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Ma P, Liu Y, Tian Y, Ma L. Potential dependent friction: role of interfacial hydrated molecules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. "Fuzzy hair" promotes cell sheet detachment from thermoresponsive brushes already above their volume phase transition temperature. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213101. [PMID: 36087558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) brushes have shown to be viable substrates for the culture and temperature-triggered detachment of confluent cell sheets. Surface-tethered PGEs with a cloud point temperature (TCP) around ~30 °C exhibit phase transitions well-centered within the physiological range (20-37 °C), which makes them ideal candidates for cell sheet fabrication. However, PGEs with TCPs at ~20 °C also afford the detachment of various types of cell sheets, even at room temperature (20-23 °C), i.e., above the polymers' TCPs. In this study, we investigate the phase transition of PGE brushes tethered to polystyrene (PS) culture substrates with varying grafting density and TCP to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of their functionality in cell sheet fabrication. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, we demonstrate that brushes fabricated from PGEs with TCPs at ~20 °C display volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) well below room temperature. Although the investigated coatings obviously do not exhibit marked thermal switching in terms of brush hydration and layer thickness, their physical properties at the brush-water interface, as ascertained by QCM-D and AFM measurements, undergo subtle changes upon cooling from 37 °C to room temperature which is sufficient to promote cell sheet detachment. Thus, it appears that discreet rehydration of the outmost brush layer, resembling "fuzzy hair" at the brush-water interface, renders the surfaces less protein- and cell-adhesive at room temperature. This minor structural change of the interface allows for the reliable detachment of human dermal fibroblast sheets already at 20 °C well above the VPTT of the brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Ruiter FAA, Sidney LE, Kiick KL, Segal JI, Alexander C, Rose FRAJ. The electrospinning of a thermo-responsive polymer with peptide conjugates for phenotype support and extracellular matrix production of therapeutically relevant mammalian cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:2611-2626. [PMID: 32239020 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Current cell expansion methods for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications rely on the use of enzymatic digestion passaging and 2D platforms. However, this enzymatic treatment significantly reduces cell quality, due to the destruction of important cell-surface proteins. In addition, culture in 2D results in undesired de-differentiation of the cells caused by the lack of 3D similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Research has led to the development of thermo-responsive surfaces for the continuous culture of cells. These thermo-responsive materials properties can be used to passage cells from the surface when the cell culture temperature is reduced. Here we report the development of a PLA/thermo-responsive (PDEGMA) blend 3D electrospun fibre-based scaffold to create an enzymatic-free 3D cell culture platform for the expansion of mammalian cells with the desired phenotype for clinical use. Human corneal stromal cells (hCSCs) were used as an exemplar as they have been observed to de-differentiate to an undesirable myo-fibroblastic phenotype when cultured by conventional 2D cell culture methods. Scaffolds were functionalised with a cell adherence peptide sequence GGG-YIGSR by thiol-ene chemistry to improve cell adherence and phenotype support. This was obtained by functionalising the thermo-responsive polymer with a thiol (PDEGMA/PDEGSH) by co-polymerisation. These incorporated thiols react with the norbornene acid functionalised peptide (Nor-GGG-YIGSR) under UV exposure. Presence of the thiol in the scaffold and subsequent peptide attachment on the scaffolds were confirmed by fluorescence labelling, ToF-SIMS and XPS analysis. The biocompatibility of the peptide containing scaffolds was assessed by the adhesion, proliferation and immuno-staining of hCSCs. Significant increase in hCSC adherence and proliferation was observed on the peptide containing scaffolds. Immuno-staining showed maintained expression of the desired phenotypic markers ALDH, CD34 and CD105, while showing no or low expression of the undesired phenotype marker α-SMA. This desired expression was observed to be maintained after thermo-responsive passaging and higher when cells were cultured on PLA scaffolds with 10 wt% PDEGMA/4 mol% PDEGS-Nor-GGG-YIGSR. This paper describes the fabrication and application of a first generation, biocompatible peptide conjugated thermo-responsive fibrous scaffold. The ease of fabrication, successful adherence and expansion of a therapeutically relevant cell type makes these scaffolds a promising new class of materials for the application of cell culture expansion platforms in the biomaterials and tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A A Ruiter
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - L E Sidney
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - K L Kiick
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, USA.
