1
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Riebe J, Bädorf B, Löffelsender S, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Rivas Aiello MB, Strassert CA, Grimme S, Niemeyer J. Molecular folding governs switchable singlet oxygen photoproduction in porphyrin-decorated bistable rotaxanes. Commun Chem 2024; 7:171. [PMID: 39112693 PMCID: PMC11306352 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are mechanically interlocked molecules where a ring (macrocycle) is threaded onto a linear molecule (thread). The position of the macrocycle on different stations on the thread can be controlled in response to external stimuli, making rotaxanes applicable as molecular switches. Here we show that bistable rotaxanes based on the combination of a Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer, attached to the macrocycle, and a black-hole-quencher, attached to the thread, are capable of singlet oxygen production which can be switched on/off by the addition of base/acid. However, we found that only a sufficiently long linker between both stations on the thread enabled switchability, and that the direction of switching was inversed with regard to the original design. This unexpected behavior was attributed to intramolecular folding of the rotaxanes, as indicated by extensive theoretical calculations. This evidences the importance to take into account the conformational flexibility of large molecular structures when designing functional switchable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Riebe
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bädorf
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Löffelsender
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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2
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Yang M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhao J, Bai R, Wang W, Gao W, Yu W, Jiang X, Yan X. Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked polymer wrinkles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5760. [PMID: 38982046 PMCID: PMC11233622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial wrinkles, especially those with responsive erasure/regeneration behaviors have gained extensive interest due to their potential in smart applications. However, current wrinkle modulation methods primarily rely on network rearrangement, causing bottlenecks in in situ wrinkle regeneration. Herein, we report a dually cross-linked network wherein [2]rotaxane cross-link can dissipate stress within the wrinkles through its sliding motion without disrupting the network, and quadruple H-bonding cross-link comparatively highlight the advantages of [2]rotaxane modulation. Acid stimulation dissociates quadruple H-bonding and destructs network, swiftly eliminating the wrinkles. However, the regeneration process necessitates network rearrangement, making in situ recovery unfeasible. By contrast, alkaline stimulation disrupts host-guest recognition, and subsequent intramolecular motion of [2]rotaxane dissipate energy to eliminate wrinkles gradually. The always intact network allows for the in situ recovery of surface microstructures. The responsive behaviors of quadruple H-bonding and mechanical bond are orthogonal, and their combination leads to wrinkles with multiple but accurate responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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3
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Wang C, Gao B, Fang F, Qi W, Yan G, Zhao J, Wang W, Bai R, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Yan X. A Stretchable and Tough Graphene Film Enabled by Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404481. [PMID: 38699952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of fabricating high-performance graphene films has aroused considerable attention due to their potential for practical applications. However, developing both stretchable and tough graphene films remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, we herein introduce mechanical bond to comprehensively improve the mechanical properties of graphene films, utilizing [2]rotaxane as the bridging unit. Under external force, the [2]rotaxane cross-link undergoes intramolecular motion, releasing hidden chain and increasing the interlayer slip distance between graphene nanosheets. Compared with graphene films without [2]rotaxane cross-linking, the presence of mechanical bond not only boosted the strength of graphene films (247.3 vs 74.8 MPa) but also markedly promoted the tensile strain (23.6 vs 10.2 %) and toughness (23.9 vs 4.0 MJ/m3). Notably, the achieved tensile strain sets a record high and the toughness surpasses most reported results, rendering the graphene films suitable for applications as flexible electrodes. Even when the films were stretched within a 20 % strain and repeatedly bent vertically, the light-emitting diodes maintained an on-state with little changes in brightness. Additionally, the film electrodes effectively actuated mechanical joints, enabling uninterrupted grasping movements. Therefore, the study holds promise for expanding the application of graphene films and simultaneously inspiring the development of other high-performance two-dimensional films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Boyue Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ge Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Qin J, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang N, Xu W, Cheng L, Yu W, Yan X, Gao L, Zheng B, Wu B. Anion-Coordination Foldamer-Based Polymer Network: from Molecular Spring to Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400989. [PMID: 38623921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Foldamer is a scaled-down version of coil spring, which can absorb and release energy by conformational change. Here, polymer networks with high density of molecular springs were developed by employing anion-coordination-based foldamers as the monomer. The coiling of the foldamer is controlled by oligo(urea) ligands coordinating to chloride ions; subsequently, the folding and unfolding of foldamer conformations endow the polymer network with excellent energy dissipation and toughness. The mechanical performance of the corresponding polymer networks shows a dramatic increase from P-L2UCl (non-folding), to P-L4UCl (a full turn), and then to P-L6UCl (1.5 turns), in terms of strength (2.62 MPa; 14.26 MPa; 22.93 MPa), elongation at break (70 %; 325 %; 352 %), Young's modulus (2.69 MPa; 63.61 MPa; 141.50 MPa), and toughness (1.12 MJ/m3; 21.39 MJ/m3; 49.62 MJ/m3), respectively, which is also better than those without anion centers and the non-foldamer based counterparts. Moreover, P-L6UCl shows enhanced strength and toughness than most of the molecular-spring based polymer networks. Thus, an effective strategy for designing high-performance anion-coordination-based materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, P. R. China
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5
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Gisbert Y, Fellert M, Stindt CN, Gerstner A, Feringa BL. Molecular Motors' Magic Methyl and Its Pivotal Influence on Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12609-12619. [PMID: 38656891 PMCID: PMC11082891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors have found a wide range of applications, powering a transition from molecules to dynamic molecular systems for which their motion must be precisely tuned. To achieve this adjustment, strategies involving laborious changes in their design are often used. Herein, we show that control over a single methyl group allows a drastic change in rotational properties. In this regard, we present the straightforward asymmetric synthesis of β-methylated first-generation overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Both enantiomers of the new motors were prepared in good yields and high enantiopurities, and these motors were thoroughly studied by variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, showing a crucial influence of the methylation pattern on the rotational behavior of the motors. Starting from a common chiral precursor, we demonstrate that subsequent methylation can drastically reduce the speed of the motor and reverse the direction of the rotation. We show for the first time that complete unidirectionality can be achieved even when the energy difference between the stable and metastable states is small, resulting in the coexistence of both states under ambient conditions without hampering the energy ratcheting process. This discovery opens the way for the design of more advanced first-generation motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gerstner
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
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6
