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Zhang Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Yu H. Progress in Fabrication and Applications of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Microcapsules. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303198. [PMID: 37971158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are well known for inherent responsiveness to external stimuli, such as light, thermal, magnetic, and electric fields. Cholesteric LCs are among the most fascinating, since they possess distinctive optical properties due to the helical molecular orientation. However, the good flow, easy contamination, and poor stability of small-molecule LCs limit their further applications, and microencapsulation as one of the most effective tools can evade these disadvantages. Microencapsulation can offer shell-core structure with LCs in the core can strengthen their stability, avoiding interference with the environment while maintaining the stimuli-responsiveness and optical properties. Here, we report recent progress in the fabrication and applications of cholesteric LC microcapsules (CLCMCs). We summarize general properties and basic principles, fabrication methods including interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerization, complex coacervation, solvent evaporation, microfluidic and polymerization of reactive mesogens, and then give a comprehensive overview of their applications in various popular domains, including smart fabrics, smart sensor, smart displays, anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, biomedicine and actuators. Finally, we discuss the currently facing challenges and the potential development directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiao Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
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2
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Amphiphilic benzothiadiazole derivatives: synthesis, self-assembly and applications as light-emitting liquid crystal display and switchable anisotropic scattering device. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Hino Y, Hayashi S. Mesityl‐Appended 1,4‐Bis(β‐acrylonitrile)‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene: Blue and Green Fluorescent Crystals from a Soluble Donor–Acceptor Molecular System. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Hino
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Kochi University of Technology 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Kochi University of Technology 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design Kochi University of Technology 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
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4
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Qu R, Li G. Overview of Liquid Crystal Biosensors: From Basic Theory to Advanced Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:205. [PMID: 35448265 PMCID: PMC9032088 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as the remarkable optical materials possessing stimuli-responsive property and optical modulation property simultaneously, have been utilized to fabricate a wide variety of optical devices. Integrating the LCs and receptors together, LC biosensors aimed at detecting various biomolecules have been extensively explored. Compared with the traditional biosensing technologies, the LC biosensors are simple, visualized, and efficient. Owning to the irreplaceable superiorities, the research enthusiasm for the LC biosensors is rapidly rising. As a result, it is necessary to overview the development of the LC biosensors to guide future work. This article reviews the basic theory and advanced applications of LC biosensors. We first discuss different mesophases and geometries employed to fabricate LC biosensors, after which we introduce various detecting mechanisms involved in biomolecular detection. We then focus on diverse detection targets such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. For each of these targets, the development history and state-of-the-art work are exhibited in detail. Finally, the current challenges and potential development directions of the LC biosensors are introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Qu
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Intelligent Optical Imaging and Sensing Group, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
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5
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Shan T, Zheng K, Du Q, He H, Shi Y, Ma M, Chen S, Wang X. Facile regulation of the electro‐optical properties of liquid crystal gels by kinetics‐controlled hierarchy self‐assembly. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Qinqing Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Huiwen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
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6
