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Badiei YM, Annon O, Maldonado C, Delgado E, Nguyen C, Rivera C, Li C, Ortega AF. Single‐Site Molecular Ruthenium(II) Water‐Oxidation Catalysts Grafted into a Polymer‐Modified Surface for Improved Stability and Efficiency. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra M. Badiei
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Oshane Annon
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Christina Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Emily Delgado
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Caroline Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Christina Rivera
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
| | - Clive Li
- Department of STEM Hudson County Community College 07306 Jersey City NJ USA
| | - Abril Flores Ortega
- Department of Chemistry Saint Peter's University 07306 Jersey City New Jersey USA
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2
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Kim YH, Jung SD. Simultaneous photoadhesion and photopatterning technique for passivation of flexible neural electrodes based on fluoropolymers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21386. [PMID: 33288811 PMCID: PMC7721713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a method to simultaneously photoadhere a photocrosslinkable polymer to a plasma-treated fluoropolymer while photopatterning the photocrosslinkable polymer via a single-photo-exposure as a new electrode passivation technique. Photoadhesion was determined to result from plasma-generated radicals of the plasma-treated fluoropolymer. Crystallinity of the fluoropolymer was analysed to determine the photoadhesion strength through its effects on both the formation of radicals and the etching of fluoropolymers. Passivation feasibility of simultaneous photoadhesion and photopatterning (P&P) technique were demonstrated by fabricating an Au electrocorticography electrode array and modifying the electrode with electro-deposited metallic nanoparticles. Adhesion of sputter-deposited Au to the fluoropolymer was dependent on mechanical interlocking, indicated by the formation of Au clusters which are typically influenced by the surface temperature during the sputter-deposition and the glass transition temperature of the fluoropolymer. The adhesion of Au to the fluoropolymer without an additional adhesion promotor and the proposed P&P passivation technique would help prevent detachment of the electrode and the delamination of the passivation layer in fluoropolymer-based neural electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Kim
- ICT Creative Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Don Jung
- ICT Creative Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Macromolecular engineering approach for the preparation of new architectures from fluorinated olefins and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Lee JY, Park CY, Moon SY, Choi JH, Chang BJ, Kim JH. Surface-attached brush-type CO2-philic poly(PEGMA)/PSf composite membranes by UV/ozone-induced graft polymerization: Fabrication, characterization, and gas separation properties. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Pivetal J, Pereira FM, Barbosa AI, Castanheira AP, Reis NM, Edwards AD. Covalent immobilisation of antibodies in Teflon-FEP microfluidic devices for the sensitive quantification of clinically relevant protein biomarkers. Analyst 2018; 142:959-968. [PMID: 28232992 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time the sensitive colorimetric and fluorescence detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers by sandwich immunoassays using the covalent immobilisation of antibodies onto the fluoropolymer surface inside Teflon®-FEP microfluidic devices. Teflon®-FEP has outstanding optical transparency ideal for high-sensitivity colorimetric and fluorescence bioassays, however this thermoplastic is regarded as chemically inert and very hydrophobic. Covalent immobilisation can offer benefits over passive adsorption to plastic surfaces by allowing better control over antibody density, orientation and analyte binding capacity, and so we tested a range of different and novel covalent immobilisation strategies. We first functionalised the inner surface of a 10-bore, 200 μm internal diameter FEP microcapillary film with high-molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) without changing the outstanding optical transparency of the device delivered by the matched refractive index of FEP and water. Glutaraldehyde immobilisation was compared with the use of photoactivated linkers and NHS-ester crosslinkers for covalently immobilising capture antibodies onto PVOH. Three clinically relevant sandwich ELISAs were tested against the cytokine IL-1β, the myocardial infarct marker cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and the chronic heart failure marker brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Overall, glutaraldehyde immobilisation was effective for BNP assays, but yielded unacceptable background for IL-1β and cTnI assays caused by direct binding of the biotinylated detection antibody to the modified PVOH surface. We found NHS-ester groups reacted with APTES-treated PVOH coated fluoropolymers. This facilitated a novel method for capture antibody immobilisation onto fluoropolymer devices using a bifunctional NHS-maleimide crosslinker. The density of covalently immobilised capture antibodies achieved using PVOH/APTES/NHS/maleimide approached levels seen with passive adsorption, and sensitive and quantitative assay performance was achieved using this method. Overall, the PVOH coating provided an excellent surface for controlled covalent antibody immobilisation onto Teflon®-FEP for performing high-sensitivity immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pivetal
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Filipa M Pereira
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
| | - Ana I Barbosa
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ana P Castanheira
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alexander D Edwards
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK. and Capillary Film Technology Ltd, 2 Daux Road, Billingshurst, RH14 9SJ, UK
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6