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Liao S, Tang J, Ma C, Yu L, Tan Y, Li X, Gan Q. Foldaxane-Based Switchable [c2]Daisy Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315668. [PMID: 38346927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular muscles are highly attractive in the field of molecular machinery due to their unique properties of contraction and stretching motion. However, the synthesis of molecular muscles poses formidable challenges as it is hindered by undesirable yields and poor selectivity. Herein, we present a procedure for the dynamic assembly of foldaxane-based [c2]daisy chains, wherein the hermaphroditic sequences consisting of aromatic helices and peptide rods are interlocked through inter-strand hydrogen-bonding interactions. The binding complementarity facilitates a selective and efficient assembly of [c2]daisy chain structures, inhibiting the creation of by-products. Introducing multiple recognition sites confers the system with contraction and stretching motion actuated by chemical stimuli. The rate of this muscle-like motion is calculated to be 0.8 s-1, which is 107 times faster than that of complex dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmiao Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanzhu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medical, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yan X. Mechanically Interlocked Polymers with Dense Mechanical Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:992-1006. [PMID: 38417011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) such as polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes are polymer architectures that incorporate mechanical bonds, which represent a compelling frontier in polymer science. MIPs with cross-linked structures are known as mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) and are widely utilized in materials science. Leveraging the motion of mechanical bonds, MINs hold the potential for achieving a combination of robustness and dynamicity. Currently, the reported MINs predominantly consist of networks with discrete mechanical bonds as cross-linking points, exemplified by well-known slide-ring materials and rotaxane/catenane cross-linked polymers. The motion of these mechanically interlocked cross-linking points facilitates the redistribution of tension throughout the network, effectively preventing stress concentration and thereby enhancing material toughness. In these instances, the impact of mechanical bonds can be likened to the adage "small things can make a big difference", whereby a limited number of mechanical bonds substantially elevate the mechanical performance of conventional polymers. In addition to MINs cross-linked by mechanical bonds, there is another type of MIN in which their principal parts are polymer chains composed of dense mechanical bonds. Within these MINs, mechanical bonds generally serve as repeating units, and their unique properties stem from integrating and amplifying the function of a large amount of mechanical bonds. Consequently, MINs with dense mechanical bonds tend to reflect the intrinsic properties of mechanical interlocked polymers, making their exploration critical for a comprehensive understanding of MIPs. Nevertheless, investigations into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds remain relatively scarce.This Account presents a comprehensive overview of our investigation and insights into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds. First, we delve into the synthetic strategies employed to effectively prepare MINs with dense mechanical bonds, while critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. Through meticulous control of the core interlocking step, three distinct strategies have emerged: mechanical interlocking followed by polymerization, supramolecular polymerization followed by mechanical interlocking, and dynamic interlocking. Furthermore, we underscore the structure-property relationships of MINs with dense mechanical bonds. The macroscopic properties of MINs originate from integrating and amplifying countless microscopic motions of mechanical bonds, a phenomenon we define as an integration and amplification mechanism. Our investigation has revealed detailed motion characteristics of mechanical bonds in bulk mechanically interlocked materials, encompassing the quantification of motion activation energy, discrimination of varying motion distances, and elucidation of the recovery process. Additionally, we have elucidated their influence on the mechanical performance of the respective materials. Moreover, we have explored potential applications of MINs, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties and dynamicity. These applications include enhancing the toughness of conventional polymers, engineering mechanically adaptive and multifunctional aerogels, and mitigating Li protrusion as interfacial layers in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, we offer our personal perspectives on the promises, opportunities, and key challenges in the future development of MINs with dense mechanical bonds, underscoring the potential for transformative advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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8
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. BP23C7: high-yield synthesis and application in constructing [3]rotaxanes and responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1871-1884. [PMID: 38349013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02094k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) is synthesized in 86% yield from commercially available starting materials. BP23C7 forms pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+), exhibiting a good association constant value (ka = 1 × 103 M-1). Subsequently, fluorophoric properties of BP23C7 and anthracene terminated axles are blended to create responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of BP23C7 due to the addition of fluoride and chloride anions to pseudo[2]rotaxane systems has been investigated. Concomitant fluorescence quenching of the anthracene moiety of corresponding axles due to ion-pair formation has been addressed. Furthermore, two variants of [23]crown ethers, i.e. BP23C7 and o-xylene-23-crown-7 ether (X23C7), are applied for constructing homo[3]rotaxane architectures. A half-axle comprising of DBA+ moiety and a terminal olefin is mixed separately with two [23]crown ethers and subjected to self-metathesis using Grubbs' first-generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
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9
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Zhou SW, Zhou D, Gu R, Ma CS, Yu C, Qu DH. Mechanically interlocked [c2]daisy chain backbone enabling advanced shape-memory polymeric materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1690. [PMID: 38402228 PMCID: PMC10894290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of mechanically interlocked structures into polymer backbones has been shown to confer remarkable functionalities to materials. In this work, a [c2]daisy chain unit based on dibenzo-24-crown-8 is covalently embedded into the backbone of a polymer network, resulting in a synthetic material possessing remarkable shape-memory properties under thermal control. By decoupling the molecular structure into three control groups, we demonstrate the essential role of the [c2]daisy chain crosslinks in driving the shape memory function. The mechanically interlocked topology is found to be an essential element for the increase of glass transition temperature and consequent gain of shape memory function. The supramolecular host-guest interactions within the [c2]daisy chain topology not only ensure robust mechanical strength and good network stability of the polymer, but also impart the shape memory polymer with remarkable shape recovery properties and fatigue resistance ability. The incorporation of the [c2]daisy chain unit as a building block has the potential to lay the groundwork for the development of a wide range of shape-memory polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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10
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Yue X, Zhao J, Fang M, Liu J, Chen Y, Dong Y, Yan X, Liang Z. Mechanically Interlocked Interphase with Energy Dissipation and Fast Li-Ion Transport for High-Capacity Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401711. [PMID: 38381000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) on Li metal anodes (LMAs) is a potential strategy for addressing the dendrite issues. However, the mechanical fatigue of the ASEI caused by stress accumulation under the repeated deformation from the Li plating/stripping is not taken seriously. Herein, this work introduces a mechanically interlocked [an]daisy chain network (DC MIN) into the ASEI to stabilize the Li metal/ASEI interface by combining the functions of energy dissipation and fast Li-ion transport. The DC MIN featured by large-range molecular motions is cross-linked via efficient thiol-ene click chemistry; thus, the DC MIN has flexibility and excellent mechanical properties. As an ASEI, the crown ether units in DC MIN not only interact with the dialkylammonium of a flexible chain, forming the energy dissipation behavior but also coordinate with Li ion to support the fast Li-ion transport in DC MIN. Therefore, a stable 2800 h-symmetrical cycling (1 mA cm-2 ) and an excellent 5 C-rate (full cell with LiFePO4 ) performance are achieved by DC MIN-based ASEI. Furthermore, the 1-Ah pouch cell (LiNi0.88 Co0.09 Mn0.03 O2 cathode) with DC MIN-coated LMA exhibits improved capacity retention (88%) relative to the Control. The molecular design of DC MIN provides new insights into the optimization of an ASEI for high-energy LMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jijiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongteng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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11