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Mohammady SZ, Aldhayan DM, Hagar M. Preparation and DFT Study for New Three-Ring Supramolecular H-Bonded Induced Liquid Crystal Complexes. Front Chem 2021; 9:679528. [PMID: 34150717 PMCID: PMC8213091 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.679528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular three-ring Schiff base novel liquid crystal complexes have been prepared and investigated. Schiff bases of para-substituted aniline derivatives and para-pyridine carbaldehyde have been prepared and then mixed in equimolar quantities with para-alkoxy benzoic acids. On one side, the alkoxy chain length varies from 8 to 16 carbon atoms. On the other side, terminal small compact groups substituting aniline with various polarities are used. Hydrogen-bonding interaction was elucidated by FTIR spectroscopy. The mesomorphic thermal and optical characteristics of the samples were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). All samples exhibit enantiotropic mesophases. Experimental results obtained for the induced mesophases were correlated with density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. The results revealed that both the polar compact groups' polarity and the alkoxy chain lengths contribute strongly to mesomorphic characteristics and thermal stabilities of the mesophases. Surprisingly, the observed values of enthalpy changes associated with the crystalline mesomorphic transitions lie in the range of 2.2-12.5 kJ/mol. However, the enthalpy changes corresponding to the mesomorphic-isotropic transitions vary from 0.9 to 13.9 kJ/mol, depending on the polarity of para-attached groups to the aniline moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Z. Mohammady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Daifallah M. Aldhayan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Pyridine-Based Three-Ring Bent-Shape Supramolecular Hydrogen Bond-Induced Liquid Crystalline Complexes: Preparation and Density Functional Theory Investigation. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new supramolecular three-ring bent-shape Schiff base liquid crystal (LC) complexes were prepared and studied. On one side, two alkoxy chain lengths of the carboxylic acids were used, namely eight and sixteen carbons. Moreover, on the other side, terminal small compact groups, which substituted aniline, with different polarities were utilized. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the formed complexes were elucidated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy. The mesomorphic thermal and optical characteristics of the samples were determined by differential thermal analysis (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The complexes exhibited enantiotropic and dimorphic mesophase behaviors. The results indicate that the polarity of the compact groups and the lengths of the alkoxy chains greatly impacted the mesomorphic characteristics and thermal stabilities of the mesophases. The observed values of the enthalpy changes (ΔH) associated with the crystalline smectic-A (TCr-SmA) transitions were extremely small compared with the conventional values that characterize supramolecular hydrogen-bonded liquid crystalline complexes. ΔH, which corresponded to the nematic isotropic transitions (TN-I), varied from 0.13 to 9.54 kJ/mol depending mainly on the polarity of the groups that were para-attached to the aniline moiety. Finally, the theoretical results obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations were discussed. The DFT geometrical structures showed non-coplanar structures. The mesomorphic range was correlated with the calculated dipole moment, polarizability and the aspect ratios of the investigated compounds.
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Zhang H, Li T, Liu B, Ma TN, Huang L, Bai ZM, Lu D. Effect and Mechanism of Solvent Properties on Solution Behavior and Films Condensed State Structure for the Semi-rigid Conjugated Polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Liu B, Yang T, Mu X, Mai Z, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou G. Smart Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanosystem: Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:448. [PMID: 33578814 PMCID: PMC7916626 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a liquid crystal (LC) state, specific orientations and alignments of LC molecules produce outstanding anisotropy in structure and properties, followed by diverse optoelectronic functions. Besides organic LC molecules, other nonclassical components, including inorganic nanomaterials, are capable of self-assembling into oriented supramolecular LC mesophases by non-covalent interactions. Particularly, huge differences in size, shape, structure and properties within these components gives LC supramolecules higher anisotropy and feasibility. Therefore, hydrogen bonds have been viewed as the best and the most common option for supramolecular LCs, owing to their high selectivity and directionality. In this review, we summarize the newest advances in self-assembled structure, stimulus-responsive capability and application of supramolecular hydrogen-bonded LC nanosystems, to provide novel and immense potential for advancing LC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijian Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Chen YX, Hsu JS. Ultra-low switching reverse mode liquid crystal gels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:26783-26791. [PMID: 32906946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the electro-optical properties of reverse mode liquid crystal gel (LC-gel) scattering films. The LC-gel has been fabricated through the fibrous self-assembly of the gelator 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid (G12) and mesogen monomer (RM257) in nematic LC HTW106700-100 (HTW). Adding RM257 monomer improves the transparency in the OFF state and enhances scattering effects in the ON state. Moreover, an extremely low switching voltage (∼ 1 V) is demonstrated.
