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Joshy D, Narendranath SB, Ismail YA, Periyat P. Recent progress in one dimensional TiO 2 nanomaterials as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5202-5232. [PMID: 36540125 PMCID: PMC9724613 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00437b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the vast possibilities of crystal and electronic structural modifications in TiO2 based nanomaterials creatively attracted the scientific community to various energy applications. A dye sensitised solar cell, which converts photons into electricity, is considered a viable solution for the generation of electricity. TiO2 nanomaterials were well accepted as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells, and possess non-toxicity, high surface area, high electron transport rates, fine tuneable band gap, high resistance to photo corrosion and optimum pore size for better diffusion of dye and electrolyte. This review focuses on various aspects of TiO2 nanomaterials as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO2 photoanode modification via doping and morphological variations were discussed in detail. The impact of various morphologies on the design of TiO2 photoanodes was particularly stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Joshy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut Kerala 673635 India
| | | | - Yahya A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut Kerala 673635 India
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2
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Thiehmed ZA, Altahtamouni TM. Morphology Control of TiO 2 Nanorods Using KBr Salt for Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO 2 and MoS 2/TiO 2 Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2904. [PMID: 36079942 PMCID: PMC9457778 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of KBr salt on the growth of TiO2 nanorods (NRs) was systematically studied. The addition of KBr with different concentrations provides a controllable growth of TiO2 NRs using hydrothermal method. The results revealed that the presence of KBr molecules affects the growth rate by suppressing the growth in the lateral direction and allowing for axial growth. This results in affecting the morphology by decreasing the diameter of the nanorods, and increasing the free space between them. Enhancing the free spaces between the adjacent nanorods gives rise to remarkable increase in the internal surface area, with more exposure side surface. To obtain benefit from the enlargement in the inner surface area, TiO2 NRs were used for the preparation of MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures. To study the influence of the morphology on their activity, TiO2 NRs samples with different KBr concentrations as well as the MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures were evaluated towards the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dyes.
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Bayannavar PK, Mendhe AC, Sannaikar MS, Inamdar SR, Sankapal BR, Kamble RR, Kariduraganavar MY, Madar SF, Mavazzan A. Pyridine enhances the efficiency of 1D-CdS nanowire solar cells fabricated using novel organic dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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A photoanode with hierarchical nanoforest TiO 2 structure and silver plasmonic nanoparticles for flexible dye sensitized solar cell. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7552. [PMID: 33824366 PMCID: PMC8024298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to unique photovoltaic properties, the nanostructured morphologies of TiO2 on flexible substrate have been studied extensively in the recent years for applications in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Microstructured electrode materials with high surface area can facilitate rapid charge transport and thus improve the light-to-current conversion efficiency. Herein we present an improved photoanode with forest like photoactive TiO2 hierarchical microstructure using a simple and facile hydrothermal route. To utilize the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and hence increase the photon conversion efficiency, a plasmonic nanoparticle Ag has also been deposited using a very feasible photoreduction method. The branched structure of the photoanode increases the dye loading by filling the space between the nanowires, whereas Ag nanoparticles play the multiple roles of dye absorption and light scattering to increase the light-to-current conversion efficiency of the device. The branched structure provides a suitable matrix for the subsequent Ag deposition. They improve the charge collection efficiency by providing the preferential electron pathways. The high-density Ag nanoparticles deposited on the forest like structure also decrease the charge recombination and therefore improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cells. As a result, the DSSC based on this novel photoanode shows remarkably higher photon conversion efficiency (ηmax = 4.0% and ηopt = 3.15%) compared to the device based on pristine nanowire or forest-like TiO2 structure. The flexibility of the device showed sustainable and efficient performance of the microcells.