| | - J I Segal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - C Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - F R A J Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Cui N, Han K, Li M, Wang J, Qian J. Pure polylysine-based foamy scaffolds and their interaction with MC3T3-E1 cells and osteogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:025004. [PMID: 31778985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5cfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptide-derived copolymers have widely been exploited for drug/gene delivery due to their pendant functional groups and non-toxic degradation products. However, fabrication of polypeptide-based scaffolds for tissue engineering has seldom been reported. In this study, foamy poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-Lysine) (PZL) and poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) (PZLP) scaffolds were successfully prepared by a combination of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride and negative porous NaCl templating approach. The physicochemical properties of these scaffolds including glass transition temperature, contact angle, compression modulus and degradation behavior were characterized. Both in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated by MC3T3-E1 cell culture and SD subcutaneous model, respectively. The results from live-dead staining, MTT and ALP activity assays indicated that PZL scaffolds were more conducive to the adhesion, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to PZLP scaffolds in the initial culture period due to their specific surface properties. While porous structure rather than surface properties of scaffolds played a decisive role in the later stage of cell culture. The results of in vivo studies including H&E, Masson's trichrome and CD34 staining further demonstrated that PZL scaffolds supported the ingrowth of microvessels than PZLP scaffolds due to their surface property difference. Collectively, PZL scaffolds displayed good biocompatibility and could be a promising candidate for tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Hu H, Xu Y, Deng X, Luo Z, Zhou L, Shen M. Heparin-grafted PVA hydrogels: a material for the optical part of artificial cornea. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.18.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (Hep) was grafted to a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel surface by using the covalent grafting method. The structure of the modified hydrogel was determined from Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the samples was investigated by thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis. The effects of the concentration of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (kh550) and Hep on visible light transmittance, moisture content, equilibrium swelling, hydrophilicity and percentage of Hep sodium release of the composite hydrogel were studied. The visible light transmittance of the modified PVA hydrogel was above 94%. The time of swelling equilibrium was about 60 min and the equilibrium swelling ratio ranged from 3·0 to 3·5. The hydrophilicity was enhanced, and the static water contact angle decreased from 41 to 28°. The bioeffects of the PVA–kh550–Hep hydrogel were evaluated by studying cell adhesion and proliferation. During the adhesion assay in vitro, cell adhesion significantly decreased after the interfaces had been modified with Hep. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that the biocompatibility of the PVA–kh550–Hep hydrogel improved obviously compared to that of pure PVA. The experimental results demonstrated that the PVA–kh550–Hep hydrogel had good stability, bioactivity and biocompatibility, suggesting its potential applications in artificial corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youqun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinwang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongkuan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingcheng Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Mokhtarinia K, Nourbakhsh MS, Masaeli E, Entezam M, Karamali F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Switchable phase transition behavior of thermoresponsive substrates for cell sheet engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Mokhtarinia
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Elahe Masaeli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Entezam
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yazd University; Yazd Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
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Heinen S, Cuéllar-Camacho JL, Weinhart M. Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on gold: Surface engineering parameters and their implication for cell sheet fabrication. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28647625 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymer coatings, optimized for cell adhesion and thermally-triggered cell detachment, allow the fabrication of confluent cell sheets with intact extracellular matrix. However, rational design guidelines for such coatings are rare, since temperature-triggered cell adhesion and detachment from thermoresponsive surfaces are mechanistically not well understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of molecular weight (2, 9, 24kDa), grafting density (0.04-1.4 chains nm-2), morphology, and roughness of well-characterized thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on the cell response at 37 and 20°C. NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts served as a model cell line for adhesion, proliferation, and cell sheet detachment. The cell response was correlated with serum protein adsorption from cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Intact cell sheets could be harvested from all the studied poly(glycidyl ether) coated surfaces, irrespective of the molecular weight, provided that the morphology of the coating was homogenous and the surface was fully shielded by the hydrated brush. The degree of chain overlap was estimated by the ratio of twice the polymer's Flory radius in a theta solvent to its interchain distance, which should be located in the strongly overlapping brush regime (2 Rf/l>1.4). In contrast, dense PNIPAM (2.5kDa) control monolayers did not induce protein adsorption from cell culture medium at 37°C and, as a result, did not allow a significant cell adhesion. These structural design parameters of functional poly(glycidyl ether) coatings on gold will contribute to future engineering of these thermoresponsive coatings on more common, cell culture relevant substrates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell sheet engineering as a scaffold-free approach towards tissue engineering resembles a milestone in regenerative medicine. The fabrication of confluent cell sheets maintains the extracellular matrix of cells which serves as the physiological cell scaffold. Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether)s are highly cell-compatible and brushes thereof promote cell adhesion and growth without modification with additional cell adhesive ligands. Thus, a direct correlation of temperature-dependent serum protein adsorption and cell response with surface design parameters such as grafting density and molecular weight became accessible. Hence, surface engineering parameters of well-defined poly(glycidyl ether) monolayers for reproducible cell sheet fabrication have been identified. These design guidelines may also prove beneficial in the development of other brush-like thermoresponsive coatings for cell sheet engineering.
