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Wang J, Wang T, Liu H, Wang K, Moses K, Feng Z, Li P, Huang W. Flexible Electrodes for Brain-Computer Interface System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211012. [PMID: 37143288 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been the subject of extensive research recently. Governments and companies have substantially invested in relevant research and applications. The restoration of communication and motor function, the treatment of psychological disorders, gaming, and other daily and therapeutic applications all benefit from BCI. The electrodes hold the key to the essential, fundamental BCI precondition of electrical brain activity detection and delivery. However, the traditional rigid electrodes are limited due to their mismatch in Young's modulus, potential damages to the human body, and a decline in signal quality with time. These factors make the development of flexible electrodes vital and urgent. Flexible electrodes made of soft materials have grown in popularity in recent years as an alternative to conventional rigid electrodes because they offer greater conformance, the potential for higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals, and a wider range of applications. Therefore, the latest classifications and future developmental directions of fabricating these flexible electrodes are explored in this paper to further encourage the speedy advent of flexible electrodes for BCI. In summary, the perspectives and future outlook for this developing discipline are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science & Computer Engineering (CSCE), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kumi Moses
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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Yu M, Wang C, Cui H, Huang J, Yu Q, Wang P, Huang C, Li G, Zhao Y, Du X, Liu Z. Self-Closing Stretchable Cuff Electrodes for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Electromyographic Signal Recording. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7663-7672. [PMID: 36734973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cuff electrode can be wrapped in the columnar or tubular biological tissue for physiological signal detection or stimulation regulation. The reliable and non-excessive interfaces between the electrode and complex tissue are critical. Here, we propose a self-closing stretchable cuff electrode, which is able to self-close onto the bundles of tissues after dropping water. The curliness is realized by the mechanical stress mismatch between different layers of the elastic substrate. The material of the substrate can be selected to match the modulus of the target tissue to achieve minimal constraint on the tissue. Moreover, the self-closing structure keeps the cuff electrode free from any extra mechanical locking structure. For in vivo testing, both sciatic nerve stimulation to drive muscles and electromyographic signal monitoring around a rat's extensor digitorum longus for 1 month prove that our proposed electrode conforms well to the curved surface of biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changxian Wang
- School of Mechanics and Construction Engineering, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianhengyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Li G, Ma X, Xu Z, Shen Y, Yuan M, Huang J, Cole T, Wei J, Liu S, Han F, Li H, Bayinqiaoge, Xu Z, Tang SY, Liu Z. A crack compensation strategy for highly stretchable conductors based on liquid metal inclusions. iScience 2022; 25:105495. [PMID: 36419853 PMCID: PMC9676391 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crack control strategies have been proven very useful for enhancing the stretchability of metal film-based stretchable conductors. However, existing strategies often suffer from the drawbacks of complicated preparation and predefined effective directions. Here, we propose a crack compensation strategy for preparing conductors featured with high stretchability by using liquid metal microparticles (LMMPs)-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate with a thin film of gold (Au) sputtered on the surface. LMMPs can be elongated to connect the cracked Au film upon stretching, which can form a conductive "island-tunnel" (IT) architecture to compensate for the cracks and maintain the conductivity. The high performance of the stretchable conductor is demonstrated by using it as electrodes to record surface electromyography of human brachioradialis and monitor electrocorticography signals of a rat in normal and epileptic states. The developed strategy shows the potential to provide a new perspective for the fabrication of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zirong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Man Yuan
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fei Han
- Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanfei Li
- Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhiwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
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Bioinspired Strategies for Stretchable Conductors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Deng HT, Wen DL, Feng T, Wang YL, Zhang XR, Huang P, Zhang XS. Silicone Rubber Based-Conductive Composites for Stretchable "All-in-One" Microsystems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39681-39700. [PMID: 36006298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with development trends such as miniaturization, multifunction, and smart integration have become an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and have penetrated various sectors of modern society. To meet the increasing demands of wearable electronics in terms of deformability and conformability, many efforts have been devoted to overcoming the nonstretchable and poor conformal properties of traditional functional materials and endowing devices with outstanding mechanical properties. One of the promising approaches is composite engineering in which traditional functional materials are incorporated into the various polymer matrices to develop different kinds of functional