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Shi B, Jiang J, An H, Qi L, Wei TB, Qu WJ, Lin Q. Clamparene: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Application in Spontaneous Formation of 3D Porous Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2901-2906. [PMID: 38271666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes have emerged as pivotal scaffolds in supramolecular chemistry. Despite their significant contributions to molecular recognition and diverse applications, challenges persist in the development of macrocyclic arene-based crystalline materials, particularly in achieving porosity and addressing limitations in adsorption efficiency resulting from the small cavity sizes of existing macrocyclic arenes. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of a novel macrocyclic arene, clamparene (CLP), featuring a rigid backbone, easy synthesis, and a sizable cavity. CLP self-assembles into one-dimensional sub-nanotubes that further organize into a three-dimensional porous framework in the solid state. The crystalline solid of CLP exhibits potential as a porous crystalline adsorbent for various benzene-based contaminants with rapid adsorption kinetics, large uptake amounts, and good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
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12
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Liu G, Tian C, Fan X, Dang Y, Qin J, Liu L, Cao Z, Jiang S. Dual-Stimulus-Driven Dynamically Controllable [3]Rotaxane with Tunable Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38019050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A dual-stimulus-driven stiff-stilbene-based dynamic [3]rotaxane has been facilely developed using the threading-stoppering strategy and exhibits reversible shuttling motions and bidirectional rotations upon encountering acid-base and distinct light stimulations, respectively. Herein, the two dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycles can undergo reversible switching motion between two different stations along the axle suffered from acid-base stimulation, and simultaneously, the two rotaxanes can also perform cis-trans rotations upon irradiation with distinct light. In other words, the constructed rotaxanes can conduct two modes of regular motions without interference. Interestingly, reciprocating switching motion of the rings along the axle enabled the rotaxanes to exhibit controllable and reversible photoisomerization speed, conversion yield, and quantum yield. Crucially, these rotaxanes also manifest adjustable solid-state organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and photoluminescence stimulated by dual factors (acid-base and diverse light), which are further applied in information encryption and anticounterfeiting. The presented study provides an instructive way for precisely boosting photoisomerization performances and the fabrication of dual-stimuli-induced molecular machines with functions of two-mode mechanical motions and controllable pure organic RTP switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Changming Tian
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Dang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jieqiong Qin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Cao
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Wei W. Water-soluble organic macrocycles based on dye chromophores and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13562-13570. [PMID: 37901908 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional water-soluble organic macrocyclic receptors generally lack photofunctionality, thus monitoring the drug delivery and the phototheranostic applications of these host-guest macrocyclic systems has been greatly restricted. To address this issue, incorporating π-conjugated dye chromophores as building blocks into macrocyclic molecules is a straightforward and promising strategy. This approach not only imparts intrinsic optical features to the macrocycles themselves but also enhances the host-guest binding ability due to the large planar structures of the dyes. In this feature article, we focus on recent advances in water-soluble macrocyclic compounds based on organic dye chromophores, such as naphthalimide (NDI), perylene diimides (PDI), azobenzene (azo), tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and anthracene, and provide an overview of their various applications including molecular recognition, drug release, biological imaging, photothermal therapy, etc. We hope that this article could be helpful and instructive for the design of water-soluble dye-based macrocycles and the further development of their biomedical applications, particularly in combination with drug therapy and phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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14
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Moulin E, Carmona-Vargas CC, Giuseppone N. Daisy chain architectures: from discrete molecular entities to polymer materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7333-7358. [PMID: 37850236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Daisy chain architectures, made by the self-complementary threading of an axle covalently linked to a macrocycle, represent a particularly intriguing family of supramolecular and mechanically interlocked (macro)molecules. In this review, we discuss their recent history, their modular chemical structures, and the various synthetic strategies to access them. We also detail how their internal sliding motions can be controlled and how their integration within polymers can amplify that motions up to the macroscopic scale. This overview of the literature demonstrates that the peculiar structure and dynamics of daisy chains have already strongly influenced the research on artificial molecular machines, with the potential to be implemented from nanometric switchable devices to mechanically active soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian C Carmona-Vargas
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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15
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Gauthier M, Fournel-Marotte K, Clavel C, Waelès P, Laurent P, Coutrot F. An Interlocked Figure-of-Eight Molecular Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310643. [PMID: 37594476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Here is reported the synthesis and characterization of an interlocked figure-of-eight rotaxane molecular shuttle from a dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) derivative. This latter bears two molecular chains, whose extremities are able to react together by click chemistry. One of the two substituting chain holds an ammonium function aimed at driving the self-entanglement through the complexation of the DB24C8 moiety. In the targeted figure-of-eight rotaxane, shuttling of the DB24C8 along the threaded axle from the best ammonium station to the weaker binding site triazolium was performed through deprotonation or deprotonation-then-carbamoylation of the ammonium. This way, two discrete co-conformational states were obtained, in which the folding and size of the two loops could be changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Fournel-Marotte
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Laurent
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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16
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Djemili R, Adrouche S, Durot S, Heitz V. Allosterically Driven Assembly of a Multisite Cage-Based [2]Semirotaxane. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14760-14766. [PMID: 37812736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of a [2]semirotaxane from a half-dumbbell endowed with a pyrazine coordination site and a bis-Zn(II) porphyrin cage as a multisite ring is reported. The threading is allosterically driven by the coordination of silver(I) ions to the multiple binding sites of the cage linkers, as shown by NMR studies. Addition of chloride ions destabilizes [2]semirotaxane, leading to its disassembly into its cage and half-dumbbell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Djemili
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonia Adrouche
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles. Chemistry 2023:e202302114. [PMID: 37725407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
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18
