng Y, Yin G, Du G, Chen J, Kang Z. Construction of Osmotic Pressure Responsive Vacuole-like Bacterial Organelles with Capsular Polysaccharides as Building Blocks. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:750-760. [PMID: 36872621 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Many artificial organelles or subcellular compartments have been developed to tune gene expression, regulate metabolic pathways, or endow new cell functions. Most of these organelles or compartments were built using proteins or nucleic acids as building blocks. In this study, we demonstrated that capsular polysaccharide (CPS) retained inside bacteria cytosol assembled into mechanically stable CPS compartments. The CPS compartments were able to accommodate and release protein molecules but not lipids or nucleic acids. Intriguingly, we found that the CPS compartment size responds to osmotic stress and this compartment improves cell survival under high osmotic pressures, which was similar to the vacuole functionalities. By fine-tuning the synthesis and degradation of CPS with osmotic stress-responsive promoters, we achieved dynamic regulation of the size of CPS compartments and the host cells in response to external osmotic stress. Our results shed new light on developing prokaryotic artificial organelles with carbohydrate macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Hu
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sen Xiao
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yilin Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guobin Yin
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Kolasinliler G, Aagre MM, Akkale C, Kaya HB. The use of CRISPR-Cas-based systems in bacterial cell factories. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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6
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Engineering an SspB-mediated degron for novel controllable protein degradation. Metab Eng 2022; 74:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Ye DY, Noh MH, Moon JH, Milito A, Kim M, Lee JW, Yang JS, Jung GY. Kinetic compartmentalization by unnatural reaction for itaconate production. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5353. [PMID: 36097012 PMCID: PMC9468356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical compartmentalization of metabolism using membranous organelles in eukaryotes is helpful for chemical biosynthesis to ensure the availability of substrates from competitive metabolic reactions. Bacterial hosts lack such a membranous system, which is one of the major limitations for efficient metabolic engineering. Here, we employ kinetic compartmentalization with the introduction of an unnatural enzymatic reaction by an engineered enzyme as an alternative strategy to enable substrate availability from competitive reactions through kinetic isolation of metabolic pathways. As a proof of concept, we kinetically isolate the itaconate synthetic pathway from the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Escherichia coli, which is natively separated by mitochondrial membranes in Aspergillus terreus. Specifically, 2-methylcitrate dehydratase is engineered to alternatively catalyze citrate and kinetically secure cis-aconitate for efficient production using a high-throughput screening system. Itaconate production can be significantly improved with kinetic compartmentalization and its strategy has the potential to be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfonsina Milito
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Minsun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhao M, Li Y, Wang F, Ren Y, Wei D. A CRISPRi mediated self-inducible system for dynamic regulation of TCA cycle and improvement of itaconic acid production in Escherichia coli. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:982-988. [PMID: 35782485 PMCID: PMC9213231 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (ITA), an effective alternative fossil fuel, derives from the bypass pathway of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Therefore, the imbalance of metabolic flux between TCA cycle and ITA biosynthetic pathway seriously limits the production of ITA. The optimization of flux distribution between biomass and production has the potential to the productivity of ITA. Based on the previously constructed strain Escherichia coli MG1655 Δ1-SAS-3 (ITA titer: 1.87 g/L), a CRISPRi-mediated self-inducible system (CiMS), which contained a responsive module based on the ITA biosensor YpItcR/P ccl and a regulative CRISPRi-mediated interferential module, was developed to regulate the flux of the TCA cycle and to enhance the capacity of the strain to produce ITA. First, a higher ITA-yielding strain, Δ4-P rmd -SAS-3 (ITA titer: 3.20 g/L), derived from Δ1-SAS-3, was constructed by replacing the promoter P J23100 , for the expression of ITA synthesis genes, with P rmd and knocking out the three bypass genes poxB, pflB, and ldhA. Subsequently, the CiMS was used to inhibit the expression of key genes icd, pykA, and sucCD to dynamically balance the metabolic flux between TCA cycle and ITA biosynthetic pathway during the ITA production stage. The constructed strain Δ4-P rmd -SAS-3 under the dynamic regulation of the CiMS, showed a 23% increase in the ITA titer, which reached 3.93 g/L. This study indicated that CiMS was a practical strategy to dynamically and precisely regulated the metabolic flux in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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9