composites and construct different functions of stretchable electronics. Herein, we focus on the approach of composite engineering and the polymer matrix of silicone rubber (SR), and we summarize the state-of-the-art details of silicone rubber-based conductive composites (SRCCs), including a summary of their conductivity mechanisms and synthesis methods and SRCC applications for stretchable electronics. For conductivity mechanisms, two conductivity mechanisms of SRCC are emphasized: percolation theory and the quantum tunneling mechanism. For synthesis methods of SRCCs, four typical approaches to synthesize different kinds of SRCCs are investigated: mixing/blending, infiltration, ion implantation, and in situ formation. For SRCC applications, different functions of stretchable electronics based on SRCCs for interconnecting, sensing, powering, actuating, and transmitting are summarized, including stretchable interconnects, sensors, nanogenerators, antennas, and transistors. These functions reveal the feasibility of constructing a stretchable all-in-one self-powered microsystem based on SRCC-based stretchable electronics. As a prospect, this microsystem is expected to integrate the functional sensing modulus, the energy harvesting modulus, and the process and response modulus together to sense and respond to environmental stimulations and human physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Zhao Y, Yu M, Sun J, Zhang S, Li Q, Teng L, Tian Q, Xie R, Li G, Liu L, Liu Z. Electrical Failure Mechanism in Stretchable Thin-Film Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3121-3129. [PMID: 34981914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable thin-film conductors are basic building blocks in advanced flexible and stretchable electronics. Current research mainly focuses on strategies to improve stretchability and widen the range of applications of stretchable conductors. However, stability should not be neglected, and the electrical failure mode is one of the most common stability issues that determines the current range and duration in a circuit. In this work, we report the electrical failure mechanism of stretchable conductors. We find a special failure mode for the stretchable conductors, which can be attributed to the coupling effect between local thermal strains and dynamic resistance changes of the thin film. This creates a vicious circle that significantly differs from traditional conductors. Physical parameters related to this special failure mode are investigated in detail. It is found that this mechanism is applicable to different kinds of stretchable conductors. Based on this finding, we also explore methods to modulate the failure of stretchable conductors. The failure mechanism found here provides a fundamental understanding of the current effect of stretchable circuits and is crucial for designing stable stretchable bioelectrodes and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shenglong Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijun Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zeng M, He Y, Zhang C, Wan Q. Neuromorphic Devices for Bionic Sensing and Perception. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:690950. [PMID: 34267624 PMCID: PMC8275992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.690950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphic devices that can emulate the bionic sensory and perceptual functions of neural systems have great applications in personal healthcare monitoring, neuro-prosthetics, and human-machine interfaces. In order to realize bionic sensing and perception, it's crucial to prepare neuromorphic devices with the function of perceiving environment in real-time. Up to now, lots of efforts have been made in the incorporation of the bio-inspired sensing and neuromorphic engineering in the booming artificial intelligence industry. In this review, we first introduce neuromorphic devices based on diverse materials and mechanisms. Then we summarize the progress made in the emulation of biological sensing and perception systems. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in these fields are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Wan
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Sunwoo SH, Ha KH, Lee S, Lu N, Kim DH. Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics: Device Designs and Material Strategies. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:359-391. [PMID: 34097846 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-performance wearable and implantable devices capable of recording physiological signals and delivering appropriate therapeutics in real time are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing personalized healthcare. However, the mechanical and biochemical mismatches between rigid, inorganic devices and soft, organic human tissues cause significant trouble, including skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratios, and limited service time. As a result, profuse research efforts have been devoted to overcoming these issues by using flexible and stretchable device designs and soft materials. Here, we summarize recent representative research and technological advances for soft bioelectronics, including conformable and stretchable device designs, various types of soft electronic materials, and surface coating and treatment methods. We also highlight applications of these strategies to emerging soft wearable and implantable devices. We conclude with some current limitations and offer future prospects of this booming field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA;
