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Obrero JM, Filippin AN, Alcaire M, Sanchez-Valencia JR, Jacob M, Matei C, Aparicio FJ, Macias-Montero M, Rojas TC, Espinos JP, Saghi Z, Barranco A, Borras A. Supported Porous Nanostructures Developed by Plasma Processing of Metal Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins. Front Chem 2020; 8:520. [PMID: 32626693 PMCID: PMC7311806 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The large area scalable fabrication of supported porous metal and metal oxide nanomaterials is acknowledged as one of the greatest challenges for their eventual implementation in on-device applications. In this work, we will present a comprehensive revision and the latest results regarding the pioneering use of commercially available metal phthalocyanines and porphyrins as solid precursors for the plasma-assisted deposition of porous metal and metal oxide films and three-dimensional nanostructures (hierarchical nanowires and nanotubes). The most advanced features of this method relay on its ample general character from the point of view of the porous material composition and microstructure, mild deposition and processing temperature and energy constrictions and, finally, its straightforward compatibility with the direct deposition of the porous nanomaterials on processable substrates and device-architectures. Thus, taking advantage of the variety in the composition of commercially available metal porphyrins and phthalocyanines, we present the development of metal and metal oxides layers including Pt, CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2, and ZnO with morphologies ranging from nanoparticles to nanocolumnar films. In addition, we combine this method with the fabrication by low-pressure vapor transport of single-crystalline organic nanowires for the formation of hierarchical hybrid organic@metal/metal-oxide and @metal/metal-oxide nanotubes. We carry out a thorough characterization of the films and nanowires using SEM, TEM, FIB 3D, and electron tomography. The latest two techniques are revealed as critical for the elucidation of the inner porosity of the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Obrero
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro N Filippin
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Alcaire
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan R Sanchez-Valencia
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Martin Jacob
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Francisco J Aparicio
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Montero
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Óptica Daza Baldés (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa C Rojas
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan P Espinos
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Zineb Saghi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | - Angel Barranco
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Borras
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS, CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
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Wu WQ, Xu YF, Chen HY, Kuang DB, Su CY. Solution-Processed Anatase Titania Nanowires: From Hyperbranched Design to Optoelectronic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:633-644. [PMID: 30668116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of solar energy and the development of its related optoelectronic devices have become more important than ever. Solar cells or photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells that require the design of light harvesting assemblies for efficiently converting solar light into electricity or solar fuels are of particular interest. Semiconductor TiO2, serving as the photoelectrode for photovoltaic devices (e.g., dye- or quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs/QDSSCs) or perovskite solar cells (PSCs)) and PEC cells, has aroused intense research interest owing to its inherent characteristics of wide band gap and promising optical and electrical properties. TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) have been widely used in optoelectronic devices due to their unique 1D geometry and salient optical and electrical properties. However, the insufficient surface area resulting from the relatively large diameter of NWs and considerable free space between adjacent NWs restricts their optoelectronic performance. Hence, it is desirable to explore every feasible aspect of TNWs in terms of structural design and optical management, aiming to further improve the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this Account, we present a brief survey of strategies for designing branched or hyperbranched TNW-based photoelectrodes and their applications in solar cells and PEC cells. The general strategies (e.g., alkaline/acid hydrothermal method, lift-off transfer, and self-assembly approach) are discussed to address the challenges associated with fabricating TNWs on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrates. A series of strategies to fabricate judiciously designed 3D branched array architectures, including length tuning and sequential surface branched or hyperbranched modification, are proposed. The versatile implantation of the TNWs onto other backbones (nanosheets, nanotubes, hollow spheres, or multilayered electrodes) and substrates (fiber-shaped metal wire or mesh, flexible metal foil, or plastic sheet) is demonstrated to construct a new class of the TNW-embedded composite electrode materials with desired morphological characteristics and optoelectronic properties, for example, favorable energy level alignment for cascade charge transfer and rational homogeneous/heterogeneous interfacial engineering. The functionalities of TNW-based electrodes include enlarged surface area and superior light scattering for maximized light harvesting, as well as facilitated charge transport and suppressed charge recombination for enhanced charge collection, which are promising in optoelectronic fields such as solar cells, photocatalysis, and PEC cells. Beyond TNWs, one can also integrate other types of semiconductor (e.g., Fe2O3 or WO3) NWs into rationally designed structures for preparing novel photocatalytic materials with panchromatic absorption, efficient charge transfer, and excellent catalytic properties. Finally, an insightful perspective for rational design of advanced NW-based materials is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Qiang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Fan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Bin Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Lee W, Kang S, Hwang T, Kim K, Woo H, Lee B, Kim J, Kim J, Park B. Facile Conversion Synthesis of Densely-Formed Branched ZnO-Nanowire Arrays for Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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