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Li Y, Zhao M, Wei D, Zhang J, Ren Y. Photocontrol of Itaconic Acid Synthesis in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2080-2088. [PMID: 35638258 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering aims to control cellular metabolic flow and maximize the production of a product of interest. Photocontrol of the activities of proteins is an effective method for accurately regulating metabolic pathways. In this study, we inserted the photosensor light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domain 2 of Avena sativa (AsLOV2) into selected sites of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), the key enzyme in the competitive pathway of itaconic acid (ITA) synthesis, to construct photoswitchable IDH-AsLOV2 (ILOVs). These engineered light-sensitive proteins were used to regulate the metabolic flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Escherichia coli to improve ITA production. The engineered fusion proteins ILOV2, ILOV3, ILOV6, and ILOV7 exhibited effective reversibility under the oscillation of darkness and blue light illumination in vitro. The efficacies of the intracellular photoswitches were evaluated, and an optimal photocontrol strategy was established in vivo. The ITA titer was significantly enhanced to 3.30 g/L for strain ITAΔ43, which displayed superior photoswitchable potency for ITA production compared with the strains that completely deleted the icd gene. The photocontrol strategy developed here can be extended for process optimization and titer improvement of other high-value bioengineering chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Liu J, Liu J, Guo L, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L, Gao C. Advances in microbial synthesis of bioplastic monomers. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 119:35-81. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Lu KW, Wang CT, Chang H, Wang RS, Shen CR. Overcoming glutamate auxotrophy in Escherichia coli itaconate overproducer by the Weimberg pathway. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00190. [PMID: 34934621 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of itaconic acid occurs through decarboxylation of the TCA cycle intermediate cis-aconitate. Engineering of efficient itaconate producers often requires elimination of the highly active isocitrate dehydrogenase to conserve cis-aconitate, leading to 2-ketoglutarate auxotrophy in the producing strains. Supplementation of glutamate or complex protein hydrolysate then becomes necessary, often in large quantities, to support the high cell density desired during itaconate fermentation and adds to the production cost. Here, we present an alternative approach to overcome the glutamate auxotrophy in itaconate producers by synthetically introducing the Weimberg pathway from Burkholderia xenovorans for 2-ketoglutarate biosynthesis. Because of its independence from natural carbohydrate assimilation pathways in Escherichia coli, the Weimberg pathway is able to provide 2-ketoglutarate using xylose without compromising the carbon flux toward itaconate. With xylose concentration carefully tuned to minimize excess 2-ketoglutarate flux in the stationary phase, the final strain accumulated 20 g/L of itaconate in minimal medium from 18 g/L of xylose and 45 g/L of glycerol. Necessity of the recombinant Weimberg pathway for growth also allowed us to maintain multi-copy plasmids carrying in operon the itaconate-producing genes without addition of antibiotics. Use of the Weimberg pathway for growth restoration is applicable to other production systems with disrupted 2-ketoglutarate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken W Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chris T Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hengray Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ryan S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Claire R Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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12
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Xu Y, Li Z. Utilization of ethanol for itaconic acid biosynthesis by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6329683. [PMID: 34320205 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ethanol can serve as both a carbon source and NADH donor for the production of acetyl-CoA derivatives. Here we investigated the metabolic regulation of ethanol utilization for itaconic acid production by S. cerevisiae. To understand the interconnection between the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate pathway, mitochondrial membrane transporter proteins SFC1, YHM2, CTP1, DIC1, and MPC1 were knocked out and results showed that SFC1 functions as an important entrance of the glyoxylate pathway into the TCA cycle, and YHM2 is helpful to IA production but not the primary pathway for citric acid supply. To decrease the accumulation of acetic acid, the major ADP/ATP carrier of the mitochondrial inner membrane, AAC2, was upregulated and determined to accelerate ethanol utilization and itaconic acid production. RNA sequencing results showed that AAC2 overexpression enhanced IA titer by upregulating the ethanol-acetyl-CoA pathway and NADH oxidase in the mitochondrial membrane. RNA-seq analysis also suggested that aconitase ACO1 may be a rate-limiting step of IA production. However, the expression of exogenous aconitase didn't increase IA production but enhanced the rate of ethanol utilization and decreased cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Ji D, Li J, Xu F, Ren Y, Wang Y. Improve the Biosynthesis of Baicalein and Scutellarein via Manufacturing Self-Assembly Enzyme Reactor In Vivo. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1087-1094. [PMID: 33880917 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein and scutellarein are bioactive flavonoids isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; however, there is a lack of effective strategies for producing baicalein and scutellarein. In this study, we developed a sequential self-assembly enzyme reactor involving two enzymes in the baicalein pathway with a pair of protein-peptide interactions in E. coli. These domains enabled us to optimize the stoichiometry of two baicalein biosynthetic enzymes recruited to be an enzymes complex. This strategy reduces the accumulation of intermediates and removes the pathway bottleneck. With this strategy, we successfully promoted the titer of baicalein by 6.6-fold (from 21.6 to 143.5 mg/L) and that of scutellarein by 1.4-fold (from 84.3 to 120.4 mg/L) in a flask fermentation, respectively. Furthermore, we first achieved the de novo biosynthesis of baicalein directly from glucose, and the strain was capable of producing 214.1 mg/L baicalein by fed-batch fermentation. This work provides novel insights for future optimization and large-scale fermentation of baicalein and scutellarein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanglin Xu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, He’nan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hu’nan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
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14
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Abstract
Significant advances in enzyme discovery, protein and reaction engineering have transformed biocatalysis into a viable technology for the industrial scale manufacturing of chemicals. Multi-enzyme catalysis has emerged as a new frontier for the synthesis of complex chemicals. However, the in vitro operation of multiple enzymes simultaneously in one vessel poses challenges that require new strategies for increasing the operational performance of enzymatic cascade reactions. Chief among those strategies is enzyme co-immobilization. This review will explore how advances in synthetic biology and protein engineering have led to bioinspired co-localization strategies for the scaffolding and compartmentalization of enzymes. Emphasis will be placed on genetically encoded co-localization mechanisms as platforms for future autonomously self-organizing biocatalytic systems. Such genetically programmable systems could be produced by cell factories or emerging cell-free systems. Challenges and opportunities towards self-assembling, multifunctional biocatalytic materials will be discussed.
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15
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Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Nature Inspired Multienzyme Immobilization: Strategies and Concepts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1077-1114. [PMID: 35014469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a biological system, the spatiotemporal arrangement of enzymes in a dense cellular milieu, subcellular compartments, membrane-associated enzyme complexes on cell surfaces, scaffold-organized proteins, protein clusters, and modular enzymes have presented many paradigms for possible multienzyme immobilization designs that were adapted artificially. In metabolic channeling, the catalytic sites of participating enzymes are close enough to channelize the transient compound, creating a high local concentration of the metabolite and minimizing the interference of a competing pathway for the same precursor. Over the years, these phenomena had motivated researchers to make their immobilization approach naturally realistic by generating multienzyme fusion, cluster formation via affinity domain-ligand binding, cross-linking, conjugation on/in the biomolecular scaffold of the protein and nucleic acids, and self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. This review begins with the discussion of substrate channeling strategies and recent empirical efforts to build it synthetically. After that, an elaborate discussion covering prevalent concepts related to the enhancement of immobilized enzymes' catalytic performance is presented. Further, the central part of the review summarizes the progress in nature motivated multienzyme assembly over the past decade. In this section, special attention has been rendered by classifying the nature-inspired strategies into three main categories: (i) multienzyme/domain complex mimic (scaffold-free), (ii) immobilization on the biomolecular scaffold, and (iii) compartmentalization. In particular, a detailed overview is correlated to the natural counterpart with advances made in the field. We have then discussed the beneficial account of coassembly of multienzymes and provided a synopsis of the essential parameters in the rational coimmobilization design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi C Dubey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Li W, Shen X, Wang J, Sun X, Yuan Q. Engineering microorganisms for the biosynthesis of dicarboxylic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 48:107710. [PMID: 33582180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are important commodity chemicals which