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA; .,Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Chen W, Liu LX, Zhang HB, Yu ZZ. Kirigami-Inspired Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Hierarchical Ti 3C 2T x MXene Films for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Pressure Sensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7668-7681. [PMID: 33861590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets are highly conductive, it is still a challenge to design highly stretchable MXene electrodes for flexible electronic devices. Inspired by the high stretchability of kirigami patterns, we demonstrate a bottom-up methodology to design highly stretchable and conductive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Ti3C2Tx MXene films for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and pressure sensing applications by constructing wrinkled MXene patterns on a flexible PDMS substrate to create a hierarchical surface with primary and secondary surface wrinkles. The self-controlled microcracks created in the valley domains of the hierarchical film via a nonuniform deformation during prestretching/releasing cycles endow the hierarchical PDMS/MXene film with a high stretchability (100%), strain-invariant conductivity in a strain range of 0%-100%, and stable conductivities over an 1000-cycle fatigue measurement. The stretchable film exhibits a highly stable EMI shielding performance of ≈30 dB at a tensile strain of 50%, and its EMI shielding efficiency increases further to 103 dB by constructing a two-film structure. Furthermore, a highly stretchable and sensitive iontronic sensor array with integrated MXene-based electrodes and circuits is fabricated by a stencil printing process, exhibiting high sensitivity (66.3 nF kPa-1), excellent dynamic cycle stability over 1000 cycles under different frequencies, and sensitive pressure monitoring capability under a tensile strain of 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liu-Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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10
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Qi D, Zhang K, Tian G, Jiang B, Huang Y. Stretchable Electronics Based on PDMS Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003155. [PMID: 32830370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics, which can retain their functions under stretching, have attracted great interest in recent decades. Elastic substrates, which bear the applied strain and regulate the strain distribution in circuits, are indispensable components in stretchable electronics. Moreover, the self-healing property of the substrate is a premise to endow stretchable electronics with the same characteristics, so the device may recover from failure resulting from large and frequent deformations. Therefore, the properties of the elastic substrate are crucial to the overall performance of stretchable devices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as the substrate material for stretchable electronics, not only because of its advantages, which include stable chemical properties, good thermal stability, transparency, and biological compatibility, but also because of its capability of attaining designer functionalities via surface modification and bulk property tailoring. Herein, the strategies for fabricating stretchable electronics on PDMS substrates are summarized, and the influence of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS, including surface chemical status, physical modulus, geometric structures, and self-healing properties, on the performance of stretchable electronics is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kuiyuan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gongwei Tian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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11
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Wang T, Wang M, Yang L, Li Z, Loh XJ, Chen X. Cyber-Physiochemical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905522. [PMID: 31944425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Living things rely on various physical, chemical, and biological interfaces, e.g., somatosensation, olfactory/gustatory perception, and nervous system response. They help organisms to perceive the world, adapt to their surroundings, and maintain internal and external balance. Interfacial information exchanges are complicated but efficient, delicate but precise, and multimodal but unisonous, which has driven researchers to study the science of such interfaces and develop techniques with potential applications in health monitoring, smart robotics, future wearable devices, and cyber physical/human systems. To understand better the issues in these interfaces, a cyber-physiochemical interface (CPI) that is capable of extracting biophysical and biochemical signals, and closely relating them to electronic, communication, and computing technology, to provide the core for aforementioned applications, is proposed. The scientific and technical progress in CPI is summarized, and the challenges to and strategies for building stable interfaces, including materials, sensor development, system integration, and data processing techniques are discussed. It is hoped that this will result in an unprecedented multi-disciplinary network of scientific collaboration in CPI to explore much uncharted territory for progress, providing technical inspiration-to the development of the next-generation personal healthcare technology, smart sports-technology, adaptive prosthetics and augmentation of human capability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhuyun Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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12
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He K, Liu Y, Wang M, Chen G, Jiang Y, Yu J, Wan C, Qi D, Xiao M, Leow WR, Yang H, Antonietti M, Chen X. An Artificial Somatic Reflex Arc. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905399. [PMID: 31803996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emulation of human sensation, perception, and action processes has become a major challenge for bioinspired intelligent robotics, interactive human-machine interfacing, and advanced prosthetics. Reflex actions, enabled through reflex arcs, are important for human and higher animals to respond to stimuli from environment without the brain processing and survive the risks of nature. An artificial reflex arc system that emulates the functions of the reflex arc simplifies the complex circuit design needed for "central-control-only" processes and becomes a basic electronic component in an intelligent soft robotics system. An artificial somatic reflex arc that enables the actuation of electrochemical actuators in response to the stimulation of tactile pressures is reported. Only if the detected pressure by the pressure sensor is above the stimulus threshold, the metal-organic-framework-based threshold controlling unit (TCU) can be activated and triggers the electrochemical actuators to complete the motion. Such responding mechanism mimics the all-or-none law in the human nervous system. As a proof of concept, the artificial somatic reflex arc is successfully integrated into a robot to mimic the infant grasp reflex. This work provides a unique and simplifying strategy for developing intelligent soft robotics, next-generation human-machine interfaces, and neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Meng Xiao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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13