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11
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Fasano V, Laurita R, Moffa M, Gualandi C, Colombo V, Gherardi M, Zussman E, Vasilyev G, Persano L, Camposeo A, Focarete ML, Pisignano D. Enhanced Electrospinning of Active Organic Fibers by Plasma Treatment on Conjugated Polymer Solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26320-26329. [PMID: 32406678 PMCID: PMC7302505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Realizing active, light-emitting fibers made of conjugated polymers by the electrospinning method is generally challenging. Electrospinning of plasma-treated conjugated polymer solutions is here developed for the production of light-emitting microfibers and nanofibers. Active fibers from conjugated polymer solutions rapidly processed by a cold atmospheric argon plasma are electrospun in an effective way, and they show a smoother surface and bead-less morphology, as well as preserved optical properties in terms of absorption, emission, and photoluminescence quantum yield. In addition, the polarization of emitted light and more notably photon waveguiding along the length of individual fibers are remarkably enhanced by electrospinning plasma-treated solutions. These properties come from a synergetic combination of favorable intermolecular coupling in the solutions, increased order of macromolecules on the nanoscale, and resulting fiber morphology. Such findings make the coupling of the electrospinning method and cold atmospheric plasma processing on conjugated polymer solutions a highly promising and possibly general route to generate light-emitting and conductive micro- and nanostructures for organic photonics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Fasano
- Dipartimento di
Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Romolo Laurita
- Department of Industrial
Engineering (DIN), Università di
Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento
2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials-Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Moffa
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials-Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- Chemistry Department “Giacomo Ciamician”
and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of
Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colombo
- Department of Industrial
Engineering (DIN), Università di
Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento
2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials-Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Gherardi
- Department of Industrial
Engineering (DIN), Università di
Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento
2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
- Advanced Mechanics and Materials-Interdepartmental Center, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gleb Vasilyev
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Luana Persano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Chemistry Department “Giacomo Ciamician”
and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of
Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Health
Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial
Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano Emilia I-40064, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università
di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo
3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Zhang GW, Luo MC, Lei JQ, Zhong TT, Wei Y, Xie LH, Huang W. Substituent effects on fluorene-based linear supramolecular polymerizsation. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1609679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Zhang
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Luo
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lei
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao-Tao Zhong
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Molecular Systems & Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
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13
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Saito N, Kobayashi H, Kanie K, Yamaguchi M. Long-Range Anisotropic Structural Films and Fibers Formed from Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Gels Containing Hetero-Double-Helices with C 16 Terminal Groups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5075-5080. [PMID: 29488769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-range anisotropic structural materials exhibit notable optical and mechanical properties, and an efficient method for synthesizing such materials involving self-assembly of well-defined monodispersed organic molecules is described here. Hetero-double-helices are formed in toluene using a pseudoenantiomeric mixture of an ethynylhelicene ( M)-tetramer with C16 terminal groups and a ( P)-pentamer. When the concentration of the mixture was increased, the hetero-double-helices self-assembled to form lyotropic liquid crystal gels. On evaporating the solvent by drop casting, a long-range anisotropic structural film with a single domain and a size of up to centimeter order was spontaneously formed. Kinetics analysis of the film formation indicated the generation of perpendicularly aligned liquid crystal domains at the interface of the liquid and solid phases. When the lyotropic liquid crystal gel was extruded into methanol, a long-range anisotropic structural fiber with a single domain was formed. Different shapes of long-range anisotropic structural materials were obtained by different mechanical treatments of lyotropic liquid crystal gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Higashi Kobayashi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
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14
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Zhao D, Ouyang D, Jiang M, Liao Y, Peng H, Xie X. Photomodulated Electro-optical Response in Self-Supporting Liquid Crystalline Physical Gels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7519-7526. [PMID: 29852741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive liquid crystal (LC) physical gels have attracted more and more attention because of the nature of strong response via light stimulus. Although many efforts on the breaking and recovering of physical gels through photoisomerization have been focused, fast electro-optical response and high mechanical properties even upon light irradiations are difficult to achieve at the same time. In this work, two kinds of azobenzene-containing gelators (AG1 and AG2) with different terminal groups were designed and synthesized. Both gelators could induce the nematic LC P0616A self-assemble into anisotropic phase-separated LC physical gels at low contents. Their phase-transition behavior, thermal stability, microstructure, and mechanical strength were systematically studied. Compared with AG2 in P0616A, the P0616A/AG1 gels showed better mechanical property. When the gelator content was above 3 wt %, the P0616A/AG1 gels possessed good self-supporting ability with a storage modulus more than 104 Pa. Thus, the photoresponsive electro-optical properties and structures of P0616A/AG1 gels were focused in detail. It was surprising that the electro-optical response speed of the P0616A/AG1 gels could be promoted upon UV irradiation. In particular, the decay time (τoff) was only about half when compared with the initial state, whereas the gels still exhibited good self-supporting ability; also the network of the LC physical gels had no change at macro- and microstructural levels. These exciting results would open a door for the application of this material in electro-optical devices.