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Anderson CR, Gambinossi F, DiLillo KM, Laschewsky A, Wischerhoff E, Ferri JK, Sefcik LS. Tuning reversible cell adhesion to methacrylate-based thermoresponsive polymers: Effects of composition on substrate hydrophobicity and cellular responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2416-2428. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Gambinossi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lafayette College; Easton Pennsylvania
| | - Katarina M. DiLillo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lafayette College; Easton Pennsylvania
| | - André Laschewsky
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research; Potsdam-Golm D-14476 Germany
| | - Erik Wischerhoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research; Potsdam-Golm D-14476 Germany
| | - James K. Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lafayette College; Easton Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren S. Sefcik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Lafayette College; Easton Pennsylvania
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Anderson CR, Abecunas C, Warrener M, Laschewsky A, Wischerhoff E. Effects of Methacrylate-Based Thermoresponsive Polymer Brush Composition on Fibroblast Adhesion and Morphology. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:75-88. [PMID: 31719850 PMCID: PMC6811809 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers are being used increasingly in cell culture applications due to their temperature dependent surface properties. Poly(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA) (PMO) brushes offer tunable physical properties via variation in the copolymer ratio, but the effects of composition on cell-substrate interactions is unclear. To this end, a series of PMO brushes (0-8% OEGMA) was fabricated and L-929 fibroblast adhesion and morphology was quantified in the presence of serum (FBS) or after functionalization via the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN). Quantification of the adsorption of model proteins, bovine serum albumin and FN, revealed that the extent of adsorption was correlated to the amount MEO2MA content, which represents the more hydrophobic component in PMO brushes. Cells exhibited delayed attachment and spreading on all PMO substrates in the presence of FBS. After 24 h, cell attachment was comparable; however, increased spreading was correlated with increased MEO2MA content. Adsorption of FN significantly increased initial cell attachment to all PMO surfaces after 2 h. This was not observed with VN; however, both FN and VN increased cell spreading/decreased cell circularity for all PMO substrates relative to FBS. Pure MEO2MA brushes with FN exhibited increased cell spreading/decreased cell circularity relative to other PMO substrates after 2 h, and elicited the highest cell density after 24 h. These results demonstrate that increased MEO2MA content in PMO substrates facilitates cell attachment and spreading, which can be further enhanced by adsorbing FN in the absence of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - Cara Abecunas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - Matthew Warrener
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - André Laschewsky
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Erik Wischerhoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Chang B, Zhang B, Sun T. Smart Polymers with Special Wettability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 27008568 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface wettability plays a key role in addressing issues ranging from basic life activities to our daily life, and thus being able to control it is an attractive goal. Learning from nature, both of its structure and function, brings us much inspiration in designing smart polymers to tackle this major challenge. Life functions particularly depend on biomolecular recognition-induced interfacial properties from the aqueous phase onto either "soft" cell and tissue or "hard" inorganic bone and tooth surfaces. The driving force is noncovalent weak interactions rather than strong covalent combinations. An overview is provided of the weak interactions that perform vital actions in mediating biological processes, which serve as a basis for elaborating multi-component polymers with special wettabilities. The role of smart polymers from molecular recognitions to macroscopic properties are highlighted. The rationale is that highly selective weak interactions are capable of creating a dynamic synergetic communication in the building components of polymers. Biomolecules could selectively induce conformational transitions of polymer chains, and then drive a switching of physicochemical properties, e.g., roughness, stiffness and compositions, which are an integrated embodiment of macroscopic surface wettabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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