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Liu Z, Wang H, Huang P, Huang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Chen S, Qi D, Wang T, Jiang Y, Chen G, Hu G, Li W, Yu J, Luo Y, Loh XJ, Liedberg B, Li G, Chen X. Highly Stable and Stretchable Conductive Films through Thermal-Radiation-Assisted Metal Encapsulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901360. [PMID: 31282042 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductors are the basic units of advanced flexible electronic devices, such as skin-like sensors, stretchable batteries and soft actuators. Current fabrication strategies are mainly focused on the stretchability of the conductor with less emphasis on the huge mismatch of the conductive material and polymeric substrate, which results in stability issues during long-term use. Thermal-radiation-assisted metal encapsulation is reported to construct an interlocking layer between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gold by employing a semipolymerized PDMS substrate to encapsulate the gold clusters/atoms during thermal deposition. The stability of the stretchable conductor is significantly enhanced based on the interlocking effect of metal and polymer, with high interfacial adhesion (>2 MPa) and cyclic stability (>10 000 cycles). Also, the conductor exhibits superior properties such as high stretchability (>130%) and large active surface area (>5:1 effective surface area/geometrical area). It is noted that this method can be easily used to fabricate such a stretchable conductor in a wafer-scale format through a one-step process. As a proof of concept, both long-term implantation in an animal model to monitor intramuscular electric signals and on human skin for detection of biosignals are demonstrated. This design approach brings about a new perspective on the exploration of stretchable conductors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pingao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guoyu Hu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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14
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Gilshteyn EP, Romanov SA, Kopylova DS, Savostyanov GV, Anisimov AS, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Mechanically Tunable Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films as a Universal Material for Transparent and Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27327-27334. [PMID: 31266298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft, flexible, and stretchable electronic devices provide novel integration opportunities for wearable and implantable technologies. Despite the existing efforts to endow electronics with the capability of large deformation, the main technological challenge is still in the absence of suitable materials for the manufacturing of stretchable electronic circuits and devices with active (sensitive) and passive (stable) components. Here, we present a universal material, based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which can act as a material being both sensitive and insensitive to strain. The diverse performance of SWCNT/PDMS structures was achieved by two simple dry-transfer fabrication approaches: SWCNT film deposition onto the as-prepared PDMS and on the prestretched PDMS surface. The correlation between applied strain, microstructural evolution, and electro-optical properties is discussed on the basis of both experimental and computational results. The SWCNT/PDMS material with the mechanically tunable performance has a small relative resistance change from 0.05 to 0.07, while being stretched from 10 to 40% (stable electrode applications). A high sensitivity of 20.1 of the SWCNT/PDMS structures at a 100% strain was achieved (strain sensing applications). Our SWCNT/PDMS structures have superior transparency and conductivity compared to the ones reported previously, including the SWCNT/PDMS structures, obtained by wet processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia P Gilshteyn
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Stepan A Romanov
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Daria S Kopylova
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
| | - Georgy V Savostyanov
- Department of Physics , Saratov State University , 83 Astrakhanskaya Street , Saratov 410012 , Russia
| | | | - Olga E Glukhova
- Department of Physics , Saratov State University , 83 Astrakhanskaya Street , Saratov 410012 , Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials , Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Nobel Street, 3 , Moscow 121205 , Russia
- Aalto Universit y, Aalto FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
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15