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Georgiev NI, Bakov VV, Bojinov VB. A Tutorial Review on the Fluorescent Probes as a Molecular Logic Circuit-Digital Comparator. Molecules 2023; 28:6327. [PMID: 37687156 PMCID: PMC10489932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress in the field of fluorescent probes and fluorescent sensing material extended this research area toward more complex molecular logic gates capable of carrying out a variety of sensing functions simultaneously. These molecules are able to calculate a composite result in which the analysis is not performed by a man but by the molecular device itself. Since the first report by de Silva of AND molecular logic gate, all possible logic gates have been achieved at the molecular level, and currently, utilization of more complicated molecular logic circuits is a major task in this field. Comparison between two digits is the simplest logic operation, which could be realized with the simplest logic circuit. That is why the right understanding of the applied principles during the implementation of molecular digital comparators could play a critical role in obtaining logic circuits that are more complicated. Herein, all possible ways for the construction of comparators on the molecular level were discussed, and recent achievements connected with these devices were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I. Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ventsislav V. Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vladimir B. Bojinov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria
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19
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Chau AKH, Leung FKC. Exploration of molecular machines in supramolecular soft robotic systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102892. [PMID: 37084547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotic system, a new era of material science, is rapidly developing with advanced processing technology in soft matters, featured with biomimetic nature. An important bottom-up approach is through the implementation of molecular machines into polymeric materials, however, the synchronized molecular motions, acumination of strain across multiple length-scales, and amplification into macroscopic actuations remained highly challenging. This review presents the significances, key design strategies, and outlook of the hierarchical supramolecular systems of molecular machines to develop novel types of supramolecular-based soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kwok-Hei Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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20
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Li Y, Li N, Li G, Qiao Y, Zhang M, Zhang L, Guo QH, He G. The Green Box: Selenoviologen-Based Tetracationic Cyclophane for Electrochromism, Host-Guest Interactions, and Visible-Light Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9118-9128. [PMID: 37015020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel selenoviologen-based tetracationic cyclophanes (green boxes 3 and 5) with rigid electron-deficient cavities are synthesized via SN2 reactions in two steps. The green boxes exhibit good redox properties, narrow energy gaps, and strong absorption in the visible range (370-470 nm), especially for the green box 5 containing two selenoviologen (SeV2+) units. Meanwhile, the femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) reveals that the green boxes have a stabilized dicationic biradical, high efficiency of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and long-lived charge separation state due to the formation of cyclophane structure. Based on the excellent photophysical and redox properties, the green boxes are applied to electrochromic devices (ECDs) and visible-light-driven hydrogen production with a high H2 generation rate (34 μmol/h), turnover number (203), and apparent quantum yield (5.33 × 10-2). In addition, the host-guest recognitions are demonstrated between the green boxes and electron-rich guests (e.g., G1:1-naphthol and G2:platinum(II)-tethered naphthalene) in MeCN through C-H···π and π···π interactions. As a one-component system, the host-guest complexes of green box⊃G2 are successfully applied to visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production due to the intramolecular electron transfer (IET) between platinum(II) of G2 and SeV2+ of the green box, which provides a simplified system for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Naiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710126, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
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21
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Saura‐Sanmartin A, Schalley CA. The Mobility of Homomeric Lasso‐ and Daisy Chain‐Like Rotaxanes in Solution and in the Gas Phase as a means to Study Structure and Switching Behaviour. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Calle Campus Universitario, 5 30100 Murcia Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
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22
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Khang TM, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Weng CC, Wu CH, Wu JI, Hue BTB, Li YK, Lin HC. Dual and Sequential Locked/Unlocked Photochromic Effects on FRET Controlled Singlet Oxygen Processes by Contracted/Extended Forms of Diarylethene-Based [1]Rotaxane Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205597. [PMID: 36504441 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Manipulations of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generations by the integration of both aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizer and photochromic moieties have diversified features in photodynamic therapy applications. Through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pathway to induce red PL emissions (at 595 nm) for 1 O2 productions, [1]rotaxane containing photosensitive tetraphenylethylene (TPE) donor and photochromic diarylethene (DAE) acceptor is introduced to achieve dual and sequential locked/unlocked photoswitching effects by pH-controlled shuttling of its contracted/extended forms. Interestingly, the UV-enabled DAE ring closure speeds follow the reversed trend of DAE self-constraint degree as: contracted < extended < noninterlocked forms in [1]rotaxane analogues, thus FRET processes can be adjusted in contracted/extended forms of [1]rotaxane upon UV irradiations. Accordingly, the contracted form of [1]rotaxane is FRET-OFF locked and inert to UV exposure due to the larger bending conformation of DAE parallel (p-)conformer, compared with its extended and noninterlocked analogues possessing switchable FRET-OFF/ON behaviors activated by dual and sequential pH- and photoswitching. Owing to the advantages of 1 O2 productions tuned by multistimuli inputs (pH, UV, and blue light), an useful logic circuit for toxicity outputs of the surface modified [1]rotaxane nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated to offer promising 1 O2 productions and managements based on mechanically interlocked molecules for future bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Manh Khang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ching Weng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
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23
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Kim S, Park IH, Ju H, Lee Y, Kim JR, Jung JH, Lee SS, Lee E. Solvent-Dependent Self-Assembly of a Pillar[5]arene-Based Poly-Pseudo-Rotaxane Linked and Threaded by Silver(I) Trifluoroacetate: A Double Role. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2058-2064. [PMID: 36662552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the supramolecule area, the fabrication of a new concept called polyrotaxanes or poly-pseudo-rotaxanes remains challenging. We herein report the formation of a poly-pseudo-rotaxane in which the same salt-type guest serves both linking and threading in the resulting structure. The combination of A1/A2-thiopyridyl pillar[5]arene (L) and silver(I) trifluoroacetate in CHCl3/CH3OH afforded a one-dimensional (1D) poly-pseudo-rotaxane. In this structure, to our surprise, the AgCF3CO2 guest not only links the di-armed L ligands via an infinite -L-Ag-L-Ag- arrangement but also threads into a pillar[5]arene cavity in a dimer form, (AgCF3CO2)2. In contrast, the same reaction in CH2Cl2/CH3OH yielded a simple 1D coordination polymer because an included CH2Cl2 molecule in the pillar[5]arene cavity prevents the threading of the silver(I) trifluoroacetate guest. Comparative 1H- and 19F-NMR studies support the solvent-dependent poly-pseudo-rotaxane formation at a lower concentration of L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Huiyeong Ju
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Western Seoul Center, 150, Bugahyeon-ro, Seoul 03759, South Korea
| | - Yelim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Joon Rae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
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24
