1
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Tian JS, Tay A. Progress on Electro-Enhancement of Cell Manufacturing. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301281. [PMID: 38059759 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the long persistence of complex, chronic diseases in society, there is increasing motivation to develop cells as living medicine to treat diseases ranging from cancer to wounds. While cell therapies can significantly impact healthcare, the shortage of starter cells meant that considerable raw materials must be channeled solely for cell expansion, leading to expensive products with long manufacturing time which can prevent accessibility by patients who either cannot afford the treatment or have highly aggressive diseases and cannot wait that long. Over the last three decades, there has been increasing knowledge on the effects of electrical modulation on proliferation, but to the best of the knowledge, none of these studies went beyond how electro-control of cell proliferation may be extended to enhance industrial scale cell manufacturing. Here, this review is started by discussing the importance of maximizing cell yield during manufacturing before comparing strategies spanning biomolecular/chemical/physical to modulate cell proliferation. Next, the authors describe how factors governing invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation (ES) including capacitive coupling electric field may be modified to boost cell manufacturing. This review concludes by describing what needs to be urgently performed to bridge the gap between academic investigation of ES to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Shane Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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2
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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3
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Hu ET, Zhao H, Wang M, Wang J, Cai QY, Yu K, Wei W. Design and Fabrication of an Ag Ultrathin Layer-Based Transparent Band Tunable Conductor and Its Thermal Stability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2108. [PMID: 37513119 PMCID: PMC10386063 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductors (TC) have been widely applied in a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, different transparent spectral bands are always needed for particular applications. In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free TCs with tunable transparent bands based on the film structure of TiO2/Ag/AZO (Al-doped ZnO) were designed by the transfer matrix method and deposited by magnetron sputtering. The transparent spectra and figure-of-merit (FOM) were effectively adjusted by precisely controlling the Ag layer's thickness. The fabricated as-deposited samples exhibited an average optical transmittance larger than 88.3% (400-700 nm), a sheet resistance lower than 7.7 Ω.sq-1, a low surface roughness of about 1.4 nm, and mechanical stability upon 1000 bending cycles. Moreover, the samples were able to hold optical and electrical properties after annealing at 300 °C for 60 min, but failed at 400 °C even for 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Tao Hu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Basic Education, Tongda College of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Kehan Yu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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5
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Wang Y, Li M, Fan B, Wong YS, Lo CY, Kwok CKG, Shil SK, Yip HL, Jen AKY, Tsang SW, Yu KM. Flexibility of Room-Temperature-Synthesized Amorphous CdO-In 2O 3 Alloy Films and Their Application as Transparent Conductors in Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43795-43805. [PMID: 34464077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low-temperature deposition, high mobility (>10 cm2/V·s), and electrical conductivity, amorphous ionic oxide semiconductors (AIOSs) have received much attention for their applications in flexible and/or organic electro-optical devices. Here, we report on a study of the flexibility of CdO-In2O3 alloy thin films, deposited on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Cd1-xInxO1+δ alloys with the composition of x > 0.6 are amorphous, exhibiting a high electron mobility of 40-50 cm2/V·s, a low resistivity of ∼3 × 10-4 Ω·cm, and high transmittance over a wide spectral window of 350 to >1600 nm. The flexibility of both crystalline and amorphous Cd1-xInxO1+δ films on the PET substrate was investigated by measuring their electrical resistivity after both compressive and tensile bending with a range of bending radii and repeated bending cycles. Under both compressive and tensile bending with Rb = 16.5 mm, no significant degradation was observed for both the crystalline and amorphous films up to 300 bending cycles. For a smaller bending radius, the amorphous film shows much less electrical degradation than the crystalline films under compressive bending due to less film delamination at the bending sites. On the other hand, for a small bending radius (<16 mm), both crystalline and amorphous films degrade after repeated tensile bending, most likely due to the development of microcracks in the films. To demonstrate the application of amorphous Cd1-xInxO1+δ alloy in photovoltaics, we fabricated perovskite and bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) on glass and flexible PET utilizing amorphous Cd1-xInxO1+δ layers as transparent electrodes. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼11 to 12% under both front and back illumination, demonstrating good bifacial performance with bifaciality factor >90%. The OSCs fabricated on an amorphous Cd1-xInxO1+δ-coated flexible PET substrate achieve a promising PCE of 12.06%. Our results strongly suggest the technological potentials of amorphous Cd1-xInxO1+δ as a reliable and effective transparent conducting material for flexible and organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Menglin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Baobing Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yeung Sum Wong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chung Yan Lo
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Cheuk Kai Gary Kwok
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sujit Kumer Shil
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kin Man Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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6
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Xu G, Li Y. Metal‐microstructure based flexible transparent electrodes and their applications in electronic devices. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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7