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Wu C, Tang X, Gan L, Li W, Zhang J, Wang H, Qin Z, Zhang T, Zhou T, Huang J, Xie C, Zeng D. High-Adhesion Stretchable Electrode via Cross-Linking Intensified Electroless Deposition on a Biomimetic Elastomeric Micropore Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20535-20544. [PMID: 31081609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the stretchable electrode, strong interface adhesion is the primary guarantee for long service life, and the maximization of the tensile limit with remarkable electrical stability can expand the scope of its use. Here, a cost-effective strategy is proposed to fabricate a high-adhesion stretchable electrode. By modifying dopamine and functionalized silane on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate in sequence before the electroless deposition process, super-high adhesion up to 3.1 MPa is achieved between the PDMS substrate and silver layer, and the electrode exhibits extraordinary conductivity of 4.0 × 107 S/m. This process is also suitable for other common flexible substrates and metals. Moreover, inspired by the micro-/nanostructure on the surface of lotus leaf, a biomimetic elastomeric micropore film with a uniformly distributed micropore is fabricated by the one-step soft lithography replication process. The electrode exhibits a large tensile limit exceeding 70% uniaxial tensile and superior electrical stability from 6.3 to 11.5 Ω under 20% uniaxial tensile for more than 10 000 cycles. This study seeks a promising method to manufacture stretchable electrodes with high adhesion, large tensile limit, and excellent electrical stability, showing great potential to detect various biological signals including joint movement, surface electromyography, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Xing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Lin Gan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Wenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Changsheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Dawen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials , Hubei University , Wuhan 430074 , China
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16
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Chung T, Lee Y, Ahn MS, Lee W, Bae SI, Hwang CSH, Jeong KH. Nanoislands as plasmonic materials. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8651-8664. [PMID: 31011743 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength metal nanoislands thermally dewetted from a thin film emerge as a powerful and cost-effective photonic material, due to the formation of substantially strong nano-gap-based plasmonic hot spots and their simple large-area nanofabrication. Unlike conventional nanostructures, nanoislands dewetted from thin metal films can be formed on a large scale at the wafer level and show substrate-dependent plasmonic phenomena across a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared. Substrate-selective dewetting methods for metal nanoislands enable diverse nanophotonic and optoelectronic technologies, underlining mechanical, structural, and material properties of a substrate. Emerging bioplasmonic technology using metal nanoislands also serves as a high-throughput and surface-sensitive analytical technique with wide-ranging application in rapid, real-time, and point-of-care medical diagnostics. This review introduces an assortment of dewetting fabrication methods for metal nanoislands on distinct substrates from glass to cellulose fibers and provides novel findings for metal nanoislands on a substrate by three-dimensional numerical modeling. Furthermore, the plasmonic properties of metal nanoislands and recent examples for their photonic applications, in particular, biological sensing, are technically summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taerin Chung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Dahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Ashley BK, Brown MS, Park Y, Kuan S, Koh A. Skin-inspired, open mesh electrochemical sensors for lactate and oxygen monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:343-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Gold, one of the noble metals, has played a significant role in human society throughout history. Gold's excellent electrical, optical and chemical properties make the element indispensable in maintaining a prosperous modern electronics industry. In the emerging field of stretchable electronics (elastronics), the main challenge is how to utilize these excellent material properties under various mechanical deformations. This review covers the recent progress in developing "softening" gold chemistry for various applications in elastronics. We systematically present material synthesis and design principles, applications, and challenges and opportunities ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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19
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Wang C, Wang C, Huang Z, Xu S. Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801368. [PMID: 30073715 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soft electronics are intensively studied as the integration of electronics with dynamic nonplanar surfaces has become necessary. Here, a discussion of the strategies in materials innovation and structural design to build soft electronic devices and systems is provided. For each strategy, the presentation focuses on the fundamental materials science and mechanics, and example device applications are highlighted where possible. Finally, perspectives on the key challenges and future directions of this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chonghe Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhenlong Huang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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20
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Yan X, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Lopez J, Wang H, Wu HC, Niu S, Yan H, Wang S, Lei T, Li J, Qi D, Huang P, Huang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li G, Tok JBH, Chen X, Bao Z. Quadruple H-Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5280-5289. [PMID: 29595956 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-1-3) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-2 was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m2), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Junheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Pingao Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Lab of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shenzhen 518055 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffery B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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21