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5
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Synthesis and applications of anisotropic nanoparticles with precisely defined dimensions. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 5:21-45. [PMID: 37118104 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Shape and size play powerful roles in determining the properties of a material; controlling these aspects with precision is therefore an important, fundamental goal of the chemical sciences. In particular, the introduction of shape anisotropy at the nanoscale has emerged as a potent way to access new properties and functionality, enabling the exploration of complex nanomaterials across a range of applications. Recent advances in DNA and protein nanotechnology, inorganic crystallization techniques, and precision polymer self-assembly are now enabling unprecedented control over the synthesis of anisotropic nanoparticles with a variety of shapes, encompassing one-dimensional rods, dumbbells and wires, two-dimensional and three-dimensional platelets, rings, polyhedra, stars, and more. This has, in turn, enabled much progress to be made in our understanding of how anisotropy and particle dimensions can be tuned to produce materials with unique and optimized properties. In this Review, we bring these recent developments together to critically appraise the different methods for the bottom-up synthesis of anisotropic nanoparticles enabling exquisite control over morphology and dimensions. We highlight the unique properties of these materials in arenas as diverse as electron transport and biological processing, illustrating how they can be leveraged to produce devices and materials with otherwise inaccessible functionality. By making size and shape our focus, we aim to identify potential synergies between different disciplines and produce a road map for future research in this crucial area.
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6
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Yang Q, Zhu H, Hou Y, Liu D, Tang H, Liu D, Zhang W, Yan S, Zou Z. Surface polaron states on single-crystal rutile TiO 2 nanorod arrays enhancing charge separation and transfer. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15054-15060. [PMID: 33103679 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polaron states on TiO2 photoanodes provide an important electron transfer pathway at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Here, we electrochemically doped single-crystal rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays with exposed (110) facets to produce surface polaron states, Ti3+-OH, which greatly contributed to charge separation and transfer. Our results experimentally clarified the previously confused understanding of the origin of improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance and verified that the enhanced PEC effects mainly arise from surface polaron states instead of grain boundary passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Yang
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22, Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China.
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7
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Xu K, Shen Y, Zhang K, Yang F, Li S, Hu J. Hierarchical assembly of manganese dioxide nanosheets on one-dimensional titanium nitride nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:712-718. [PMID: 31176054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MnO2 has attracted considerable attention for use in supercapacitors. Nevertheless, its low electrical conductivity greatly hinders its potential application. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a high-performance electrode material via facile coating of hierarchical MnO2 nanosheets onto highly electrically conductive one-dimensional (1D) TiN nanofibers for use in supercapacitors. The TiN nanofibers are prepared through nitridation electrospinning of TiO2 nanofibers via ammonia annealing. The obtained TiN@MnO2 composites exhibit enhanced electrochemical properties, such as high specific capacitance of 386 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and long cycle stability of ∼111.7% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 6 A/g. The unique nanostructure and significant synergistic effect between TiN and MnO2 are responsible for its good electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuenian Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Innovation & Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
| | - Junqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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Esmat M, Farghali AA, El-Dek SI, Khedr MH, Yamauchi Y, Bando Y, Fukata N, Ide Y. Conversion of a 2D Lepidocrocite-Type Layered Titanate into Its 1D Nanowire Form with Enhancement of Cation Exchange and Photocatalytic Performance. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7989-7996. [PMID: 31135144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Layered titanates with one-dimensional (1D) shapes have been an important class of nanomaterials due to their combination of 1D and 2D fascinating properties. Among many layered titanates, lepidocrocite-type layered titanates have significant advantages such as superior intercalation and exfoliation properties, while the synthesis of the 1D-shape forms is still challenging. Here, we report on a facile one-pot hydrothermal conversion of a lepidocrocite-type layered titanate into the corresponding nanowire-shape form. The reaction mechanism involves the decomposition of the starting layered titanate into 1D small segments which assemble into the nanowire. This new nanowire shows properties resulting from the combination of 1D and 2D nanostructural features, excellent cation exchange ability, and high photoinduced charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. As a demonstration, we evaluate the nanowire as a sequestrating material capable of collecting toxic cations, like Cd2+, from water and photoreducing them (immobilizing them tightly). We find that the nanowire shows an efficient and ultrafast photoimmobilization activity, whereas the starting layered titanate and a benchmark TiO2 photocatalyst (P25) show no activity under the identical conditions. The photoimmobilization rate (within 1 min) is considerably faster than the cation exchange rates reported for state-of-the-art cation exchangers (with no photoimmobilization ability). The nanowire used for photoimmobilization reactions is easily recovered from water by decantation, showing the possible practical use for safe disposal of toxic cations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Esmat