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Rombaut J, Fernandez M, Mazumder P, Pruneri V. Nanostructured Hybrid-Material Transparent Surface with Antireflection Properties and a Facile Fabrication Process. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19840-19846. [PMID: 31788616 PMCID: PMC6882085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly transparent optical surfaces with antireflection (AR) properties have the potential to increase the performance of a wide range of applications, such as windows for photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, and display screens among others. Biomimetic structures inspired by the moth-eye have attracted much attention as they can offer superior AR properties, which can generate broadband, omnidirectional optical transmission, and water-repellent self-cleaning behavior. However, many biomimetic surfaces suffer from time-consuming and complex processing, for example, electron beam and nanoimprint lithography, and/or sub-optimal mechanical reliability. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid material approach-nanostructured polyimide on a substrate-for demonstrating a surface with significant AR and hydrophobic properties together with low scattering (haze) and high mechanical resistance. As an example of applications, we demonstrate an indium tin oxide transparent conductive substrate with a large AR effect and optical transmission associated to the nanostructured polyimide coating. The proposed design and method based on conventional spin-coating and lithography-free metal dewetting have the potential to be a low-cost processing path of nanostructured AR transparent substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rombaut
- ICFO—Institut
de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernandez
- ICFO—Institut
de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Prantik Mazumder
- Corning
Research and Development Corporation, Sullivan Park, Corning, 14831 New York, United
States
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO—Institut
de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA—Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Wang Y, Hong Y, Chen Q, Zhou G, He W, Gao Z, Zhou X, Zhang W, Su X, Sun R. Direct surface in-situ activation for electroless deposition of robust conductive copper patterns on polyimide film. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Yang J, Lin Y, Zheng W, Liu A, Cai W, Yu X, Zhang F, Liang Q, Wu H, Qin D, Hou L. Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die-Printed Polymer Solar Cells by Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22485-22494. [PMID: 29893117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extremely simplified one-step roll-to-roll slot-die-printed flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free polymer solar cells (PSCs) are demonstrated based on the ternary blends of electron-donor polymer thieno[3,4- b]thiophene/benzodithiophene, electron-acceptor fullerene [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, and electron-extracting polymer poly[(9,9-bis(3'-( N, N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)- alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) at room temperature (RT) in ambient air. The flexible ITO-free PSC exhibits a comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) with the device employing complicated two-step slot-die printing (5.29% vs 5.41%), which indicates that PFN molecules can migrate from the ternary nanocomposite toward the Ag cathode via vertical self-assembly during the one-step slot-die printing process in air. To confirm the migration of PFN, the morphology and elemental analysis as well as charge transport of different active layers are investigated by the in situ transient film drying process, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle and surface energy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, transient photovoltage and transient photocurrent, and laser-beam-induced current. Moreover, the good air and mechanical stability of the flexible device with a decent PCE achieved in 1 cm2 PSCs at RT in air suggests the feasibility of energy-saving and time-saving one-step slot-die printing to large-scale roll-to-roll manufacture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Alei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Wanzhu Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-581 83 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Quanbin Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Donghuan Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
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10
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Barham JP, Tanaka S, Koyama E, Ohneda N, Okamoto T, Odajima H, Sugiyama JI, Norikane Y. Selective, Scalable Synthesis of C60-Fullerene/Indene Monoadducts Using a Microwave Flow Applicator. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4348-4354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
- SAIDA FDS, INC., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | - Satoko Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohneda
- SAIDA FDS, INC., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamoto
- SAIDA FDS, INC., 143-10 Isshiki, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0054, Japan
| | | | - Jun-ichi Sugiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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11
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Wu CC. Highly flexible touch screen panel fabricated with silver-inserted transparent ITO triple-layer structures. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11862-11870. [PMID: 35539399 PMCID: PMC9079291 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13550e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flexible and transparent amorphous-indium tin oxide/silver/crystalline-indium tin oxide (a-ITO/Ag/c-ITO) triple-layer structure was prepared as an electrode for capacitive-type touch screen panels (TSPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Applied Science
- National Taitung University
- Taitung
- Republic of China
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12
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Ou XL, Feng J, Xu M, Sun HB. Semitransparent and flexible perovskite solar cell with high visible transmittance based on ultrathin metallic electrodes. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1958-1961. [PMID: 28504769 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated semitransparent and flexible indium-free perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) with high visible transmittance employing two kinds of composite ultrathin metallic electrodes, MoO3/Au and MoO3/Au/Ag/MoO3/Alq3, as the bottom and top electrodes, respectively. These electrodes show superb electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical robustness, and high optical transparency which are quite suitable for semitransparent and flexible PeSCs. An overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.96% and an average visible transmittance of 18.16% in the wavelength range of 380-790 nm were achieved. Furthermore, the devices maintained 71% of their initial PCE after 1000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 4 mm.