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Hayashi S, Takigami A, Koizumi T. Solvent Control over Supramolecular Gel Formation and Fluorescence for a Highly Crystalline π-Conjugated Polymer. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2014-2018. [PMID: 29911338 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In π-conjugated polymers (πCPs), crystallinity and fluorescence typically exhibit a trade-off relationship. Here, we have synthesized a highly crystalline and fluorescent π-conjugated polymer with a simple alternating structure of 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorophenylene and 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-bithiophene units. In film, the polymer exhibited efficient red-colored fluorescence, an improved quantum yield (Φsol =13 %→Φfilm =23 %) and a crystalline structure. Interestingly, supramolecular gel formation occurred in appropriate solvents, and the macrostructure and fluorescence properties of the gel could be directly controlled by the choice of the solvent. The polymer self-assembled into a spherical form that exhibited red fluorescence in non-aromatic solvent (1,2-dichloroethane) and into a fibrous form that exhibited yellow fluorescence in aromatic solvent (mesitylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takigami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Toshio Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
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Christoff-Tempesta T, Lew AJ, Ortony JH. Beyond Covalent Crosslinks: Applications of Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2018; 4:E40. [PMID: 30674816 PMCID: PMC6209248 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, gels have been defined by their covalently cross-linked polymer networks. Supramolecular gels challenge this framework by relying on non-covalent interactions for self-organization into hierarchical structures. This class of materials offers a variety of novel and exciting potential applications. This review draws together recent advances in supramolecular gels with an emphasis on their proposed uses as optoelectronic, energy, biomedical, and biological materials. Additional special topics reviewed include environmental remediation, participation in synthesis procedures, and other industrial uses. The examples presented here demonstrate unique benefits of supramolecular gels, including tunability, processability, and self-healing capability, enabling a new approach to solve engineering challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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17
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Choi YJ, Yoon WJ, Kim DY, Park M, Lee Y, Jung D, Kim JS, Yu YT, Lee CR, Jeong KU. Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal physical gels based on the hierarchical superstructures of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide macrogelators. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal physical gels (LCPGs) were fabricated by using the hierarchical superstructures of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide macrogelators in a host nematic LC medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Choi
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yoon
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Minwook Park
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Lee
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Daseal Jung
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Tae Yu
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Republic of Korea
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18
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van der Asdonk P, Kouwer PHJ. Liquid crystal templating as an approach to spatially and temporally organise soft matter. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5935-5949. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal templating: an emerging technique to organise and control soft matter at multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim van der Asdonk
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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19
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Kawata Y, Yamamoto T, Kihara H, Yamamura Y, Saito K, Ohno K. Three Gel States of Colloidal Composites Consisting of Polymer-Brush-Afforded Silica Particles and a Nematic Liquid Crystal with Distinct Viscoelastic and Optical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29649-29657. [PMID: 27726324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal composites consisting of polymer-brush-afforded silica particles (P-SiPs) and a nematic liquid crystal (LC) exhibited three gel states with distinct viscoelastic and/or optical properties depending on temperature: (1) opaque hard gel, (2) translucent hard gel, and (3) translucent soft gel. We demonstrated that the transitions of the optical property and the hardness of the gels were due to the phase transition of the LC matrix and the glass transition of the grafted polymers of P-SiPs, respectively. We then revealed that the gelation (the formation of the translucent soft gel) was caused by the phase separation of P-SiPs and LC matrix in an isotropic phase based on spinodal decomposition. In addition, the particle concentration and molecular weight of the grafted polymer of P-SiPs were observed to significantly affect the elastic moduli and thermal stability of the composite gels. By the addition of an azobenzene derivative into an LC matrix, we achieved photochemical switching of the transparency of the composites based on the photoinduced phase transition of LCs, while keeping self-supporting ability of the composite gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawata
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kihara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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20
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Li Q, Li A, Sun W, Zhang T. The Construction and Transition of Supramolecular Hydrogels Induced by Cyclodextrin Inclusion. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shandong University of Technology; Zibo Shandong 255049 P.R. China
| | - Aixiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shandong University of Technology; Zibo Shandong 255049 P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of automation; Shandong Vocational College of Chemical Technology; Zibo Shandong 255000 P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shandong University of Technology; Zibo Shandong 255049 P.R. China
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21
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Cheng KT, Tang Y, Liu CK. Electro-opto-thermal addressing bistable and re-addressable display device based on gelator-doped liquid crystals in a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film-coated liquid crystal cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23572-23582. [PMID: 27828419 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an electro-opto-thermal addressing bistable and re-addressable display device based on gelator-doped liquid crystals (LCs) in a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film-coated LC cell. The bistability and re-addressability of the devices were achieved through the formation of a rubbery LC/gel mixture at room temperature. The desired patterns were addressed, erased, and re-addressed by controlling the temperature, applied voltage, and UV light illumination. Moreover, grayscales were obtained by adjusting UV light intensity. The initiation, relaxation, rise, and fall times of photoconductive poly(N-vinylcarbazole) via UV light illumination of various intensities were also examined.
