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Seo K, Hwang K, Nam KM, Kim MJ, Song YK, Kim CY. Nucleolin-Targeting AS1411 Aptamer-Conjugated Nanospheres for Targeted Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:566. [PMID: 38675227 PMCID: PMC11055028 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-operative chemotherapy is still required for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), for which nanocarrier-based drug delivery has been identified as one of the most effective methods. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and non-specific delivery to non-tumor tissues can significantly limit drug accumulation in tumor tissues and cause damage to nearby normal tissues. This study describes a targeted cancer therapy approach that uses AS1411 aptamer-conjugated nanospheres (100-300 nm in size) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) to selectively identify tumor cells overexpressing nucleolin (NCL) proteins. The study demonstrates that the active target model, which employs aptamer-mediated drug delivery, is more effective than non-specific enhanced permeability and maintenance (EPR)-mediated delivery and passive drug delivery in improving drug penetration and maintenance in tumor cells. Additionally, the study reveals the potential for anti-cancer effects through 3D spheroidal and in vivo GBM xenograft models. The DNA-protein hybrid nanospheres utilized in this study offer numerous benefits, such as efficient synthesis, structural stability, high drug loading, dye labeling, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. When combined with nanospheres, the 1411 aptamer has been shown to be an effective drug delivery carrier allowing for the precise targeting of tumors. This combination has the potential to produce anti-tumor effects in the active targeted therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongjin Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (K.H.); (K.M.N.)
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (K.H.); (K.M.N.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (K.H.); (K.M.N.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Astrogen Inc., 440, Hyeoksin-daero, Dong-gu, Daegu 41072, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon-Kyu Song
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (K.H.); (K.M.N.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Lee D, Baek S, Kim YY, Bang Y, Jung HN, Im HJ, Song YK. Self-Assembled DNA-Protein Hybrid Nanospheres: Biocompatible Nano-Drug-Carriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37493-37503. [PMID: 35969502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed hybrid nanospheres comprised of two of the most important biomolecules in nature, DNA and proteins, which have excellent biocompatibility, high drug payload capacity, in vivo imaging ability, and in vitro/in vivo cancer targeting capability. The synthesis can be done in a facile one-pot assembly system that includes three steps: step-growth polymerization of two DNA oligomers, addition of streptavidin to assemble spherical hybrid nanostructures, and functionalization of hybrid nanospheres with biotinylated aptamers. To test the feasibility of cancer targeting and drug-loading capacity of the hybrid nanospheres, MUC1-specific aptamers (MA3) were conjugated to nanosphere surfaces (apt-nanospheres), and doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded into nanospheres by DNA intercalation. The successful construction of nanospheres and apt-nanospheres was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Their uniform spherical morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluorescence spectra of nanospheres demonstrated high Dox-loading capability and slow-release characteristics. In vitro MUC1-specific binding of the apt-nanospheres was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Dox-loaded apt-nanospheres significantly increased cytotoxicity of the MUC1-positive cancer cells due to aptamer-mediated selective internalization, as shown via cell viability assays. Apt-nanospheres could also be imaged in vivo through the synthesis of hybrid nanospheres using fluorescent dye-conjugated DNA strands. Finally, in vivo specific targeting ability of apt-nanospheres was confirmed in a MUC1-positive 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model, whereas apt-nanospheres did not cause any sign of systemic toxicity in normal mice. Taken together, our self-assembled DNA-streptavidin hybrid nanospheres show promise as a biocompatible cancer targeting material for contemporary nanomedical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Seungki Baek
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Youb Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbin Bang
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 864-1 Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Jung
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyu Song
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 864-1 Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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Cong H, Ni XL, Xiao X, Huang Y, Zhu QJ, Xue SF, Tao Z, Lindoy LF, Wei G. Synthesis and separation of cucurbit[n]urils and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4335-64. [PMID: 26991738 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril chemistry has become an important part of contemporary supramolecular chemistry since cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are not only able to encapsulate various guests, but are also capable of coordinating to a wide range of metal ions, leading to the establishment of Q[n]-based host-guest chemistry and coordination chemistry. Each of these impressive developments can be attributed to the growth of protocols for obtaining Q[n]s. In this review, we survey synthetic procedures for obtaining cucurbit[n]urils and their substituted derivatives together with the separation and purification of these remarkable compounds. The coverage is aimed at both existing workers in the field as well as at those requiring an "entry" into Q[n]-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