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13
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An antireflection transparent conductor with ultralow optical loss (<2 %) and electrical resistance (<6 Ω sq -1). Nat Commun 2016; 7:13771. [PMID: 27991517 PMCID: PMC5187436 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent conductors are essential in many optoelectronic devices, such as displays, smart windows, light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Here we demonstrate a transparent conductor with optical loss of ∼1.6%, that is, even lower than that of single-layer graphene (2.3%), and transmission higher than 98% over the visible wavelength range. This was possible by an optimized antireflection design consisting in applying Al-doped ZnO and TiO2 layers with precise thicknesses to a highly conductive Ag ultrathin film. The proposed multilayer structure also possesses a low electrical resistance (5.75 Ω sq−1), a figure of merit four times larger than that of indium tin oxide, the most widely used transparent conductor today, and, contrary to it, is mechanically flexible and room temperature deposited. To assess the application potentials, transparent shielding of radiofrequency and microwave interference signals with ∼30 dB attenuation up to 18 GHz was achieved.
Transparent conductors are fundamental for optoelectronics. Using the transfer matrix method to optimise a multistructure of anti-reflection coatings containing an ultrathin metal film, Maniyara et al. achieve the highest transmittance of an antireflection transparent conductor combined with low resistance.
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14
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Liu X, Li X, Li Y, Song C, Zhu L, Zhang W, Wang HQ, Fang J. High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with PCE of 10.42% via Al-Doped ZnO Cathode Interlayer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7405-7412. [PMID: 27309840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-performance polymer solar cells incorporating a low-temperature-processed aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) cathode interlayer are constructed with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.42% based on PTB7-Th:PC71 BM blends (insensitive to the AZO thickness). Moreover, flexible devices on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide substrates with PCE of 8.93% are also obtained, and welldistributed efficiency and good device stability are demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Changjian Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hai-Qiao Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Junfeng Fang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
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15
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High Stable, Transparent and Conductive ZnO/Ag/ZnO Nanofilm Electrodes on Rigid/Flexible Substrates. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Olson J, Manjavacas A, Basu T, Huang D, Schlather AE, Zheng B, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Link S. High Chromaticity Aluminum Plasmonic Pixels for Active Liquid Crystal Displays. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1108-17. [PMID: 26639191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromatic devices such as flat panel displays could, in principle, be substantially improved by incorporating aluminum plasmonic nanostructures instead of conventional chromophores that are susceptible to photobleaching. In nanostructure form, aluminum is capable of producing colors that span the visible region of the spectrum while contributing exceptional robustness, low cost, and streamlined manufacturability compatible with semiconductor manufacturing technology. However, individual aluminum nanostructures alone lack the vivid chromaticity of currently available chromophores because of the strong damping of the aluminum plasmon resonance in the visible region of the spectrum. In recent work, we showed that pixels formed by periodic arrays of Al nanostructures yield far more vivid coloration than the individual nanostructures. This progress was achieved by exploiting far-field diffractive coupling, which significantly suppresses the scattering response on the long-wavelength side of plasmonic pixel resonances. In the present work, we show that by utilizing another collective coupling effect, Fano interference, it is possible to substantially narrow the short-wavelength side of the pixel spectral response. Together, these two complementary effects provide unprecedented control of plasmonic pixel spectral line shape, resulting in aluminum pixels with far more vivid, monochromatic coloration across the entire RGB color gamut than previously attainable. We further demonstrate that pixels designed in this manner can be used directly as switchable elements in liquid crystal displays and determine the minimum and optimal numbers of nanorods required in an array to achieve good color quality and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Marus M, Hubarevich A, Wang H, Stsiapanau A, Smirnov A, Sun XW, Fan W. Comparative analysis of opto-electronic performance of aluminium and silver nano-porous and nano-wired layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:26794-26799. [PMID: 26480190 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.026794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The comparison of optical and electronic properties between squarely and hexagonally arranged nano-porous layers and uniformly arranged nano-wired layers of aluminium and silver was presented. The nano-wired configuration exhibit 20 and 10% higher average transmittance in visible wavelength range in comparison to square and hexagonal nano-porous designs, respectively. The insignificant difference of the transmittance for aluminium and silver nano-porous and nano-wired layers is observed, when interpore/interwire distance is larger than wavelengths of incoming light. This difference becomes considerable at the interpore/interwire distance less than wavelengths of incoming light: silver nano-porous and nano-wired layers possess up to 27% higher transmittance in comparison to aluminium layers.
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