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22
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van der Asdonk P, Keshavarz M, Christianen PCM, Kouwer PHJ. Directed peptide amphiphile assembly using aqueous liquid crystal templates in magnetic fields. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6518-6525. [PMID: 27320385 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An alignment technique based on the combination of magnetic fields and a liquid crystal (LC) template uses the advantages of both approaches: the magnetic fields offer non-contact methods that apply to all sample sizes and shapes, whilst the LC templates offer high susceptibilities. The combination introduces a route to control the spatial organization of materials with low intrinsic susceptibilities. We demonstrate that we can unidirectionally align one such material, peptide amphiphiles in water, on a centimeter scale at a tenfold lower magnetic field by using a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal as a template. We can transform the aligned supramolecular assemblies into optically active π-conjugated polymers after photopolymerization. Lastly, by reducing the magnetic field strength needed for addressing these assemblies, we are able to create more complex structures by initiating self-assembly of our supramolecular materials under competing alignment forces between the magnetically induced alignment of the assemblies (with a positive diamagnetic anisotropy) and the elastic force dominated alignment of the template (with a negative diamagnetic anisotropy), which is directed orthogonally. Although the approach is still in its infancy and many critical parameters need optimization, we believe that it is a very promising technique to create tailor-made complex structures of (aqueous) functional soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim van der Asdonk
- Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Cheng KT, Lee PY, Qasim MM, Liu CK, Cheng WF, Wilkinson TD. Electrically Switchable and Permanently Stable Light Scattering Modes by Dynamic Fingerprint Chiral Textures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10483-93. [PMID: 27035635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Negative dielectric nematic liquid crystals (LCs) doped with two azobenzene materials provide electrically switchable and permanently stable scattering mode light modulators based on dynamic fingerprint chiral textures (DFCT) with inhomogeneously helical axes. These light modulators can be switched between transparent (stable large domains of DFCT) states and scattering (stable small domains of DFCT) states by applying electric fields with different frequencies. The generation of DFCT results from the long flexible side chains of the doped chiral dopant. That is, if the DFCT can be obtained, then the large domains of DFCT reflect an intrinsically stable state. Moreover, the stabilization of the small domains of DFCT are caused by the terminal rigid restricted side chains of the other doped chiral dopant. Experimentally, the required amplitude to switch the light modulator from a scattering (transparent) state to a transparent (scattering) state decreases as the frequency of the applied electric field increases (decreases) within the set limits. This study is the first report on the advantages of the light scattering mode of DFCT, including low operating voltage, permanently stable transmission, wide viewing angle, high contrast, and polarization-independent scattering and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Ting Cheng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University , Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University , Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Malik M Qasim
- Centre of Molecular Materials for Photonics and Electronics, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Kai Liu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University , Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fa Cheng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University , Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Timothy D Wilkinson
- Centre of Molecular Materials for Photonics and Electronics, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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24
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Lee S, Yang Y, Kwon S, Jung Y. Influence of side chains on the self-alignment capability of electroluminescent polyfluorenes. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:1983-1988. [PMID: 26743162 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a significant role of side chains in the propagation of molecular orientation upon annealing the liquid crystal phase of polyfluorenes. Direct rubbing of poly(9,9-di(octyl)fluorene) led to the orientation of polymer segments in the top-most region of the film and enhanced propagation of this orientation along the rubbing direction was observed upon annealing. In contrast, the rubbing-induced molecular orientation of poly(9,9-di(ethylhexyl)fluorene) segments completely disappeared upon annealing in the nematic melt state. The higher order of the side chain structures in poly(9,9-di(octyl)fluorene) were found to allow the propagation of the three-dimensional molecular alignment. From integrated experimental and density functional theory studies, we propose that side chain interdigitation generates a unique alignment behavior of poly(9,9-di(octyl)fluorene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Organic Electronic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16678, Korea