have been widely applied in polymer, food and pharmaceutical industries. Biosynthesis of DCAs from renewable carbon sources represents a promising alternative to chemical synthesis. Over the years, the recombinant strains have been constructed to produce an increasing number of DCAs. In this review, recent advances on the microbial synthesis of various DCAs have been summarized and categorized into three groups: the tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived, lysine metabolism-related, and aromatic compounds degradation-derived DCAs. We focused mainly on the metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for improving the production efficiency, including metabolic flux analysis, fine-tuning of gene expression, cofactor balancing, metabolic compartmentalization, dynamic regulation and co-culture to regulate the production at multiple levels. The current challenges and perspectives have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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The Salmonella LysR Family Regulator RipR Activates the SPI-13-Encoded Itaconate Degradation Cluster. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00303-20. [PMID: 32719152 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00303-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is a dicarboxylic acid that inhibits the isocitrate lyase enzyme of the bacterial glyoxylate shunt. Activated macrophages have been shown to produce itaconate, suggesting that these immune cells may employ this metabolite as a weapon against invading bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro, itaconate can exhibit bactericidal effects under acidic conditions similar to the pH of a macrophage phagosome. In parallel, successful pathogens, including Salmonella, have acquired a genetic operon encoding itaconate degradation proteins, which are induced heavily in macrophages. We characterized the regulation of this operon by the neighboring gene ripR in specific response to itaconate. Moreover, we developed an itaconate biosensor based on the operon promoter that can detect itaconate in a semiquantitative manner and, when combined with the ripR gene, is sufficient for itaconate-regulated expression in Escherichia coli Using this biosensor with fluorescence microscopy, we observed bacteria responding to itaconate in the phagosomes of macrophages and provide additional evidence that gamma interferon stimulates macrophage itaconate synthesis and that J774 mouse macrophages produce substantially more itaconate than the human THP-1 monocyte cell line. In summary, we examined the role of itaconate as an antibacterial metabolite in mouse and human macrophages, characterized the regulation of Salmonella's defense against it, and developed it as a convenient itaconate biosensor and inducible promoter system.
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19
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Ding W, Zhang Y, Shi S. Development and Application of CRISPR/Cas in Microbial Biotechnology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:711. [PMID: 32695770 PMCID: PMC7338305 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) system has been rapidly developed as versatile genomic engineering tools with high efficiency, accuracy and flexibility, and has revolutionized traditional methods for applications in microbial biotechnology. Here, key points of building reliable CRISPR/Cas system for genome engineering are discussed, including the Cas protein, the guide RNA and the donor DNA. Following an overview of various CRISPR/Cas tools for genome engineering, including gene activation, gene interference, orthogonal CRISPR systems and precise single base editing, we highlighted the application of CRISPR/Cas toolbox for multiplexed engineering and high throughput screening. We then summarize recent applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in metabolic engineering toward production of chemicals and natural compounds, and end with perspectives of future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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20
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Jin X, Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang W, Xu R, Li J, Du G, Kang Z. Optimizing the sulfation-modification system for scale preparation of chondroitin sulfate A. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116570. [PMID: 32747242 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from animal tissues has been widely used as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products for osteoarthritis treatment. Here we developed an efficient sulfation-modification system for large scale preparation of CSA in vitro. First, the expression level of C4ST was improved by 30 times with fusion of the chaperone SUMO. Then, glycerol as a protein stabilizer was found to improve rat AST IV stability during the regeneration of cofactor PAPS. Then peptide linkers or protein scaffolds were employed to assemble AST IV and C4ST into artificial complexes to bring the enzymes and PAPS spatially closer and enhance the catalytic efficiency of chondroitin sulfation. Eventually, the system was scaled up to 1 L system and 15 g chondroitin was converted to CSA in 24 h, with a 98 % conversion. The present study made a step further towards the industrial production of CSA with different sulfation degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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21