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Li Q, Qiu SC, Zhang J, Chen K, Huang Y, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang YQ, Xue SF, Zhu QJ, Tao Z, Lindoy LF, Wei G. Twisted Cucurbit[n]urils. Org Lett 2016; 18:4020-3. [PMID: 27499014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new twisted cucurbiturils, cucurbit[13]uril (tQ[13]) and cucurbit[15]uril (tQ[15]), have been synthesized and separated, and their structures have been confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry together with the X-ray structures of two new complexes, {Dy(H2O)4Cd(H2O)4tQ[13]}·2.5[CdCl4]·65H2O and {Cd0.5(H2O)2tQ[15]}·[CdCl4]·47H2O. tQ[15] is the largest cucurbit[n]uril (Q[n]) in the Q[n] family reported to date. The X-ray diffraction studies of both complexes indicated that these large tQ[n]s effectively exhibit two different cavities-a central cavity and two side cavities. Preliminary host-guest behavior by each of the new systems was investigated by NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University , Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Yun-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing , P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
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Baek JB, Lyons CB, Tan LS. Macromolecular dumbbells: synthesis and photophysical properties of hyperbranched poly(etherketone)-b-polybenzobisthiazole-b-hyperbranched poly(etherketone) ABA triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huang WH, Zavalij PY, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[n]uril formation proceeds by step-growth cyclo-oligomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8446-54. [PMID: 18529059 DOI: 10.1021/ja8013693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the high yield formation of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) from a 1:2 ratio of glycoluril to formaldehyde, the condensation of glycoluril with less than 2 equiv of formaldehyde delivers a reaction mixture that contains glycoluril oligomers (2-6) and CB[n] compounds that lack one or more methylene bridges known as nor-seco-cucurbit[n]urils (ns-CB[n]). In this paper we report the chromatographic purification of C-shaped glycoluril oligomers (dimer-hexamer), their characterization in solution, and their X-ray crystal structures. Quite interestingly, despite being acyclic glycoluril pentamer 5 and hexamer 6 retain the ability to bind to guests typical of CB[6] but are also able to expand their cavity to accommodate larger guests like cationic adamantane derivatives. We performed product resubmission experiments with glycoluril oligomers 2-6 and found preferences for the formation of specific ring sizes during CB[n] formation. A comprehensive mechanistic scheme is proposed that accounts for the observed formation of 2-6 and ns-CB[n]. Overall, the experiments establish that a step-growth cyclo-oligomerization process operates during CB[n] formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Baek JB, Tan LS. Synthesis and Properties of Polyetherketone-block-Polybenzobisthiazole-block-Polyetherketone ABA Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 South Korea, and Nanostructured & Biological Materials Branch, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXBP, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 South Korea, and Nanostructured & Biological Materials Branch, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXBP, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750
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Sannigrahi A, Arunbabu D, Sankar RM, Jana T. Tuning the Molecular Properties of Polybenzimidazole by Copolymerization. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12124-32. [PMID: 17914796 DOI: 10.1021/jp073973v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a series of novel random polybenzimidazole (PBI) copolymers consisting of m- and p-phenylene linkages are synthesized from various stoichiometric mixtures of isophthalic acid (IPA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) with 3,3',4,4'-tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) by solution copolycondensation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA). The resulting copolymers are characterized by different techniques to obtain their molecular properties parameters. The monomer concentration in the polymerization plays an important role in controlling the molecular weight of the polymer. Surprisingly, a simple change in the dicarboxylic acid architecture from meta (IPA) to para (TPA) increases the molecular weight of the copolymers, which is maximum for the para homopolymer. The low solubility of TPA in PPA is found to be the dominating factor for obtaining the higher molecular weight polymer in the case of the para structure. FT-IR study shows that the introduction of the para structure enhances the conjugation along the polymer chain. The positive deviation of the copolymer composition from the feed ratio is due to the higher reactivity ratio of TPA than IPA, which is obtained from proton NMR studies. The incorporation of the para structure in the chain enhances the thermal stability of the polymers. The para homopolymer shows 59 degrees C lower glass transition temperature compare to the meta homopolymer indicating enhancement of the flexibility of the polymer chain due the introduction of the p-phenylene linkage in the backbone. The T(g) of the copolymers shows both positive and negative deviation from the expected T(g) calculated by the Fox equation. The enhanced conjugation of the polymer chains also influences the photophysical properties of the polymers in solution. All the PBI polymers exhibit strong fluorescence in dimethylacetamide solution. As expected, that all the polymers are amorphous in nature reveals that the copolymerization does not influence the packing characteristics of the PBI chains.
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Huang WH, Zavalij P, Isaacs L. Chiral Recognition inside a Chiral Cucurbituril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Huang WH, Zavalij PY, Isaacs L. Chiral Recognition inside a Chiral Cucurbituril. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7425-7. [PMID: 17694587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Nadeau LJ, Spain JC, Kannan R, Tan LS. Conversion of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-amino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid by a recombinant E. coli strain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:564-5. [PMID: 16432584 DOI: 10.1039/b516032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
E. coli C43(DE3)pNbzAHabA, expressing nitroreductase and mutase enzymes, converts 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-amino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd J Nadeau
- AFRL/MLQL, Tyndall AFB, 139 Barnes Dr., Building 1117, FL 32403, USA.
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Improved syntheses of poly(oxy-1,3-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) and related poly(ether–ketones) using polyphosphoric acid/P2O5 as polymerization medium. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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