1
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Marr ZY, Thapa Magar R, Fournier B, Benedict JB, Rack JJ. Photocrystallography of [Ru(bpy) 2(dmso) 2] 2+ reveals an O-bonded metastable state. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7279-7284. [PMID: 37416725 PMCID: PMC10321476 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first instance of observing the phototriggered isomerization of dmso ligands on a bis sulfoxide complex, [Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2], in the crystalline solid state. The solid-state UV-vis spectrum of the crystal demonstrates an increase in optical density around 550 nm after irradiation, which is consistent with the solution isomerization results. Digital images of the crystal before and after irradiation display a notable color change (pale orange to red) and cleavage occurs along planes, (1̄01) and (100), during irradiation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data also confirms that isomerization is occurring throughout the lattice and a structure that contains a mix of the S,S and O,O/S,O isomer was attained from a crystal irradiated ex situ. In situ irradiation XRD studies reveal that the percentage of the O-bonded isomer increases as a function of 405 nm exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Y Marr
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131-001 USA
| | - Bertrand Fournier
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay 91400 Orsay France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Laboratoire SPMS 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jason B Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131-001 USA
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2
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Steinke SJ, Piechota EJ, Loftus LM, Turro C. Acetonitrile Ligand Photosubstitution in Ru(II) Complexes Directly from the 3MLCT State. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20177-20182. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Eric J. Piechota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Lauren M. Loftus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
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3
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Mizushima T, Oka M, Imada Y, Iida H. Low‐Voltage‐Driven Electrochemical Aerobic Oxygenation with Flavin Catalysis: Chemoselective Synthesis of Sulfoxides from Sulfides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Mizushima
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Marina Oka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokushima University Minamijosanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue Shimane 690-8504 Japan
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4
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Steinke SJ, Gupta S, Piechota EJ, Moore CE, Kodanko JJ, Turro C. Photocytotoxicity and photoinduced phosphine ligand exchange in a Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1933-1945. [PMID: 35308843 PMCID: PMC8848995 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new tris-heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes with triphenylphosphine (PPh3) coordination, cis-[Ru(phen)2(PPh3)(CH3CN)]2+ (1a, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and cis-[Ru(biq)(phen)(PPh3)(CH3CN)]2+ (2a, biq = 2,2'-biquinoline), were synthesized and characterized for photochemotherapeutic applications. Upon absorption of visible light, 1a exchanges a CH3CN ligand for a solvent water molecule. Surprisingly, the steady-state irradiation of 2a followed by electronic absorption and NMR spectroscopies reveals the photosubstitution of the PPh3 ligand. Phosphine photoinduced ligand exchange with visible light from a Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex has not previously been reported, and calculations reveal that it results from a trans-type influence in the excited state. Complexes 1a and 2a are not toxic against the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in the dark, but upon irradiation with blue light, the activity of both complexes increases by factors of >4.2 and 5.8, respectively. Experiments with PPh3 alone show that the phototoxicity observed for 2a does not arise from the released phosphine ligand, indicating the role of the photochemically generated ruthenium aqua complex on the biological activity. These complexes represent a new design motif for the selective release of PPh3 and CH3CN for use in photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States
| | - Sayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 United States
| | - Eric J Piechota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States
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5
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Thapa Magar R, Breen DJ, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Rack JJ. Slow 3MLCT Formation Prior to Isomerization in Ruthenium Carbene Sulfoxide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16120-16127. [PMID: 34672621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of photochromic complexes with general formulas of [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-SR)]2+ and [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-S(O)R)]2+ were prepared and investigated by X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy {where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and NHC-SR and NHC-S(O)R are chelating thioether (-SR) and chelating sulfoxide [-S(O)R] N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands}. The only differences between these complexes are the nature of the R group on the sulfur (Me vs Ph), the identity of the carbene (imidazole vs benzimidazole), and the number of linker atoms in the chelate (CH2 vs C2H4). A total of 13 structures are presented {four [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-SR)]2+ complexes, four [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-S(O)R)]2+ complexes, and five uncomplexed ligands}, and these reveal the expected coordination geometry as predicted from other