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Sarrato J, Pinto AL, Cruz H, Jordão N, Malta G, Branco PS, Lima JC, Branco LC. Effect of Iodide-Based Organic Salts and Ionic Liquid Additives in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2988. [PMID: 36080024 PMCID: PMC9457700 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquid and organic salts as additives for electrolyte systems in dye-sensitized solar cells have been widely described in recent years. The tunability of their physical-chemical properties according to the cation-anion selection contributes toward their high efficiencies. For this purpose, several iodide-based organic salts including imidazolium, picolinium, guanidinium and alkylammonium cations were tested using acetonitrile/valeronitrile electrolytes and their photovoltaic parameters were compared. A best efficiency of 4.48% (4.15% for the reference) was found for 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide ([C2DMIM]I) containing electrolyte, reaffirming the effectiveness of these additives. 4-tertbutylpyridine was included into the formulation to further improve the performance while determining which iodide salts demonstrate the highest synergy with this additive. [C2DMIM]I once again proved to be the superior additive, achieving an efficiency of 6.48% (6% for the reference). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to elucidate the effects of the various additives, demonstrating the relevance of the counter electrode resistance on device performance. Finally, several computational descriptors for the cationic structures were calculated and correlated with the photovoltaic and resistance parameters, showing that properties related to polarity, namely relative positive charge, molecular polarizability and partition coefficient are in good agreement with the counter-electrode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis C. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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2
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Korobeinikov NA, Usoltsev AN, Shentseva IA, Abramov PA, Korolkov IV, Plusnin PE, Kolesov BA, Sokolov MN, Adonin SA. TRIIODIDE SALTS OF 4-DIMETHYLAMINO- AND 3-BROMO-1-METHYLPYRIDINIUM: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND FEATURES OF NON-COVALENT I⋯I INTERACTIONS IN SOLIDS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Ordinartsev AA, Petrov AA, Lyssenko KA, Petrov AV, Goodilin EA, Tarasov AB. Crystal structure of new formamidinium triiodide jointly refined by single-crystal XRD, Raman scattering spectroscopy and DFT assessment of hydrogen-bond network features. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:692-695. [PMID: 34513012 PMCID: PMC8382056 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021005673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel triiodide phase of the formamidinium cation, CH5N2 +·I3 -, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P at a temperature of 110 K. The structure consists of two independent isolated triiodide ions located on inversion centers. The centrosymmetric character of I3 - was additionally confirmed by the observed pronounced peaks of symmetrical oscillations of I3 - at 115-116 cm-1 in Raman scattering spectra. An additional structural feature is that each terminal iodine atom is connected with three neighboring planar formamidinium cations by N-H⋯I hydrogen bonding with the N-H⋯I bond length varying from 2.81 to 3.08 Å, forming a deformed two-dimensional framework of hydrogen bonds. A Mulliken population analysis showed that the calculated charges of hydrogen atoms correlate well with hydrogen-bond lengths. The crystal studied was refined as a three-component twin with domain ratios of 0.631 (1):0.211 (1):0.158 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Ordinartsev
- Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A. Petrov
- Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene A. Goodilin
- Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B. Tarasov
- Laboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vaghasiya JV, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Pumera M. Flexible energy generation and storage devices: focus on key role of heterocyclic solid-state organic ionic conductors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7819-7844. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the vital role of solid-state electrolytes to develop highly efficient, customizable flexible energy generation and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayraj V. Vaghasiya
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague
| | - Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague
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Sharma K, Sharma V, Sharma SS. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals and Current Status. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:381. [PMID: 30488132 PMCID: PMC6261913 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) belong to the group of thin-film solar cells which have been under extensive research for more than two decades due to their low cost, simple preparation methodology, low toxicity and ease of production. Still, there is lot of scope for the replacement of current DSSC materials due to their high cost, less abundance, and long-term stability. The efficiency of existing DSSCs reaches up to 12%, using Ru(II) dyes by optimizing material and structural properties which is still less than the efficiency offered by first- and second-generation solar cells, i.e., other thin-film solar cells and Si-based solar cells which offer ~ 20-30% efficiency. This article provides an in-depth review on DSSC construction, operating principle, key problems (low efficiency, low scalability, and low stability), prospective efficient materials, and finally a brief insight to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- Department of Physics, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, 305004 India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - S. S. Sharma
- Department of Physics, Govt. Women Engineering College, Ajmer, 305002 India
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6
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High efficient dye sensitized solar cells using phthaloylchitosan based gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Anantharaj G, Joseph J, Selvaraj M, Jeyakumar D. Fabrication of Stable Dye Sensitized Solar Cell with Gel electrolytes Using Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(ethylene glycol). Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Reiss GJ. I5
– polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I2 system. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The reaction of S-nicotine with hydroiodic acid in the presence of iodine gave the new polyiodide-containing salt nicotine-1,1′-diium bis(triiodide)-diiodine (1/1) (C10H16N2) [I3]2·I2 (1). The title compound has been characterised by spectroscopic methods (Raman and IR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of the title structure consists of one dication, two triiodide anions, and one iodine molecule, all located in general positions in the non-centrosymmetric space group P1. One of the two crystallographically independent triiodide anions and the doubly protonated nicotinium dication form hydrogen-bonded chains along b, which are arranged parallel to each other in the ½bc plane. The second crystallographically independent triiodide anion and the iodine molecule form an I5