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan.,Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS) , Beni-Suef University (BSU) , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS) , Beni-Suef University (BSU) , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt
| | - Samaa I El-Dek
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS) , Beni-Suef University (BSU) , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Khedr
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS) , Beni-Suef University (BSU) , Beni-Suef 62511 , Egypt
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Yoshio Bando
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.,Australian Institute for Innovative Materials , University of Wollongong , Squires Way , North Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia.,Institute of Molecular Plus , Tianjin University . No. 11 Building, No. 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan.,Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Ide
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
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Optimal Sr-Doped Free TiO2@SrTiO3 Heterostructured Nanowire Arrays for High-Efficiency Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical UV Photodetector Applications. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high performance, photoelectrochemical ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted much attention, but the recombination of photogenerated electrons at the interface of photoanode/electrolyte limited further improvement of photoelectrochemical UV photodetectors (PEC UVPDs). Modification of TiO2 photoanode by SrTiO3 could improve the performance of UVPD, because the energy barrier that is established at the TiO2–SrTiO3 interface could accelerate the separation of the photogenerated electrons-holes pair. However, the recombination center that is caused by the preparation of TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanostructure decreases the performance of PEC UVPDs, which is still an important problem that hindered its application in PEC UVPDs. In this paper, we presented a Sr-doped free TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanowire arrays as a photoanode for the self-powered PEC UVPD. This will not only accelerate the separation of the photogenerated electrons-holes pair, but it will also reduce the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the photoanode. The intrinsic effect of SrTiO3 reaction time on the J variations of UVPDs is investigated in detail. An impressive responsivity of 0.358 A W−1 was achieved at 360 nm for the UVPD based on TiO2@SrTiO3 core-shell heterostructured nanowire arrays, which heretofore is a considerably high photoresponsivity for self-powered photoelectrochemical UVPDs. Additionally, this UVPD also exhibits a high on/off ratio, fast response time, excellent visible-blind characteristic, and linear optical signal response.
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10
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Sheng X, Xu T, Feng X. Rational Design of Photoelectrodes with Rapid Charge Transport for Photoelectrochemical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805132. [PMID: 30637813 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrode materials are the heart of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which hold great promise to address global energy and environmental issues by converting solar energy into electricity or chemical fuels. In recent decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to the design and construction of photoelectrodes for the efficient generation and utilization of charge carriers to boost PEC performance. Herein, insights from a literature study on the relationship between the architecture and charge dynamics of photoelectrodes are presented. After briefly introducing the fundamental theories of charge dynamics in nanostructured photoelectrodes, the development of photoelectrode design in 1D polycrystalline nanotube arrays, 1D single-crystalline nanowire arrays, and hierarchical and mesoporous nanowire arrays is reviewed with a focus on the interplay between architecture and charge transport properties. For each design, commonly used synthetic approaches and the corresponding charge transport properties are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of these photoelectrodes in PEC systems are summarized. In conclusion, future challenges in the rational design of photoelectrode architecture are presented. The basic relationships between the architectures and charge dynamics of photoelectrode materials discussed here are expected to provide pertinent guidance and a reference for future advanced material design targeting improved light energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Xinjian Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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11
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Modification of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays with Sn Doping as Photoanode for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one candidate among the third-generation solar cells. The performance of most DSSCs based on TiO2 photoanode was limited by the low electron mobility within TiO2. To produce a much higher power conversion efficiency, Sn-doped TiO2 nanowire arrays were successfully prepared using a simple hydrothermal process. It was found that Sn doping augments electron mobility well and raises the flat band potential to improve the performance of DSSCs. The power conversion efficiency (η) of a DSSC based on the reasonable Sn-doped TiO2, N719 dye, platinized counter electrode and iodide/triiodide electrolyte reaches 8.75%. Furthermore, with an anatase TiO2 light scattering layer, a DSSC based on the Sn-doped TiO2 NWAs exhibits a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 9.43%, which is especially useful in weak light conditions.
