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Quiroz-Arturo H, Reinoso C, Scherf U, Palma-Cando A. Microporous Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38251144 PMCID: PMC10819510 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and potential toxicity of emergent pollutants pose significant threats to biodiversity and human health, emphasizing the need for sensors capable of detecting these pollutants at extremely low concentrations before treatment. This study focuses on the development of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified by films of poly-tris(4-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (PTPTCzSiOH), poly-4,4'-Di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (PCBP), and poly-1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PTCB) for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous media. The films were characterized using electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monomers were electropolymerized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Computational methods at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level were employed to investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the monomers. The electrochemical detection of MNZ utilized the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Surface characterization through SEM and XPS confirmed the proper electrodeposition of polymer films. Notably, MPN-GCEs exhibited higher detection signals compared to bare GCEs up to 3.6 times in the case of PTPTCzSiOH-GCEs. This theoretical study provides insights into the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the polymers. The findings suggest that polymer-modified GCEs hold promise as candidates for the development of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quiroz-Arturo
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Reinoso
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
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2
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Fumeaux N, Almeida CP, Demuru S, Briand D. Organic electrochemical transistors printed from degradable materials as disposable biochemical sensors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11467. [PMID: 37454190 PMCID: PMC10349802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient electronics hold promise in reducing electronic waste, especially in applications that require only a limited lifetime. While various degradable electronic and physical sensing devices have been proposed, there is growing interest in the development of degradable biochemical sensors. In this work, we present the development of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) with degradable electrodes, printed on an eco- and bioresorbable substrate. The influence of the design and materials for the contacts, channel and gate of the transducer, namely poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon, is systematically evaluated for the development of OECT-based transient biosensors. The sensing capabilities of the electrochemical transistors are demonstrated with ionic solutions as well as for the enzyme-based detection of glucose. The disposable OECTs show comparable performance to their non-degradable counterparts. Their integration with highly conductive degradable and printable zinc tracks is studied for the realization of interconnects. These eco-friendly OECTs may find applications as disposable and sustainable biochemical sensors, and constitute a step towards bioresorbable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fumeaux
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudio Pinto Almeida
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Demuru
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Danick Briand
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Electronic properties of lithium-ion battery cathodes studied in ion-gated transistor configuration. iScience 2022; 26:105888. [PMID: 36691610 PMCID: PMC9860478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic and ionic transport governs lithium-ion battery (LIB) operation. The in operando study of electronic transport in lithium-ion transition metal oxide (LMOx) cathodes at different states of charge enables the evaluation of the state of health of LIBs and the optimization of their performance. We report on electronic transport in LIB cathode materials at different states of charge controlled in operando in ion-gated transistor (IGT) configuration. We considered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532)- and LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LNMO)-based composite materials formulated like in conventional LIB cathodes and operated in the organic electrolyte LP30 (1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate 1:1 v/v). NMC532- and LNMO-based cathode materials were used as the transistor channel materials and LP30 as the ion gating medium. Beyond its impact on the field of LIBs, our work advances the design of novel devices based on mixed ionic and electronic transport, including neuromorphic computing.
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Subramanian A, Azimi M, Leong CY, Lee SL, Santato C, Cicoira F. Solution-Processed Titanium Dioxide Ion-Gated Transistors and Their Application for pH Sensing. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2022.813535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an abundant metal oxide, widely used in food industry, cosmetics, medicine, water treatment and electronic devices. TiO2 is of interest for next-generation indium-free thin-film transistors and ion-gated transistors due to its tunable optoelectronic properties, ambient stability, and solution processability. In this work, we fabricated TiO2 films using a wet chemical approach and demonstrated their transistor behavior with room temperature ionic liquids and aqueous electrolytes. In addition, we demonstrated the pH sensing behavior of the TiO2 IGTs with a sensitivity of ∼48 mV/pH. Furthermore, we demonstrated a low temperature (120°C), solution processed TiO2-based IGTs on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, which were stable under moderate tensile bending.