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25
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Kim DY, Lee SA, Kang DG, Park M, Choi YJ, Jeong KU. Photoresponsive carbohydrate-based giant surfactants: automatic vertical alignment of nematic liquid crystal for the remote-controllable optical device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6195-6204. [PMID: 25738306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive carbohydrate-based giant surfactants (abbreviated as CELAnD-OH) were specifically designed and synthesized for the automatic vertical alignment (VA) layer of nematic (N) liquid crystal (LC), which can be applied for the fabrication of remote-controllable optical devices. Without the conventional polymer-based LC alignment process, a perfect VA layer was automatically constructed by directly adding the 0.1 wt % CELA1D-OH in the N-LC media. The programmed CELA1D-OH giant surfactants in the N-LC media gradually diffused onto the substrates of LC cell and self-assembled to the expanded monolayer structure, which can provide enough empty spaces for N-LC molecules to crawl into the empty zones for the construction of VA layer. On the other hand, the CELA3D-OH giant surfactants forming the condensed monolayer structure on the substrates exhibited a planar alignment (PA) rather than a VA. Upon tuning the wavelength of light, the N-LC alignments were reversibly switched between VA and PA in the remote-controllable LC optical devices. Based on the experimental results, it was realized that understanding the interactions between N-LC molecules and amphiphilic giant surfactants is critical to design the suitable materials for the automatic LC alignment.
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26
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Kawata Y, Yamamoto T, Kihara H, Ohno K. Dual self-healing abilities of composite gels consisting of polymer-brush-afforded particles and an azobenzene-doped liquid crystal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4185-4191. [PMID: 25686486 DOI: 10.1021/am5084573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We prepared the composite gels from polymer-brush-afforded silica particles (P-SiPs) and an azobenzene-doped liquid crystal, and investigated their inner structure, dynamic viscoelastic properties, thermo- and photoresponsive properties, and self-healing behaviors. It was found that the composite gels had a sponge-like inner structure formed with P-SiPs and exhibited good elastic property and shape recoverability. The surface dents made on the composite gel could be repaired spontaneously at room temperature. Moreover, the composite gel exhibited a gel-sol transition induced by the trans-cis photoisomerization of the azo dye, and the transition could be used as a mending mechanism for surface cracks. Consequently, we successfully developed a material exhibiting two types of self-healing abilities simultaneously: (1) spontaneous repair of surface dents by means of the excellent elasticity of the composite gel and (2) light-assisted mending of surface cracks by photoinduced gel-sol transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawata
- Nanosystem Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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27
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Alvarez Fernandez A, Keshavarz M, Christianen PCM, Kouwer PHJ. Maximizing Orientational Order in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals Using High Magnetic Fields. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501867f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alvarez Fernandez
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masoumeh Keshavarz
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. M. Christianen
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Bobrovsky A, Shibaev V, Hamplová V, Novotna V, Kašpar M. Photochromic and fluorescent LC gels based on a bent-shaped azobenzene-containing gelator. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07234d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic liquid crystalline gels based on a low-molar-mass azobenzene-containing bent-shaped gelator and nematic liquid crystals were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Shibaev
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Moscow State University
- Moscow
- 119991 Russia
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 182 21 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Novotna
- Institute of Physics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 182 21 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kašpar
- Institute of Physics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 182 21 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
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