– moiety, which is end-on connected to two symmetry-related anions resulting in polyiode zig–zag chains along the [0 1 1̅] direction. These polyiodide chains are stacked parallel to each other in the 0bc plane. The Raman spectrum of the title compound shows characteristic lines in the 50–200 cm–1 range, which are in excellent agreement with the findings derived from the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido J. Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl für Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Han L, Wang YF, Zeng JH. Effective solid electrolyte based on benzothiazolium for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:22088-22095. [PMID: 25469936 DOI: 10.1021/am5053762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiaozole/benzothiaozole-based dicationic conductors were synthesized and applied as solid-state electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, steady-state voltammogram, photocurrent intensity-photovoltage test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to characterize the materials and the mechanism of the cell performance. Compared to the traditional monocationic crystals, the dicationic crystals have a larger size and can provide more opportunities to fine-tune their physical/chemical properties. As a consequence, this solid-state electrolyte-based DSSC achieved photoelectric conversion efficiency of 7.90% under full air-mass (AM 1.5) sunlight (100 mW·cm(-2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science, Chang'an Campus, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710620, China
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Zhang W, Yuan C, Guo J, Qiu L, Yan F. Supramolecular ionic liquid gels for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8723-8728. [PMID: 24779535 DOI: 10.1021/am501523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide based supramolecular ionic liquid gel was prepared through the host-guest interactions between a host of β-cyclodextrin and a room temperature ionic liquid type guest, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, which contains bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the guest group. The gel-to-sol phase transition temperature of the prepared supramolecular ionic liquid gel could be tuned by the ratio of host to guest. The synthesized supramolecular ionic liquid gel was further applied in quasi-solid-state electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells, which showed a power conversion efficiency of 4.79% under the simulated air mass 1.5 solar spectrum illumination at 100 mW cm(-2) and excellent long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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11
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I62− Anion Composed of Two Asymmetric Triiodide Moieties: A Competition between Halogen and Hydrogen Bond. INORGANICS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Hansen CS, Kirk BB, Blanksby SJ, Trevitt AJ. Ultraviolet Photodissociation of the N-Methylpyridinium Ion: Action Spectroscopy and Product Characterization. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10839-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4075515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Hansen
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin B. Kirk
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- ARC Centre of Excellence
for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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13
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Shi C, Qiu L, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang L, Yan F. Silica nanoparticle doped organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes for highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1453-1459. [PMID: 23384003 DOI: 10.1021/am302925s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic ionic plastic crystal, 1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide (P₁₃I), which possesses a broad plastic phase from -36 to 135 °C, was doped with silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMII), for the preparation of SiO₂/EMII/P₁₃I solid-state electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The thermal properties of all the electrolytes, including solid-solid phase transitions and melting temperatures, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of silica particles on the ionic conductivity, diffusion of I⁻/I₃⁻ redox couple in electrolytes, and photovoltaic performance for solid-state DSSCs were investigated. The fabricated solid-state DSSCs yielded a high power conversion efficiency of 5.25% under simulated air mass 1.5 solar spectrum illuminations at 50 mW cm⁻². Furthermore, the DSSCs based on SiO₂/EMII/P₁₃I solid-state electrolytes show good stability after an accelerating aging test, demonstrating potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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14
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Hao F, Lin H. Recent molecular engineering of room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes for mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Li W, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Tian H, Zhu W. D-A-π-A featured sensitizers bearing phthalimide and benzotriazole as auxiliary acceptor: effect on absorption and charge recombination dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1822-1830. [PMID: 22387485 DOI: 10.1021/am3001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two organic D-A-π-A sensitizers LS-2 and WS-5 containing N-octyl substituted phthalimide and benzotriazole as auxiliary electron withdrawing units with similar dimension and structure architecture were systematically studied, focusing on photophysical and electrochemical as well as photovoltaic properties in nanocrystalline TiO(2)-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Interestingly, with similar five-member benzo-heterocycles, the two auxiliary acceptors of phthalimide and benzotriazole play exactly different roles in absorption and intramolecular charge transfer: (i) in contrast with WS-5 delocalized throughout the entire chromophore, the HOMO orbital of LS-2 is mainly located at the donor part due to the twist conformation with the existence of two carbonyl groups in phthalimide; (ii) the dihedral angles of "D-A" plane and "A-π" plane in LS-2 further suggest that the incorporation of phthalimide moiety results in curvature of electron delocalization over the whole molecule, in agreement with its blue-shifted, relatively narrow absorption spectra and low photocurrent density; (iii) in contrast with the beneficial charge transfer of benzotriazole in WS-5, the phthalimide unit in LS-2 plays an oppositely negative contribution to the charge transfer, that is, blocking intramolecular electron transfer (ICT) from donor to acceptor to some extent; and (iv) in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the incorporated benzotriazole unit enhances electron lifetime by 18.6-fold, the phthalimide only increases electron lifetime by 5.0-fold. Without coadsorption of chenodeoxylic acid (CDCA), the DSSCs based on WS-5 exhibited a promising maximum conversion efficiency (η) of 8.38% with significant enhancement in all photovoltaic parameters (J(SC) = 15.79 mA cm(-2), V(OC) = 791 mV, ff = 0.67). In contrast, with the very similar D-A-π-A feature changing the additional acceptor from benzotriazole to phthalimide unit, the photovoltaic efficiency based on LS-2 was only 5.11%, decreased by 39%, with less efficient photovoltaic parameters (J(SC) = 10.06 mA cm(-2), V(OC) = 748 mV, ff = 0.68). Therefore, our results demonstrate that it is essential to choose proper subsidiary withdrawing unit in D-A-π-A sensitizer configuration for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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