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Paudel PR, Skowrons M, Dahal D, Radha Krishnan RK, Lüssem B. The Transient Response of Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Drona Dahal
- Department of Physics Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | | | - Björn Lüssem
- Department of Physics Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
- Institut for Microsensors, Microactuators, and Microsystems (IMSAS) University of Bremen Otto‐Hahn‐Allee 1 Bremen 28359 Germany
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6
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Mastragostino M, Soavi F. Pseudocapacitive and Ion‐Insertion Materials: A Bridge between Energy Storage, Electronics and Neuromorphic Computing. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastragostino
- Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna Via Zamboni, 31 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Soavi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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Kim JH, Kim SM, Kim G, Yoon MH. Designing Polymeric Mixed Conductors and Their Application to Electrochemical-Transistor-Based Biosensors. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000211. [PMID: 32851795 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors that employ polymeric mixed conductors as their active channels are one of the most prominent biosensor platforms because of their signal amplification capability, low fabrication cost, mechanical flexibility, and various properties tunable through molecular design. For application to biomedical devices, polymeric mixed conductors should fulfill several requirements, such as excellent conductivities of both holes/electrons and ions, long-term operation stability, and decent biocompatibility. However, trade-offs may exist, for instance, one between ionic conduction and overall device stability. In this report, the fundamental understanding of polymeric mixed conductors, the recent advance in enhancing their ionic and electrical conductivity, and their practical applications as biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors are reviewed. Finally, key strategies are suggested for developing novel polymeric mixed conductors that may exceed the trade-off between device performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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Alqarni SA, Hussein MA, Ganash AA, Khan A. Composite Material–Based Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensor Applications: a Mini Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Liao J, Si H, Zhang X, Lin S. Functional Sensing Interfaces of PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Chemical and Biological Sensors: A Mini Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E218. [PMID: 30634408 PMCID: PMC6359468 DOI: 10.3390/s19020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for applications in in vitro and in vivo measurements. OECTs have two important sensing interfaces for signal monitoring: One is the gate electrode surface; the other is the channel surface. This mini review introduced the new developments in chemical and biological detection of the two sensing interfaces. Specific focus was given on the modification technological approaches of the gate or channel surface. In particular, some unique strategies and surface designs aiming to facilitate signal-transduction and amplification were discussed. Several perspectives and current challenges of OECTs development were also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hewei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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10
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Optimization of physicochemical and dielectric features in the conductive copolymers of aniline and 2-aminophenol. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Valitova I, Natile MM, Soavi F, Santato C, Cicoira F. Tin Dioxide Electrolyte-Gated Transistors Working in Depletion and Enhancement Modes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37013-37021. [PMID: 28971670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductors are interesting for next-generation flexible and transparent electronics because of their performance and reliability. Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a very promising material that has already found applications in sensing, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and batteries. In this work, we report on electrolyte-gated, solution-processed polycrystalline SnO2 transistors on both rigid and flexible substrates. For the transistor channel, we used both unpatterned and patterned SnO2 films. Since decreasing the SnO2 area in contact with the electrolyte increases the charge-carrier density, patterned transistors operate in the depletion mode, whereas unpatterned ones operate in the enhancement mode. We also fabricated flexible SnO2 transistors that operate in the enhancement mode that can withstand moderate mechanical bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Valitova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal , H3T 1J4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Marta Maria Natile
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICMATE-CNR) and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova , Via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Francesca Soavi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Clara Santato
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal , H3T 1J4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal , H3T 1J4 Montreal, Canada
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12
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Le TH, Kim Y, Yoon H. Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Conducting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9040150. [PMID: 30970829 PMCID: PMC6432010 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) have received much attention in both fundamental and practical studies because they have electrical and electrochemical properties similar to those of both traditional semiconductors and metals. CPs possess excellent characteristics such as mild synthesis and processing conditions, chemical and structural diversity, tunable conductivity, and structural flexibility. Advances in nanotechnology have allowed the fabrication of versatile CP nanomaterials with improved performance for various applications including electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and energy devices. The aim of this review is to explore the conductivity mechanisms and electrical and electrochemical properties of CPs and to discuss the factors that significantly affect these properties. The size and morphology of the materials are also discussed as key parameters that affect their major properties. Finally, the latest trends in research on electrochemical capacitors and sensors are introduced through an in-depth discussion of the most remarkable studies reported since 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hai Le
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Yukyung Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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13
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Friedlein JT, Donahue MJ, Shaheen SE, Malliaras GG, McLeod RR. Microsecond Response in Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Exceeding the Ionic Speed Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8398-8404. [PMID: 27457055 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are transistors that can have extrinsic transconductances as high as 400 S m-1 , but they typically have response times on the order of 1 ms or longer. These response speeds are limited by ion transport. It is shown that OECTs can exceed the ionic response speed by a factor of 30 when operated in a high-speed bias regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Friedlein
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus box 425, Boulder, CO, 80309-0425, USA
| | - Mary J Donahue
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Sean E Shaheen
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus box 425, Boulder, CO, 80309-0425, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Campus box 390, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Robert R McLeod
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus box 425, Boulder, CO, 80309-0425, USA.