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12
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Bacteriorhodopsin-sensitized preferentially oriented one-dimensional TiO2 nanorod polymorphs as efficient photoanodes for high-performance bio-sensitized solar cells. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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TiO2/Bi2S3 ball-and-stick structure heterojunction prepared on FTO glass as a photoanode for solar cells. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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A novel synthesis of the bottom-straight and top-bent dual TiO 2 nanowires for dye-sensitized solar cells. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Frederick RT, Novotny Z, Netzer FP, Herman GS, Dohnálek Z. Growth and Stability of Titanium Dioxide Nanoclusters on Graphene/Ru(0001). J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:640-648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Frederick
- School
of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Zbynek Novotny
- Fundamental
and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Interfacial
Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Falko P. Netzer
- Surface
and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregory S. Herman
- School
of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Zdenek Dohnálek
- Fundamental
and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Interfacial
Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Voiland
School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
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16
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Zhong P, Chen X, Xi H, Lei Y, Ma X. Freeze Drying as a Novel Approach to Improve Charge Transport in Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Xidian University; 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi PR China
- Key Lab of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 Shaanxi PR of China
| | - Xinpeng Chen
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Xidian University; 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi PR China
- Key Lab of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 Shaanxi PR of China
| | - He Xi
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Xidian University; 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi PR China
- Key Lab of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 Shaanxi PR of China
| | - Yimin Lei
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Xidian University; 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi PR China
- Key Lab of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 Shaanxi PR of China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Xidian University; 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi PR China
- Key Lab of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 Shaanxi PR of China
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Bhim Raju T, Vaghasiya JV, Afroz MA, Soni SS, Iyer PK. Design, synthesis and DSSC performance of o-fluorine substituted phenylene spacer sensitizers: effect of TiO2 thickness variation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28485-28491. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of o-fluorine substituted phenyl π-spacer dyes with varying donors and different TiO2 film thickness of 9 and 12 μm show improved Voc, Jsc and PCE measured under one sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telugu Bhim Raju
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Jayraj V. Vaghasiya
- Center for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Mohammad Adil Afroz
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Saurabh S. Soni
- Center for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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18
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Jiang W, Liu H, Yin L, Shi Y, Chen B, Jiang W, Ding Y. Fabrication of Enhanced Electron Transport Layer by Laser Scanning Technology for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Gonfa BA, Kim MR, Delegan N, Tavares AC, Izquierdo R, Wu N, El Khakani MA, Ma D. Towards high efficiency air-processed near-infrared responsive photovoltaics: bulk heterojunction solar cells based on PbS/CdS core-shell quantum dots and TiO2 nanorod arrays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10039-10049. [PMID: 25975363 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) PbS quantum dots (QDs) have attracted significant research interest in solar cell applications as they offer several advantages, such as tunable band gaps, capability of absorbing NIR photons, low cost solution processability and high potential for multiple exciton generation. Nonetheless, reports on solar cells based on NIR PbS/CdS core-shell QDs, which are in general more stable and better passivated than PbS QDs and thus more promising for solar cell applications, remain very rare. Herein we report high efficiency bulk heterojunction QD solar cells involving hydrothermally grown TiO2 nanorod arrays and PbS/CdS core-shell QDs processed in air (except for a device thermal annealing step) with a photoresponse extended to wavelengths >1200 nm and with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 4.43%. This efficiency was achieved by introducing a thin, sputter-deposited, uniform TiO2 seed layer to improve the interface between the TiO2 nanorod arrays and the front electrode, by optimizing TiO2 nanorod length and by conducting QD annealing treatment to enhance charge carrier transport. It was found that the effect of the seed layer became more obvious when the TiO2 nanorods were longer. Although photocurrent did not change much, both open circuit voltage and fill factor clearly changed with TiO2 nanorod length. This was mainly attributed to the variation of charge transport and recombination processes, as evidenced by series and shunt resistance studies. The optimal PCE was obtained at the nanorod length of ∼450 nm. Annealing is shown to further increase the PCE by ∼18%, because of the improvement of charge carrier transport in the devices as evidenced by considerably increased photocurrent. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of the PbS/CdS core-shell QDs for the achievement of high PCE, solution processable and NIR responsive QD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Atomsa Gonfa
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2.