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Kim YH, Park J, Koo H, Kim MS, Jung SD. Fluoropolymer-Based Flexible Neural Prosthetic Electrodes for Reliable Neural Interfacing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43420-43428. [PMID: 29185336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We covalently bound fluoropolymer (FP) films by plasma treatment followed by thermal pressing at temperatures below their melting point and fabricated an adhesion-metal-free flexible gold electrode array entirely encapsulated by the FP film, excepting the active electrode openings. The fabricated device was chemically resistant and was modified to have a lower impedance and efficient charge injection capability. The fabricated device was evaluated in vivo in rats and was confirmed to record the epidural epileptiform activity induced by chemical administration. The chemically inert nature of FPs and the gold electrode is expected to facilitate reliable neural interfacing without abiotic issues. Plasma treatment-induced covalent binding of FP films can also be utilized in a variety of applications requiring durability, such as implantable biosensors and sensor platforms operating under chemically harsh environments, including humid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Kim
- Synaptic Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkil Park
- Synaptic Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Koo
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine , 895 Munwang-ro, Iksan 570-711, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine , 895 Munwang-ro, Iksan 570-711, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Don Jung
- Synaptic Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseng-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jiang L, Qian H, Chen G, Li C, Yan G, Luo Y, Liu P, Chen Y. Fabrication of micropatterns on polypropylene films via plasma pretreatment combined with UV-initiated graft polymerization. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1346-1357. [PMID: 28517976 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217707100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, micropatterns on polypropylene films were fabricated via plasma pretreatment and UV-initiated graft polymerization. Firstly, radio-frequency plasma, which does not significantly influence bulk attributes of substrates due to limited penetration depth, was utilized to activate polypropylene films. Then, different sizes of micropatterns of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) were fabricated on the polypropylene films via UV-initiated graft polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate by using photo-masks. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle (CA) were employed to characterize changes of pristine polypropylene films and modified ones in surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity, free energy and the surface chemical composition. All of these confirmed the successful grafting of different sizes of PHEMA micropatterns on the polypropylene surface. Furthermore, the influence of PHEMA micropatterns on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro. Analysis of cell behaviour indicated that PHEMA micropatterns of the appropriate size can promote cellular adhesion and proliferation, and the PHEMA-micropatterned polypropylene films had good biocompatibility. The approach presented here provides an alternative to synthesize on the surface of polypropylene films' micropatterns with the aim of using them in a diverse array of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaming Qian
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 2 School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangjun Yan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanling Luo
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- 3 Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yashao Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Gajos K, Guzenko VA, Dübner M, Haberko J, Budkowski A, Padeste C. Electron-Beam Lithographic Grafting of Functional Polymer Structures from Fluoropolymer Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10641-10650. [PMID: 27673344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined submicrometer structures of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) were grafted from 100 μm thick films of poly(ethene-alt-tetrafluoroethene) after electron-beam lithographic exposure. To explore the possibilities and limits of the method under different exposure conditions, two different acceleration voltages (2.5 and 100 keV) were employed. First, the influence of electron energy and dose on the extent of grafting and on the structure's morphology was determined via atomic force microscopy. The surface grafting with PDMAEMA was confirmed by advanced surface analytical techniques such as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the possibility of effective postpolymerization modification of grafted structures was demonstrated by quaternization of the grafted PDMAEMA to the polycationic QPDMAEMA form and by exploiting electrostatic interactions to bind charged organic dyes and functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gajos
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vitaliy A Guzenko
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dübner
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Haberko
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology , Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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9
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Shen B, Xiong B, Wu H. Convenient surface functionalization of whole-Teflon chips with polydopamine coating. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:044111. [PMID: 26339312 PMCID: PMC4522012 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a convenient strategy to modify the surface of whole-Teflon microfluidic chips by coating the channel walls with a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) film, which is formed by oxidation-induced self-polymerization of dopamine in alkaline solution. Two coating strategies, static incubation and dynamic flow, are demonstrated and used for tuning the physical and chemical properties of the coated channel walls. The functionalized surfaces were investigated with the contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. The coating time was optimized according to the fluorescent intensity of the green fluorescent protein immobilized on the modified surface. Applications of the PDA-modified Teflon microchips in bioanalysis were demonstrated with a typical sandwich immunoassay. Moreover, long-term cell culture experiments on modified and native Teflon chips revealed that the chip biocompatibility can be greatly improved with PDA coating. The results indicate that the surface properties of the Teflon can be easily controlled by the PDA modification, thus greatly expanding the application scope of whole-Teflon chips for various chemical and biological research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Mulla MY, Seshadri P, Torsi L, Manoli K, Mallardi A, Ditaranto N, Santacroce MV, Di Franco C, Scamarcio G, Magliulo M. UV crosslinked poly(acrylic acid): a simple method to bio-functionalize electrolyte-gated OFET biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5049-5057. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive EGOFET biosensor fabricated by anchoring bioprobes through a UV crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) coating deposited on an organic semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Mulla