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Jing Y, Su F, Yu X, Fang H, Wan Y. Advances in artificial muscles: A brief literature and patent review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1083857. [PMID: 36741767 PMCID: PMC9893653 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1083857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Artificial muscles are an active research area now. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the development of artificial muscles based on research papers and patents. A detailed overview of artificial muscles' scientific and technological innovation was presented from aspects of productive countries/regions, institutions, journals, researchers, highly cited papers, and emerging topics. Results: 1,743 papers and 1,925 patents were identified after retrieval in Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Derwent Innovations Index (DII). The results show that China, the United States, and Japan are leading in the scientific and technological innovation of artificial muscles. The University of Wollongong has the most publications and Spinks is the most productive author in artificial muscle research. Smart Materials and Structures is the journal most productive in this field. Materials science, mechanical and automation, and robotics are the three fields related to artificial muscles most. Types of artificial muscles like pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) and dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) are maturing. Shape memory alloy (SMA), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other novel materials have shown promising applications in this field. Conclusion: Along with the development of new materials and processes, researchers are paying more attention to the performance improvement and cost reduction of artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jing
- Periodicals Agency, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yuan Jing,
| | - Fangfang Su
- School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Periodicals Agency, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Wan
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Zhang Z, You W, Li P, Zhao J, Guo Z, Xu T, Chen J, Yu W, Yan X. Insights into the Correlation of Microscopic Motions of [ c2]Daisy Chains with Macroscopic Mechanical Performance for Mechanically Interlocked Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:567-578. [PMID: 36562646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking filament sliding in sarcomeres using artificial molecular muscles such as [c2]daisy chains has aroused increasing interest in developing advanced polymeric materials. Although few bistable [c2]daisy chain-based mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) with stimuli-responsive behaviors have been constructed, it remains a significant challenge to establish the relationship between microscopic responsiveness of [c2]daisy chains and macroscopic mechanical properties of the corresponding MIPs. Herein, we report two mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) consisting of dense [c2]daisy chains with individual extension (MIN-1) or contraction (MIN-2) conformations decoupled from a bistable precursor, which serve as model systems to address the challenge. Upon external force, the extended [c2]daisy chains in MIN-1 mainly undergo elastic deformation, which is able to assure the strength, elasticity, and creep resistance of the corresponding material. For the contracted [c2]daisy chains, long-range sliding motion occurs along with the release of latent alkyl chains between the two DB24C8 wheels, and accumulating lots of such microscopic motions endows MIN-2 with enhanced ductility and ability of energy dissipation. Therefore, by decoupling a bistable [c2]daisy chain into individual extended and contracted ones, we directly correlate the microscopic motion of [c2]daisy chains with macroscopic mechanical properties of MINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Peitong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhewen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Tingjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jieqi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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26
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Khang TM, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Wu CH, Hue BTB, Wu JI, Li YK, Lin HC. Dual and sequential locked/unlocked photo-switching effects on FRET processes by tightened/loosened nano-loops of diarylethene-based [1]rotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:466-469. [PMID: 36519452 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-trapping nano-loop structures of [1]rotaxanes exhibited multiple Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) patterns via dual and sequential locking/unlocking of pH-gated and UV exposure processes. As a tightened and constrained nano-loop in the acidic condition, dithienylethene (DTE) unit was locked in the highly bending open form to forbid ring closure upon UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Manh Khang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. .,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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27
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Takahashi K, Nakamura T, Akutagawa T. Dynamic supramolecular cations in conductive and magnetic [Ni(dmit)2] crystals. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Nicolas-Garcia T, Pastor A, Quiñonero D, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Control of the assembly of a cyclic hetero[4]pseudorotaxane from a self-complementary [2]rotaxane. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4143-4151. [PMID: 37063802 PMCID: PMC10094293 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-association of a ditopic [2]rotaxane with two macrocycles mainly leads to a [4]pseudorotaxane which can be reversibly disassembled by adding competitive binders, varying the solvent polarity and changing a binding site affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Tomas Nicolas-Garcia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - David Quiñonero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5 E-07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
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29
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Yin J, Birman VB. Phenazine-Based Oligomers as Redox-Responsive Molecular Actuators. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15744-15753. [PMID: 36354745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized butterfly-coil foldamers containing alternating phenazine-1,6-dicarboxamide and 2,5-dialkoxyterephthalamide moieties have been demonstrated to undergo extension-contraction in response to changing their oxidation state. Both the chemical (catalytic hydrogenation/aerial oxidation) and electrochemical versions of this process have been shown to be clean and fully reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yin
- Washington University Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Vladimir B Birman
- Washington University Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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30
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Yin J, Birman VB. Phenazine-Based Molecular Actuators: The Second Generation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8759-8763. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yin
- Washington University Department of Chemistry,
Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Vladimir B. Birman
- Washington University Department of Chemistry,
Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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31
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Yang X, Cheng L, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Bai R, Guo Z, Yu W, Yan X. Amplification of integrated microscopic motions of high-density [2]rotaxanes in mechanically interlocked networks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6654. [PMID: 36333320 PMCID: PMC9636211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating individual microscopic motion to perform tasks in macroscopic sale is common in living organisms. However, developing artificial materials in which molecular-level motions could be amplified to behave macroscopically is still challenging. Herein, we present a class of mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) carrying densely rotaxanated backbones as a model system to understand macroscopic mechanical properties stemmed from the integration and amplification of intramolecular motion of the embedded [2]rotaxane motifs. On the one hand, the motion of mechanical bonds introduces the original dangling chains into the network, and the synergy of numerous such microscopic motions leads to an expansion of entire network, imparting good stretchability and puncture resistance to the MINs. On the other hand, the dissociation of host-guest recognition and subsequent sliding motion represent a peculiar energy dissipation pathway, whose integration and amplification result in the bulk materials with favorable toughness and damping capacity. Thereinto, we develop a continuous stress-relaxation method to elucidate the microscopic motion of [2]rotaxane units, which contributes to the understanding of the relationship between cumulative microscopic motions and amplified macroscopic mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhewen Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
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32