spectroscopy data. The data do not provide insight into the photochemical reactivity of these compounds. These carbene ligands do impart stability with respect to ground state and excited state ligand substitution reactions. Bulk photolysis reveals that these complexes undergo efficient S → O isomerization, with quantum yields ranging from 0.24 to 0.87. The excited state reaction occurs with a time constant ranging from 570 ps to 1.9 ns. Electrochemical studies reveal an electron transfer-triggered isomerization, and voltammograms are consistent with an ECEC (electrochemical-chemical electrochemical-chemical) reaction mechanism. The carbene facilitates an unusually slow S → O isomerization and an unusally fast O → S isomerization. Temperature studies reveal a small and negative entropy of activation for the O → S isomerization, suggesting an associative transition state in which the sulfoxide simply slides along the S-O bond during isomerization. Ultrafast studies provide evidence of an active role of the carbene in the excited state dynamics of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
| | - Douglas J Breen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Knight Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Knight Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
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6
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Lanquist AP, Gupta S, Al-Afyouni KF, Al-Afyouni M, Kodanko JJ, Turro C. Trifluoromethyl substitution enhances photoinduced activity against breast cancer cells but reduces ligand exchange in Ru(ii) complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12056-12067. [PMID: 34667571 PMCID: PMC8457392 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of five ruthenium complexes containing triphenyl phosphine groups known to enhance both cellular penetration and photoinduced ligand exchange, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(P(p-R-Ph)3)(CH3CN)]2+, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and P(p-R-Ph)3 represent para-substituted triphenylphosphine ligands with R = -OCH3 (1), -CH3 (2) -H (3), -F (4), and -CF3 (5), were synthesized and characterized. The photolysis of 1-5 in water with visible light (λ irr ≥ 395 nm) results in the substitution of the coordinated acetonitrile with a solvent molecule, generating the corresponding aqua complex as the single photoproduct. A 3-fold variation in quantum yield was measured with 400 nm irradiation, Φ 400, where 1 is the most efficient with a Φ 400 = 0.076(2), and 5 the least photoactive complex, with Φ 400 = 0.026(2). This trend is unexpected based on the red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption of 1 as compared to that of 5, but can be correlated to the substituent Hammett para parameters and pK a values of the ancillary phosphine ligands. Complexes 1-5 are not toxic towards the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in the dark, but 3 and 5 are >4.2 and >19-fold more cytotoxic upon irradiation with blue light, respectively. A number of experiments point to apoptosis, and not to necrosis or necroptosis, as the mechanism of cell death by 5 upon irradiation. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the role of phosphine ligands on photoinduced ligand substitution and show the enhancement afforded by -CF3 groups on photochemotherapy, which will aid the future design of photocages for photochemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Lanquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 USA
| | - Kathlyn F Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Malik Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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7
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Xu Z, Malik AU, Shu M, Cui Y. Instant Photochromism Caused by Radical Formation in Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of Dihydrothiazole Derivative
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Abaid Ullah Malik
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mouhai Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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8
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Biasin E, Nascimento DR, Poulter BI, Abraham B, Kunnus K, Garcia-Esparza AT, Nowak SH, Kroll T, Schoenlein RW, Alonso-Mori R, Khalil M, Govind N, Sokaras D. Revealing the bonding of solvated Ru complexes with valence-to-core resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3713-3725. [PMID: 34163645 PMCID: PMC8179428 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ru-complexes are widely studied because of their use in biological applications and photoconversion technologies. We reveal novel insights into the chemical bonding of a series of Ru(ii)- and Ru(iii)-complexes by leveraging recent advances in high-energy-resolution tender X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. We perform Ru 2p4d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the valence excitations in dilute solvated Ru-complexes. Combining these experiments with a newly developed theoretical approach based on time-dependent density functional theory, we assign the spectral features and quantify the metal-ligand bonding interactions. The valence-to-core RIXS features uniquely identify the metal-centered and charge transfer states and allow extracting the ligand-field splitting for all the complexes. The combined experimental and theoretical approach described here is shown to reliably characterize the ground and excited valence states of Ru complexes, and serve as a basis for future investigations of ruthenium, or other 4d metals active sites, in biological and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Daniel R Nascimento
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Benjamin I Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Baxter Abraham
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | | | - Stanislaw H Nowak
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | | | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
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9