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - P. Seshadri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - L. Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - K. Manoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - A. Mallardi
- CNR-IPCF
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - N. Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - M. V. Santacroce
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4 70126
- Italy
| | - C. Di Franco
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4 70126
- Italy
| | - G. Scamarcio
- CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4 70126
- Italy
| | - M. Magliulo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”
- 4-70126 Bari
- Italy
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Chen H, Zhao C, Li R, Ma Y, Liu L, Yang W. A Facile Visible-Light-Induced Route to Functionalize Polymeric Substrates by Combining Controlled Radical Grafting Polymerization and Thiol−Yne Click Chemistry with Photoredox Catalyst Ir(ppy)3. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Ruibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Lianying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers; Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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12
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Ma J, Luan S, Song L, Jin J, Yuan S, Yan S, Yang H, Shi H, Yin J. Fabricating a cycloolefin polymer immunoassay platform with a dual-function polymer brush via a surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1971-1978. [PMID: 24422426 DOI: 10.1021/am405017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of technologies for a biomedical detection platform is critical to meet the global challenges of various disease diagnoses. In this study, an inert cycloolefin polymer (COP) support was modified with two-layer polymer brushes possessing dual functions, i.e., a low fouling poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] [p(PEGMA)] bottom layer and a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) upper layer for antibody loading, via a surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization strategy for fluorescence-based immunoassay. It was demonstrated through a confocal laser scanner that, for the as-prepared COP-g-PEG-b-PAA-IgG supports, nonspecific protein adsorption was suppressed, and the resistance to nonspecific protein interference on antigen recognition was significantly improved, relative to the COP-g-PAA-IgG references. This strategy for surface modification of a polymeric platform is also applicable to the fabrication of other biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Chen B, Kwong P, Gupta M. Patterned fluoropolymer barriers for containment of organic solvents within paper-based microfluidic devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12701-12707. [PMID: 24283374 DOI: 10.1021/am404049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the ability to pattern lipophobic fluoropolymer barriers for the incorporation of pure organic solvents as operating liquids within paper-based microfluidic devices. Our fabrication method involves replacing traditional wax barriers with fluoropolymer coatings by combining initiated chemical vapor deposition with inhibiting transition metal salt to pattern the polymer. Multiple techniques for patterning the transition metal salt are tested including painting, spray coating, and selective wetting through the use of a photoresist. The efficacy of the barrier coatings to contain organic solvents is found to be dependent on the conformality of the polymer deposited around the paper fibers. We demonstrate examples of the benefits provided by the containment of organic solvents in paper-based microfluidic applications including the ability to tune the separation of analytes by varying the operating solvent and by modifying the channel region of the devices with additional polymer coatings. The work exhibited in this paper has the potential to significantly expand the applications of paper-based microfluidics to include detection of water insoluble analytes. Additionally, the generality of the patterning process allows this technique to be extended to other applications that may require the use of patterned hydrophobic and lipophobic regions, such as biosensing, chemical detection, and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Chen
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Jung CH, Hwang IT, Jung CH, Choi JH, Kwon OS, Shin K. Patterning of gold nanoparticles on fluoropolymer films by using patterned surface grafting and layer-by-layer deposition techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8546-8552. [PMID: 23927646 DOI: 10.1021/am4019687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the surface of a fluoropolymer substrate by using patterned surface grafting and layer-by-layer deposition techniques is described. The surface of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluorovinyl ether) (PFA) substrate was selectively implanted with 150 keV proton ions. Peroxide groups were successfully formed on the implanted PFA surface, and their concentration depended on the fluence. Acrylic acid was graft polymerized onto the implanted regions of the PFA substrate, resulting in well-defined patterns of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on the PFA substrate. The surface properties of the PAA-patterned PFA surface, such as chemical compositions, wettability, and morphology, were investigated. The surface analysis results revealed that PAA was definitely present on the implanted regions of the PFA surface, and the degree of grafting was dependent on three factors: fluence, grafting time, and monomer concentration. Furthermore, GNP patterns were generated on the prepared PAA-patterned PFA surface by layer-by-layer deposition of GNPs and poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride). The multilayers of GNPs were deposited only onto the PAA-grafted regions separated by bare PFA regions, and the resulting GNP patterns exhibited good electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Jung
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
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