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Liu Z, Qi D, Hu G, Wang H, Jiang Y, Chen G, Luo Y, Loh XJ, Liedberg B, Chen X. Surface Strain Redistribution on Structured Microfibers to Enhance Sensitivity of Fiber-Shaped Stretchable Strain Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704229. [PMID: 29226515 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-shaped stretchable strain sensors with small testing areas can be directly woven into textiles. This paves the way for the design of integrated wearable devices capable of obtaining real-time mechanical feedback for various applications. However, for a simple fiber that undergoes uniform strain distribution during deformation, it is still a big challenge to obtain high sensitivity. Herein, a new strategy, surface strain redistribution, is reported to significantly enhance the sensitivity of fiber-shaped stretchable strain sensors. A new method of transient thermal curing is used to achieve the large-scale fabrication of modified elastic microfibers with intrinsic microbeads. The proposed strategy is independent of the active materials utilized and can be universally applied for various active materials. The strategy used here will shift the vision of the sensitivity enhancement method from the active materials design to the mechanical design of the elastic substrate, and the proposed strategy can also be applied to nonfiber-shaped stretchable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guoyu Hu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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22
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Su Z, Chen H, Song Y, Cheng X, Chen X, Guo H, Miao L, Zhang H. Microsphere-Assisted Robust Epidermal Strain Gauge for Static and Dynamic Gesture Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702108. [PMID: 29094464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel and robust epidermal strain gauge by using 3D microsphere arrays to immobilize, connect, and protect a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) pathway is presented. During the solvent deposition process, MWNTs sedimentate, self-assemble, and wrap onto surface of polystyrene (PS) microspheres to construct conductive networks, which further obtain excellent stretchability of 100% by combining with commercially used elastomer. Benefiting from its 3D conductive pathway defined by microspheres, immobilized MWNT (I-MWNT) network can be directly used in practical occasions without further packaging and is proved by tape tests to be capable of defend mechanical damage effectively from external environment. By parameter optimization, the strain sensor with 3 µm PS spheres obtains stable resistive responses for more than 1000 times, and maintains its gauge factor (GF) of 1.35. This thin-film conductive membrane built by this effective construction method can be easily attached onto fingers of both robot and human, and is demonstrated in sensitive epidermal strain sensing and recognizing different hand gestures effectively, in static and dynamic modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Su
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Song
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuexian Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hang Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liming Miao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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23
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Liu Y, He K, Chen G, Leow WR, Chen X. Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12893-12941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible
Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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24
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Qi D, Liu Z, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Leow WR, Pal M, Pan S, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Li B, Yu Z, Wang W, Chen X. Highly Stretchable, Compliant, Polymeric Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Electrophysiological Interfacing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702800. [PMID: 28869690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are emerging as a new generation of biointegrated microelectrodes to transduce original electrochemical signals in living tissues to external electrical circuits, and vice versa. So far, the challenge of stretchable polymeric MEAs lies in the competition between high stretchability and good electrode-substrate adhesion. The larger the stretchability, the easier the delamination of electrodes from the substrate due to the mismatch in their Young's modulus. In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) electrode materials are designed, with PPy nanowires integrated on the high conductive PPy electrode arrays. By utilizing this electrode material, for the first time, stretchable polymeric MEAs are fabricated with both high stretchability (≈100%) and good electrode-substrate adhesion (1.9 MPa). In addition, low Young's modulus (450 kPa), excellent recycling stability (10 000 cycles of stretch), and high conductivity of the MEAs are also achieved. As a proof of concept, the as-prepared polymeric MEAs are successfully used for conformally recording the electrocorticograph signals from rats in normal and epileptic states, respectively. Further, these polymeric MEAs are also successful in stimulating the ischiadic nerve of the rat. This strategy provides a new perspective to the highly stretchable and mechanically stable polymeric MEAs, which are vital for compliant neural electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mayank Pal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaowu Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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25