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20
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Bilayer structured nanowire-array and nanotube-cluster TiO2 photoanode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Jiang Y, Qin DD, Fan YR, Guo HX, Wang SX, Ning XM, Lu XQ. Investigation of photoinduced electron transfer on TiO2 nanowire arrays/porphyrin composite via scanning electrochemical microscopy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A photo-induced electron transfer (PET) system was constructed by the combination of vertically aligned single-crystal TiO2 nanowire arrays and porphyrin to investigate the mechanism of the charge transfer process in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Dong-Dong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Yan-Ru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Hui-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Shi-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Xing-Ming Ning
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
| | - Xiao-Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- China
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Wang X, Li Z, Shi J, Yu Y. One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Nanowires, Nanorods, and Nanobelts. Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400633s https:/doi.org/10.1021/cr400633s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yanhao Yu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Guo K, Liu Z, Han J, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang B, Cui T, Zhou C. Hierarchical TiO2–CuInS2core–shell nanoarrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16204-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang X, Li Z, Shi J, Yu Y. One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Nanowires, Nanorods, and Nanobelts. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9346-84. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400633s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yanhao Yu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yanhao Yu
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Dong C, Xiang W, Huang F, Fu D, Huang W, Bach U, Cheng YB, Li X, Spiccia L. Titania nanobundle networks as dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3704-3711. [PMID: 24567234 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) titania nanobundles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and used to print random network nanostructured films. These films are shown to be ideally suited for application as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) as they have a higher porosity compared to the traditional 1D nanostructured TiO2 materials. Devices constructed using the N719 dye and iodide/triiodide as the redox mediator in the electrolyte yielded energy conversion efficiencies (η = 6.1 ± 0.2%), which were marginally lower than for devices made with the commonly used P25 titania films (η = 6.3 ± 0.1%) under one sun simulated solar radiation. Application of an electrolyte based on the [Co(bpy)3](2+/3+) redox couple and the MK2 organic sensitizer resulted in higher efficiencies (η = 7.70 ± 0.1%) than for the P25 devices (η = 6.3 ± 0.3%). Each performance parameter (short circuit current density, open circuit voltage and fill factor) was higher for the TiO2 nanobundle devices than those for the P25-based devices. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and dye-loading measurements indicated that the better performance of TiO2 nanobundle devices with cobalt electrolytes correlates with higher porosity, relatively fast electron transport and more efficient suppression of electron recombination. A faster rate of diffusion of the cobalt complexes through the highly porous TiO2 nanobundle network is proposed to contribute to the enhanced device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunku Dong
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Yang M, Neupane S, Wang X, He J, Li W, Pala N. Multiple step growth of single crystalline rutile nanorods with the assistance of self-assembled monolayer for dye sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9809-9815. [PMID: 24033252 DOI: 10.1021/am4030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel multiple step growth (MSG) process has been developed to synthesize rutile nanorods (NRs) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with the assistance of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) aiming to increase the internal surface area of the 1D materials for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The experimental result reveals that the SAM layer can be selectively decomposed at the tip of the nanorod, namely the rutile (001) surface, due to the anisotropic photocatalytic property of the rutile. The remaining SAM layer on the side-wall of the NRs remains intact and serves as water repellent which prevents the radial growth of the NRs during the next step hydrothermal synthesis; therefore, the spacing between the NRs and the porosity of the NR array can be retained after additional growth cycles. On the other hand, introduction of a middle layer formed via TiCl4 solution treatment before the next growth cycle is found to be an effective way to control the diameters of the newly grown NRs. The performance of DSSC made from the rutile NRs grown using the MSG technique has been examined, and it is significantly affected by the internal surfaces of the NRs. Furthermore, the MSG combined with NR etching treatment by acid at low temperature (150 °C) leads to a significant enhancement in the solar cell performance. The gigantic wettability difference of the NRs before and after the SAM treatment as well as the MSG method could be adapted to prepare superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic nanostructured patterns for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Yang