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Wu Z, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Shi H, Jiao S. Solvent effects on the motion of a crown ether/amino rotaxane. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30495-30500. [PMID: 36337980 PMCID: PMC9597606 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvents have been recognized as a significant factor for modulating the shuttle of rotaxanes and regulating their functions regarding molecular machines by a lot of published studies. The mechanism of the effects of solvents on the motion of crown ether/amino rotaxanes, however, remains unclear. In this work, a rotaxane, formed by dibenzo-24-crown-8 (C[8]) and a dumbbell-shaped axle with two positively charged amino groups, was investigated at the atom level. Two-dimensional free-energy landscapes characterizing the conformational change of C[8] and the shuttling motions in chloroform and water were mapped. The results indicated that the barriers in water were evidently lower than those in chloroform. By analyzing the trajectories, there was no obvious steric effect during shuttling. Instead, the main driving force of shuttling was verified from electrostatic interactions, especially strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the axle and water, which resulted in the fast shuttling rate of the rotaxane. All in all, the polarity and hydrogen bond-forming ability of solvents are the main factors in affecting the shuttling rate of a crown ether/amino rotaxane. In addition, C[8] would adopt S-shaped conformations during shuttling except for situating in the amino sites with C-shaped ones adopted due to π-π stacking interactions. The results of this research improve the comprehension of the solvent modulation ability for shuttling in crown ether-based rotaxanes and illustrate the effects of structural modifications on motions. These new insights are expected to serve the efficient design and construction of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Yanzhen Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Haixin Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Shufei Jiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535011 China
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33
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Benny R, Sahoo D, George A, De S. Recent Advances in Fuel-Driven Molecular Switches and Machines. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200128. [PMID: 36071446 PMCID: PMC9452441 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular switches and machines arena has entered a new phase in which molecular machines operate under out-of-equilibrium conditions using appropriate fuel. Unlike the equilibrium version, the dissipative off-equilibrium machines necessitate only one stimulus input to complete each cycle and decrease chemical waste. Such a modus operandi would set significant steps towards mimicking the natural machines and may offer a platform for advancing new applications by providing temporal control. This review summarises the recent progress and blueprint of autonomous fuel-driven off-equilibrium molecular switches and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Diptiprava Sahoo
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Ajith George
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
| | - Soumen De
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM)Thiruvananthapuram695551India
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34
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Wu P, Dharmadhikari B, Patra P, Xiong X. Rotaxane nanomachines in future molecular electronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3418-3461. [PMID: 36134345 PMCID: PMC9400518 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the electronics industry is integrating more and more new molecules to utilize them in logic circuits and memories to achieve ultra-high efficiency and device density, many organic structures emerged as promising candidates either in conjunction with or as an alternative to conventional semiconducting materials such as but not limited to silicon. Owing to rotaxane's mechanically interlocked molecular structure consisting of a dumbbell-shaped molecule threaded through a macrocycle, they could be excellent nanomachines in molecular switches and memory applications. As a nanomachine, the macrocycle of rotaxane can move reversibly between two stations along its axis under external stimuli, resulting in two stable molecular configurations known as "ON" and "OFF" states of the controllable switch with distinct resistance. There are excellent reports on rotaxane's structure, properties, and function relationship and its application to molecular electronics (Ogino, et al., 1984; Wu, et al., 1991; Bissell, et al., 1994; Collier, et al., 1999; Pease, et al., 2001; Chen, et al., 2003; Green, et al., 2007; Jia, et al., 2016). This comprehensive review summarizes [2]rotaxane and its application to molecular electronics. This review sorts the major research work into a multi-level pyramid structure and presents the challenges of [2]rotaxane's application to molecular electronics at three levels in developing molecular circuits and systems. First, we investigate [2]rotaxane's electrical characteristics with different driving methods and discuss the design considerations and roles based on voltage-driven [2]rotaxane switches that promise the best performance and compatibility with existing solid-state circuits. Second, we examine the solutions for integrating [2]rotaxane molecules into circuits and the limitations learned from these devices keep [2]rotaxane active as a molecular switch. Finally, applying a sandwiched crossbar structure and architecture to [2]rotaxane circuits reduces the fabrication difficulty and extends the possibility of reprogrammable [2]rotaxane arrays, especially at a system level, which eventually promotes the further realization of [2]rotaxane circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiao Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Bridgeport Bridgeport CT USA
| | - Bhushan Dharmadhikari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Technology, Minnesota State University Mankato MN USA
| | - Prabir Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bridgeport Bridgeport CT USA
| | - Xingguo Xiong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, University of Bridgeport Bridgeport CT USA
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35
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Chen L, Sheng X, Li G, Huang F. Mechanically interlocked polymers based on rotaxanes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7046-7065. [PMID: 35852571 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) has continued to encourage researchers to design and construct a variety of high-performance materials. Introducing mechanically interlocked structures into polymers has led to novel polymeric materials, called mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs). Rotaxane-based MIPs are an important class, where the mechanically interlocked characteristic retains a high degree of structural freedom and mobility of their components, such as the rotation and sliding motions of rotaxane units. Therefore, these MIP materials are known to possess a unique set of properties, including mechanical robustness, adaptability and responsiveness, which endow them with potential applications in many emerging fields, such as protective materials, intelligent actuators, and mechanisorption. In this review, we outline the synthetic strategies, structure-property relationships, and application explorations of various polyrotaxanes, including linear polyrotaxanes, polyrotaxane networks, and rotaxane dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xinru Sheng
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China. .,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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36
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Investigating the synthesis and structure of [2]pseudorotaxanes assembled by crown ether as wheel component and dual-cation axle with phosphonium and ammonium cations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Gao C, Vargas Jentzsch A, Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Light-Driven Molecular Whirligig. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9845-9852. [PMID: 35605252 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A unidirectional light-driven rotary motor was looped in a figure-of-eight molecule by linking two polymer chains between its stator and rotor parts. By properly tuning the size of these linkers, clockwise rotation of the motor under UV light was shown to create conformationally strained twists between the polymer chains, and in this tensed conformation, the energy stored in the molecular object was sufficient to trigger the reverse rotation of the motor back to its fully relaxed state. The functioning principle of this motorized molecular device appears very similar to that of macroscopic whirligig crafts used by children for fun. In addition, we found that in its out-of-equilibrium tensed state, the fluorescence emission of the molecular motor increased by 500% due to the mechanical constraints imposed by the polymer chains on its conjugated core. Finally, by calculating the apparent thermal energies of activation for the backward rotations at different levels of twisting, we quantitatively determined a lower estimate of the work generated by this rotary motor, from which a torque and a force were extracted, thus answering a long-term open question in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Krajnc M, Niemeyer J. BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:508-523. [PMID: 35601990 PMCID: PMC9086503 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview we present the use of the axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). We describe the synthesis and properties of such BINOL-based chiral MIMs, together with their use in further diastereoselective modifications, their application in asymmetric catalysis, and their use in stereoselective chemosensing. Given the growing importance of mechanically interlocked molecules and the key advantages of the privileged chiral BINOL backbone, we believe that this research area will continue to grow and deliver many useful applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krajnc