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhu B, Yu J, He K, Leow WR, Wang M, Chandran BK, Qi D, Wang H, Chen G, Xu C, Chen X. Stretchable Motion Memory Devices Based on Mechanical Hybrid Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28681955 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals possess various functional systems such as sensory, nervous, and motor systems, which show effective cooperation in order to realize complicated and intelligent behaviors. This inspires rational designs for the integration of individual electronic devices to exhibit a series of functions, such as sensing, memory, and feedback. Inspired by the fact that humans can monitor and memorize various body motions, a motion memory device is developed to mimic this biological process. In this work, mechanical hybrid substrates are introduced, in which rigid memory devices and stretchable strain sensors are integrated into a single module, which enables them to work cooperatively in the wearable state. When attached to the joints of limbs, the motion memory device can detect the deformations caused by limb motions and simultaneously store the corresponding information in the memory device. This work would be valuable in materials design and electronics technology toward the realization of wearable and multifunctional electronic modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bevita K Chandran
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cai Xu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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26
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Liu Z, Wang X, Qi D, Xu C, Yu J, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Liedberg B, Chen X. High-Adhesion Stretchable Electrodes Based on Nanopile Interlocking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603382. [PMID: 27809367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-adhesion stretchable electrodes are fabricated by utilizing a novel nanopile interlocking strategy. Nanopiles significantly enhance adhesion and redistribute the strain in the film, achieving high stretchability. The nanopile electrodes enable simultaneous monitoring of electromyography signals and mechanical deformations. This study opens up a new perspective of achieving stretchability and high adhesion for stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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27
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Trung TQ, Lee NE. Recent Progress on Stretchable Electronic Devices with Intrinsically Stretchable Components. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603167. [PMID: 27862355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices with intrinsically stretchable components have significant inherent advantages, including simple fabrication processes, a high integrity of the stacked layers, and low cost in comparison with stretchable electronic devices based on non-stretchable components. The research in this field has focused on developing new intrinsically stretchable components for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. New methodologies and fabrication processes have been developed to fabricate stretchable devices with intrinsically stretchable components. The latest successful examples of stretchable conductors for applications in interconnections, electrodes, and piezoresistive devices are reviewed here. Stretchable conductors can be used for electrode or sensor applications depending on the electrical properties of the stretchable conductors under mechanical strain. A detailed overview of the recent progress in stretchable semiconductors, stretchable insulators, and other novel stretchable materials is also given, along with a discussion of the associated technological innovations and challenges. Stretchable electronic devices with intrinsically stretchable components such as field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electronic skins, and energy harvesters are also described and a new strategy for development of stretchable electronic devices is discussed. Conclusions and future prospects for the development of stretchable electronic devices with intrinsically stretchable components are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea
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28
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Liu Z, Qi D, Guo P, Liu Y, Zhu B, Yang H, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang C, Yu J, Liedberg B, Chen X. Thickness-Gradient Films for High Gauge Factor Stretchable Strain Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6230-7. [PMID: 26376000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-gauge-factor stretchable strain sensors are developed by utilizing a new strategy of thickness-gradient films with high durability, and high uniaxial/isotropic stretchability based on the self-pinning effect of SWCNTs. The monitoring of detailed damping vibration modes driven by weak sound based on such sensors is demonstrated, making a solid step toward real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Peizhi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bowen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiancan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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29
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Qi D, Liu Z, Yu M, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lv J, Li Y, Wei J, Liedberg B, Yu Z, Chen X. Highly stretchable gold nanobelts with sinusoidal structures for recording electrocorticograms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3145-3151. [PMID: 25865755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed sinusoidal gold nanobelts are fabricated as stretchable electrodes, and they do not show obvious change of resistance under large deformation after 10,000 cyclic stretching/relaxing processes. As a proof of concept, they are successfully used to record intracranial electroencephalogram or electrocorticogram signals from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuxin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junhui Lv
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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