- Department of Physics, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Ahn JY, Kim JH, Moon KJ, Park SD, Kim SH. Synergistic effects of the aspect ratio of TiO2 nanowires and multi-walled carbon nanotube embedment for enhancing photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6842-6850. [PMID: 23771100 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of numerous interfacial boundaries among TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) accumulated in the photoelectrode layer of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) hinders the effective transport of photogenerated electrons to an electrode. Therefore, as a replacement for TiO2 NPs, one-dimensional TiO2 nanowires (NWs) can be suggested to provide pathways for fast electron transport by significantly reducing the number of interfacial boundaries. In order to provide direct evidence for the better performance of such longer TiO2 NWs than shorter TiO2 NWs, we examine the effect of the controlled aspect ratio of the TiO2 NWs randomly accumulated in the photoelectrode layer on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. It is clearly found that longer TiO2 NWs significantly improve the electron transport by reducing the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interfacial contact resistance. Furthermore, the embedment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an effective charge transfer medium in longer TiO2 NWs is proposed in this study to promote more synergistic effects, which lead to significant improvements in the photovoltaic properties of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Ahn
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjung-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Wu HP, Lan CM, Hu JY, Huang WK, Shiu JW, Lan ZJ, Tsai CM, Su CH, Diau EWG. Hybrid Titania Photoanodes with a Nanostructured Multi-Layer Configuration for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1570-1577. [PMID: 26282315 DOI: 10.1021/jz400620q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To construct a hybrid titania photoanode containing nanoparticles and nanorods of varied size in a multilayer (ML) configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells, the essence of our ML design is a bilayer system with additional layers of nanorods of well-controlled size inserted between the transparent and the scattering layers to enhance the light-harvesting capability for photosensitizers with small absorptivity, such as Z907. We measured charge-extraction and intensity-modulated photoelectric spectra to show the advantages of one-dimensional nanorods with an improved electron-transport property and an upward shift of the potential band edge; a favorable ML configuration was constructed to have a cascade potential feature for feasible electron transport from long nanorods, to normal nanorods, to small nanoparticles. On the basis of the ML system reported herein, we demonstrate how the performance of a Z907 device is improved to attain η ∼10%, which is a milestone for its future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Wu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Lan
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yu Hu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Huang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Shiu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jian Lan
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tsai
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- ‡Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wei-Guang Diau
- †Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, No.1001, Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Li Y, Wei L, Chen X, Zhang R, Sui X, Chen Y, Jiao J, Mei L. Efficient PbS/CdS co-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 nanorod arrays. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:67. [PMID: 23394609 PMCID: PMC3600010 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Narrow bandgap PbS nanoparticles, which may expand the light absorption range to the near-infrared region, were deposited on TiO2 nanorod arrays by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method to make a photoanode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). The thicknesses of PbS nanoparticles were optimized to enhance the photovoltaic performance of PbS QDSCs. A uniform CdS layer was directly coated on previously grown PbS-TiO2 photoanode to protect the PbS from the chemical attack of polysulfide electrolytes. A remarkable short-circuit photocurrent density (approximately 10.4 mA/cm2) for PbS/CdS co-sensitized solar cell was recorded while the photocurrent density of only PbS-sensitized solar cells was lower than 3 mA/cm2. The power conversion efficiency of the PbS/CdS co-sensitized solar cell reached 1.3%, which was beyond the arithmetic addition of the efficiencies of single constituents (PbS and CdS). These results indicate that the synergistic combination of PbS with CdS may provide a stable and effective sensitizer for practical solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitan Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wei
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiya Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizi Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Sui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Liangmo Mei
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
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Sun X, Sun Q, Li Y, Sui L, Dong L. Effects of calcination treatment on the morphology, crystallinity, and photoelectric properties of all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells assembled by TiO2 nanorod arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18716-20. [PMID: 24071636 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmiao Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China.
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Mali SS, Kim H, Shim CS, Bae WR, Tarwal NL, Sadale SB, Patil PS, Kim JH, Hong CK. Single-step synthesis of 3D nanostructured TiO2 as a scattering layer for vertically aligned 1D nanorod photoanodes and their dye-sensitized solar cell properties. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Singh R, Rajput NN, He X, Monk J, Hung FR. Molecular dynamics simulations of the ionic liquid [EMIM+][TFMSI−] confined inside rutile (110) slit nanopores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16090-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feng X, Zhu K, Frank AJ, Grimes CA, Mallouk TE. Rapid Charge Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Made from Vertically Aligned Single-Crystal Rutile TiO2 Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Feng X, Zhu K, Frank AJ, Grimes CA, Mallouk TE. Rapid Charge Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Made from Vertically Aligned Single-Crystal Rutile TiO2 Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2727-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang X, Liu Y, Zhou X, Li B, Wang H, Zhao W, Huang H, Liang C, Yu X, Liu Z, Shen H. Synthesis of long TiO2 nanowire arrays with high surface areas via synergistic assembly route for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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