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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40
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Geng JS, Mei L, Liang YY, Yuan LY, Yu JP, Hu KQ, Yuan LH, Feng W, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Controllable photomechanical bending of metal-organic rotaxane crystals facilitated by regioselective confined-space photodimerization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2030. [PMID: 35440111 PMCID: PMC9019062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular machines based on mechanically-interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as (pseudo) rotaxanes or catenates are known for their molecular-level dynamics, but promoting macro-mechanical response of these molecular machines or related materials is still challenging. Herein, by employing macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based pseudorotaxane with a pair of styrene-derived photoactive guest molecules as linking structs of uranyl node, we describe a metal-organic rotaxane compound, U-CB[8]-MPyVB, that is capable of delivering controllable macroscopic mechanical responses. Under light irradiation, the ladder-shape structural unit of metal-organic rotaxane chain in U-CB[8]-MPyVB undergoes a regioselective solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization, and facilitates a photo-triggered single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, which even induces macroscopic photomechanical bending of individual rod-like bulk crystals. The fabrication of rotaxane-based crystalline materials with both photoresponsive microscopic and macroscopic dynamic behaviors in solid state can be promising photoactuator devices, and will have implications in emerging fields such as optomechanical microdevices and smart microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shan Geng
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Both biological and artificial membrane transporters mediate passive transmembrane ion flux predominantly via either channel or carrier mechanisms, tightly regulating the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. One early elegant example unclassifiable as carriers or channels was reported by Smith who derivatized a phospholipid molecule into an anion transporter, facilitating membrane transport via a two-station relay mechanism (Smith et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17274-17275). Our journey toward blurring or even breaking the boundaries defined by the carrier and channel mechanisms starts in January of 2018 when seeing a child swinging on the swing at the playground park. Since then, I have been wondering whether we could build a nanoscale-sized molecular swing able to perform the swing function at the molecular level to induce transmembrane ion flux. Such research journey culminates in several membrane-active artificial molecular machines, including molecular swings, ion fishers, ion swimmers, rotors, tetrapuses and dodecapuses that permeabilize the membrane via swinging, ion-fishing, swimming, rotating, or swing-relaying actions, respectively. Except for molecular ion swimmers, these unconventional membrane transporters in their most stable states readily span across the entire membrane in a way akin to channels. With built-in flexible arms that can swing or bend in the dynamic membrane environment, they transport ions via constantly changing ion permeation pathways that are more defined than carriers but less defined than channels. Applying the same benzo-crown ether groups as the sole ion-binding and -transporting units, these transporters however differ immensely in ion transport property. While the maximal K+ transport activity is achieved by the molecular swing also termed "motional channel" that displays an EC50 value of 0.021 mol % relative to lipid and transports K+ ions at rate 27% faster than gramicidin A, the highest K+/Na+ selectivity of 18.3 is attained by the molecular ion fisher, with the highest Na+/K+ selectivity of 13.7 by the molecular dodecapus. Having EC50 values of 0.49-1.60 mol % and K+/Na+ values of 1.1-6.3, molecular rotors and tetrapuses are found to be generally active but weakly to moderately K+-selective. For molecular ion swimmers that contain 10 to 14 carbon atom alkyl linkers, they all turn out to be highly active (EC50 = 0.18-0.41 mol %) and highly selective (RK+/RNa+ = 7.0-9.5) transporters. Of special note are crown ether-appended molecular dodecapuses that establish the C60-fullerene core as an excellent platform to allow for a direct translation of solution binding affinity to transmembrane ion transport selectivity, providing a de novo basis for rationally designing artificial ion transporters with high transport selectivity. Considering remarkable cytotoxic activities displayed by molecular swings and ion swimmers, the varied types of existing and emerging unconventional membrane transporters with enhanced activities and selectivities eventually might lead to medical benefits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Changliang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huaqiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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42
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Zhang K, Gao YH, Zhong WS, Cao H, Yue K, Wang L, Wang H. Ca 2+ accelerates peptide fibrillogenesis via a heterogeneous secondary nucleation pathway. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3899-3906. [PMID: 35212699 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A binding-induced fibrillogenesis (BIF) peptide mimics the fibrillogenesis of fibronectin, forming fibrous networks for disease theranostics. However, the mechanism of fast fibrillogenesis of the BIF peptide remains unclear. In this study, the fibrillogenesis processes of the BIF peptide in the absence and presence of receptors, i.e. Ca2+, are carefully studied. The BIF peptide, lauric acid-FFVLK-HSDVHK (LAFH) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) in solution and further transform into a fibrous structure, the fibrillogenesis of which could be accelerated by the addition of Ca2+. In detail, the fibrillogenesis of LAFH NPs without Ca2+ is achieved through a nucleation-elongation mechanism, in which homogeneous secondary nucleation is involved, followed by detachment of the newly formed fibers from pre-formed nanofibers (NFs). The fibrillogenesis of LAFH NPs in the presence of Ca2+ starts with an Ostwald ripening process, followed by a heterogeneous secondary nucleation, in which LAFH NPs bind to pre-formed LAFH NFs via Ca2+. The phenomenon of heterogeneous secondary nucleation including the attachment and shape change of LAFH NPs on pre-formed LAFH NFs is first revealed by TEM observation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the fast BIF process, supporting the mechanism study at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Wei-Shen Zhong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
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43
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Ferrocene-Containing Pseudorotaxanes in Crystals: Aromatic Interactions with Hammett Correlation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051745. [PMID: 35268846 PMCID: PMC8911870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of pseudorotaxanes, [(FcCH2NH2CH2Ar)(DB24C8)][PF6] (DB24C8 = dibenzo[24]crown-8, Fc = Fe(C5H4)(C5H5), Ar = -C6H3-3,4-Cl2, -C6H3-3,4-F2, -C6H4-4-F, -C6H4-4-Cl, -C6H4-4-Br, -C6H3-3-F-4-Me, -C6H4-4-I) and [(FcCH2NH2CH2C6H4-4-Me)(DB24C8)][Ni(dmit)2] (dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-dithiolate), were obtained from solutions containing DB24C8 and ferrocenylmethyl(arylmethyl)ammonium. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the pseudorotaxanes revealed that the aryl ring of the axle moiety and the catechol ring of the macrocyclic component were at close centroid distances and parallel or tilted orientation. The structures with parallel aromatic rings showed correlation of the distances between the centroids to Hammett substituent constants of the aryl groups.