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Zhang X, Cui X, Shen S, Li Z. Engineering of supramolecular nanoreactors by assembly of multiple enzymes for ATP regeneration in vitro. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Li T, Li R, Zhu T, Cui X, Li C, Cui Y, Wu B. Improving the System Performance of the Asymmetric Biosynthesis of d-Pantoic Acid by Using Artificially Self-Assembled Enzymes in Escherichia coli. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:219-224. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Tong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xuexian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chuijian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yinglu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Bian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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23
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Ellis GA, Klein WP, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Thakur M, Walper SA, Medintz IL. Artificial Multienzyme Scaffolds: Pursuing in Vitro Substrate Channeling with an Overview of Current Progress. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - William P. Klein
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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24
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Abstract
One approach to bringing enzymes together for multienzyme biocatalysis is genetic fusion. This enables the production of multifunctional enzymes that can be used for whole-cell biotransformations or for in vitro (cascade) reactions. In some cases and in some aspects, such as expression and conversions, the fused enzymes outperform a combination of the individual enzymes. In contrast, some enzyme fusions are greatly compromised in activity and/or expression. In this Minireview, we give an overview of studies on fusions between two or more enzymes that were used for biocatalytic applications, with a focus on oxidative enzymes. Typically, the enzymes are paired to facilitate cofactor recycling or cosubstrate supply. In addition, different linker designs are briefly discussed. Although enzyme fusion is a promising tool for some biocatalytic applications, future studies could benefit from integrating the findings of previous studies in order to improve reliability and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso S. Aalbers
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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25
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He J, Sun S, Lu M, Yuan Q, Liu Y, Liang H. Metal-nucleobase hybrid nanoparticles for enhancing the activity and stability of metal-activated enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6293-6296. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for enhancing the activity and stability of metal-activated enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) by allosteric control and confinement of metal-nulceobase hybrid coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Lu
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- State key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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26
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Kuan SL, Bergamini FRG, Weil T. Functional protein nanostructures: a chemical toolbox. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:9069-9105. [PMID: 30452046 PMCID: PMC6289173 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature has evolved an optimal synthetic factory in the form of translational and posttranslational processes by which millions of proteins with defined primary sequences and 3D structures can be built. Nature's toolkit gives rise to protein building blocks, which dictates their spatial arrangement to form functional protein nanostructures that serve a myriad of functions in cells, ranging from biocatalysis, formation of structural networks, and regulation of biochemical processes, to sensing. With the advent of chemical tools for site-selective protein modifications and recombinant engineering, there is a rapid development to develop and apply synthetic methods for creating structurally defined, functional protein nanostructures for a broad range of applications in the fields of catalysis, materials and biomedical sciences. In this review, design principles and structural features for achieving and characterizing functional protein nanostructures by synthetic approaches are summarized. The synthetic customization of protein building blocks, the design and introduction of recognition units and linkers and subsequent assembly into structurally defined protein architectures are discussed herein. Key examples of these supramolecular protein nanostructures, their unique functions and resultant impact for biomedical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research
,
Ackermannweg 10
, 55128 Mainz
, Germany
.
;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I – Ulm University
,
Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
, 89081 Ulm
, Germany
| | - Fernando R. G. Bergamini
- Institute of Chemistry
, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU
,
38400-902 Uberlândia
, MG
, Brazil
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research
,
Ackermannweg 10
, 55128 Mainz
, Germany
.
;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I – Ulm University
,
Albert-Einstein-Allee 11
, 89081 Ulm
, Germany
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