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Yi Z, Bettini LG, Tomasello G, Kumar P, Piseri P, Valitova I, Milani P, Soavi F, Cicoira F. Flexible conducting polymer transistors with supercapacitor function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Luca Giacomo Bettini
- CIMaINa and Department of Physics; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 16 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Gaia Tomasello
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Prajwal Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Paolo Piseri
- CIMaINa and Department of Physics; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 16 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Irina Valitova
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa and Department of Physics; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 16 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Francesca Soavi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician,”; Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3A7 Canada
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Soavi F, Bettini LG, Piseri P, Milani P, Santoro C, Atanassov P, Arbizzani C. Miniaturized supercapacitors: key materials and structures towards autonomous and sustainable devices and systems. JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2016; 326:717-725. [PMID: 27642225 PMCID: PMC4997707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) are playing a key role for the development of self-powered and self-sustaining integrated systems for different fields ranging from remote sensing, robotics and medical devices. SC miniaturization and integration into more complex systems that include energy harvesters and functional devices are valuable strategies that address system autonomy. Here, we discuss about novel SC fabrication and integration approaches. Specifically, we report about the results of interdisciplinary activities on the development of thin, flexible SCs by an additive technology based on Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition (SCBD) to be implemented into supercapacitive electrolyte gated transistors and supercapacitive microbial fuel cells. Such systems integrate at materials level the specific functions of devices, like electric switch or energy harvesting with the reversible energy storage capability. These studies might open new frontiers for the development and application of new multifunction-energy storage elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Soavi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomo Bettini
- CIMaINa and Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Piseri
- CIMaINa and Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa and Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Catia Arbizzani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Valitova I, Kumar P, Meng X, Soavi F, Santato C, Cicoira F. Photolithographically Patterned TiO2 Films for Electrolyte-Gated Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14855-14862. [PMID: 27193379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides constitute a class of materials whose properties cover the entire range from insulators to semiconductors to metals. Most metal oxides are abundant and accessible at moderate cost. Metal oxides are widely investigated as channel materials in transistors, including electrolyte-gated transistors, where the charge carrier density can be modulated by orders of magnitude upon application of relatively low electrical bias (2 V). Electrolyte gating offers the opportunity to envisage new applications in flexible and printed electronics as well as to improve our current understanding of fundamental processes in electronic materials, e.g. insulator/metal transitions. In this work, we employ photolithographically patterned TiO2 films as channels for electrolyte-gated transistors. TiO2 stands out for its biocompatibility and wide use in sensing, electrochromics, photovoltaics and photocatalysis. We fabricated TiO2 electrolyte-gated transistors using an original unconventional parylene-based patterning technique. By using a combination of electrochemical and charge carrier transport measurements we demonstrated that patterning improves the performance of electrolyte-gated TiO2 transistors with respect to their unpatterned counterparts. Patterned electrolyte-gated (EG) TiO2 transistors show threshold voltages of about 0.9 V, ON/OFF ratios as high as 1 × 10(5), and electron mobility above 1 cm(2)/(V s).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Soavi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2, Bologna 40126, Italy
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17
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Iandolo D, Ravichandran A, Liu X, Wen F, Chan JKY, Berggren M, Teoh S, Simon DT. Development and Characterization of Organic Electronic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1505-12. [PMID: 27111453 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bones have been shown to exhibit piezoelectric properties, generating electrical potential upon mechanical deformation and responding to electrical stimulation with the generation of mechanical stress. Thus, the effects of electrical stimulation on bone tissue engineering have been extensively studied. However, in bone regeneration applications, only few studies have focused on the use of electroactive 3D biodegradable scaffolds at the interphase with stem cells. Here a method is described to combine the bone regeneration capabilities of 3D-printed macroporous medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with the electrical and electrochemical capabilities of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). PCL scaffolds have been highly effective in vivo as bone regeneration grafts, and PEDOT is a leading material in the field of organic bioelectronics, due to its stability, conformability, and biocompatibility. A protocol is reported for scaffolds functionalization with PEDOT, using vapor-phase polymerization, resulting in a conformal conducting layer. Scaffolds' porosity and mechanical stability, important for in vivo bone regeneration applications, are retained. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells proliferation is assessed on the functionalized scaffolds, showing the cytocompatibility of the polymeric coating. Altogether, these results show the feasibility of the proposed approach to obtain electroactive scaffolds for electrical stimulation of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Iandolo
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
| | | | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Linköping SE‐581 83 Sweden
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 637459 Singapore
| | - Jerry K. Y. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Department of Reproductive Medicine KK Women's and Children's Hospital 229899 Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School 169857 Singapore
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
| | - Swee‐Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 637459 Singapore
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping SE‐601 74 Sweden
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