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Wang JY, Mei L, Huang ZW, Chi XW, Geng JS, Hu KQ, Yu JP, Jiao CS, Zhang M, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Coordination-Adaptive Polydentate Pseudorotaxane Ligand for Capturing Multiple Uranyl Species. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3058-3071. [PMID: 35130695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The propensity of uranyl for hydrolysis in aqueous environments prevents precise control of uranyl species in the scenarios of on-demand separation and tailored synthesis. Herein, using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) as the macrocyclic molecule and 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide (DPO) as the string molecule, we propose a new kind of multidentate pseudorotaxane ligand, DPO@CB[7] for capturing uranyl species at different pH's. With the aprotic nature of DPO for metal coordination, the coordination ability of the DPO@CB[7] ligand is less affected by pH and can work in a wide range of pH's. Furthermore, by adaptive uranyl coordination, this aprotic pseudorotaxane ligand achieves effective recognition for different uranyl species ranging from monomeric to tetrameric originating from hydrolysis at varying pH's, and four novel uranyl-rotaxane compounds (URC1-4) are successfully obtained. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the DPO@CB[7] ligand coordinates with uranyl centers from monomeric to tetrameric in four different modes, as a result of structural flexibility of the DPO@CB[7] pseudorotaxane ligand. A detailed discussion for conformation flexibility of the DPO@CB[7] ligand has been conducted on the position changes of the DPO ligand trapped in the CB[7], which thus reveals good adaptivity of DPO@CB[7] that is noncovalently bonded as a supramolecular motif. In addition, characterization of the physicochemical properties of URC1 and URC2 with high phase purity, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and luminescence properties, are also provided. This work provides a good case of an adaptive pseudorotaxane ligand for the recognition and capture of different uranyl species and will bring valuable hints to the design of multifunctional supramolecular ligands for actinide separation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yang Wang
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.,Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiao-Wang Chi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Shan Geng
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai-Shan Jiao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yao B, Sun H, Yang L, Wang S, Liu X. Recent Progress in Light-Driven Molecular Shuttles. Front Chem 2022; 9:832735. [PMID: 35186899 PMCID: PMC8847434 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.832735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular shuttles are typical molecular machines that could be applied in various fields. The motion modes of wheel components in rotaxanes could be strategically modulated by external stimuli, such as pH, ions, solvent, light, and so on. Light is particularly attractive because it is harmless and can be operated in a remote mode and usually no byproducts are formed. Over the past decade, many examples of light-driven molecular shuttles are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent research progress of light-driven molecular shuttles. First, the light-driven mechanisms of molecular motions with different functional groups are discussed in detail, which show how to drive photoresponsive or non-photoresponsive molecular shuttles. Subsequently, the practical applications of molecular shuttles in different fields, such as optical information storage, catalysis for organic reactions, drug delivery, and so on, are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of light-driven molecular shuttle is briefly prospected.
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46
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Ionic covalent organic framework based electrolyte for fast-response ultra-low voltage electrochemical actuators. Nat Commun 2022; 13:390. [PMID: 35046389 PMCID: PMC8770580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically activated soft actuators with large deformability are important for soft robotics but enhancing durability and efficiency of electrochemical actuators is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the actuation performance of an ionic two-dimensional covalent-organic framework based electrochemical actuator is improved through the ordered pore structure of opening up efficient ion transport routes. Specifically, the actuator shows a large peak to peak displacement (9.3 mm, ±0.5 V, 1 Hz), a fast-response time to reach equilibrium-bending (~1 s), a correspondingly high bending strain difference (0.38%), a broad response frequency (0.1–20 Hz) and excellent durability (>99%) after 23,000 cycles. The present study ascertains the functionality of soft electrolyte as bionic artificial actuators while providing ideas for expanding the limits in applications for robots. Electrically activated soft actuators with large deformability are important for soft robotics but enhancing durability and efficiency of electrochemical actuators is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate that the actuation performance of an ionic two-dimensional covalent-organic framework based electrochemical actuator is improved through the ordered pore structure of opening up efficient ion transport routes
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47
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Li D, Han Y, Jiang Y, Jiang G, Sun H, Sun Z, Zhang QW, Tian Y. Achieving Adjustable Multifunction Based on Host-Guest Interaction-Manipulated Reversible Molecular Conformational Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1807-1816. [PMID: 34955010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that are capable of toggling between multiple and definite conformational states under external stimuli have great potential for use in molecular switches or sensors. However, currently developed regulation approaches for these switchable molecules mostly involve covalent bond-breaking/reforming processes, thereby inevitably producing byproducts or causing fatigue accumulation. Herein, we report a simple but successful model whose molecular conformation can be precisely manipulated between stretched and folded forms by employing host-guest interactions with rigid macrocycles, thus avoiding possible side reactions and fatigue accumulation and possessing excellent reversibility. Moreover, the conformation states of this molecule can be visualized and identified by luminous readout, endowing it with real-time self-reporting features. Furthermore, this controllable and reversible conformational conversion is accompanied by various valuable functions, including controllable multicolor emission; ratiometric fluorescent thermosensing with high temperature resolution, excellent reversibility, lock/unlock switching, and especially linear detection range tunability; and in addition real-time intracellular temperature sensing and imaging, disclosing the intriguing microscopic "conformation-function" relationship based on a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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48
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David AHG, García–Cerezo P, Campaña AG, Santoyo–González F, Blanco V. Vinyl sulfonyl chemistry-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a [2]rotaxane. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pH- and chemically-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a [2]rotaxane based on the vinyl sulfonyl groups is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. G. David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo García–Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo–González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
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49
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Ju H, Kim S, Jung JH, Lee SS. A series of entangled MOFs constructed from flexible dipyridyl piperazine and rigid dicarboxylate: interpenetration, self-penetration, and polycatenation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing a flexible dipyridyl piperazine and a rigid linear dicarboxylate, four MOFs with different entangled structures involving a 3D inclined polycatenane and a 3D self-penetrated framework incorporating cyclic [3]catenane were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyeong Ju
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
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50
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Nazarova A, Padnya P, Cragg PJ, Stoikov I. [1]Rotaxanes based on phosphorylated pillar[5]arenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[1]Rotaxanes based on monosubstituted phosphorus-containing pillar[5]arenes have been synthesized by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction for the first time in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Nazarova
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Peter J. Cragg
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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