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Vittardi SB, Thapa Magar R, Breen DJ, Rack JJ. A Future Perspective on Phototriggered Isomerizations of Transition Metal Sulfoxides and Related Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:526-537. [PMID: 33400512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules are examples of light-activated bistable molecules. We highlight the design criteria for a class of ruthenium and osmium sulfoxide complexes that undergo phototriggered isomerization of the bound sulfoxide. The mode of action in these complexes is an excited-state isomerization of the sulfoxide from S-bonded to O-bonded. We discuss the basic mechanism for this transformation and highlight specific examples that demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the isomerization. We subsequently discuss future research directions within the field of phototriggered sulfoxide isomerizations on transition metal polypyridine complexes. These efforts involve new synthetic directions, including the choice of metal as well as new ambidentate ligands for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Vittardi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Douglas J Breen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
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10
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Yoshino J, Hirono Y, Akahane R, Higuchi H, Hayashi N. Effects of π-conjugation on the solid-state photoresponsive coloring behavior of bipyridine-boronium complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1517-1521. [PMID: 33047774 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state photoinduced coloring of boronium complexes consisting of 9-borabicyclononane and 2,2'-bipyridine with π-conjugated substituents at the 4,4'- or 5,5'-positions was investigated. The substitution position affected the highest occupied molecular orbital distribution and determined the coloring capability. The 4,4'-substituted complexes exhibited coloration upon irradiation, whereas most of the 5,5'-substituted complexes did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junro Yoshino
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hirono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Akahane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Higuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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11
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Structural distortion and electron redistribution in dual-emitting gold nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2897. [PMID: 32518297 PMCID: PMC7283347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the complicated excited-state process is critical for the development of luminescent materials with controllable emissions in different applications. Here we report the emergence of a photo-induced structural distortion accompanied by an electron redistribution in a series of gold nanoclusters. Such unexpected slow process of excited-state transformation results in near-infrared dual emission with extended photoluminescent lifetime. We demonstrate that this dual emission exhibits highly sensitive and ratiometric response to solvent polarity, viscosity, temperature and pressure. Thus, a versatile luminescent nano-sensor for multiple environmental parameters is developed based on this strategy. Furthermore, we fully unravel the atomic-scale structural origin of this unexpected excited-state transformation, and demonstrate control over the transition dynamics by tailoring the bi-tetrahedral core structures of gold nanoclusters. Overall, this work provides a substantial advance in the excited-state physical chemistry of luminescent nanoclusters and a general strategy for the rational design of next-generation nano-probes, sensors and switches.
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12
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Livshits MY, Wang L, Vittardi SB, Ruetzel S, King A, Brixner T, Rack JJ. An excited state dynamics driven reaction: wavelength-dependent photoisomerization quantum yields in [Ru(bpy) 2(dmso) 2] 2. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5797-5807. [PMID: 34094082 PMCID: PMC8159332 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the excited-state behavior of a structurally simple bis-sulfoxide complex, cis-S,S-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+, as investigated by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. The results reveal that a single photon prompts phototriggered isomerization of one or both dmso ligands to yield a mixture of cis-S,O-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+ and cis-O,O-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+. The quantum yields of isomerization of each product and relative product distribution are dependent upon the excitation wavelength, with longer wavelengths favoring the double isomerization product, cis-O,O-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+. Transient absorption measurements on cis-O,O-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+ do not reveal an excited-state isomerization pathway to produce either the S,O or S,S isomers. Femtosecond pulse shaping experiments reveal no change in the product distribution. Pump-repump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy of cis-S,S-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+ shows that a pump-repump time delay of 3 ps dramatically alters the S,O : O,O product ratio; pump-repump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy of cis-O,O-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+ with a time delay of 3 ps uncovers an excited-state isomerization pathway to produce the S,O isomer. In conjunction with low-temperature steady-state emission spectroscopy, these results are interpreted in the context of an excited-state bifurcating pathway, in which the isomerization product distribution is determined not by thermodynamics, but rather as a dynamics driven reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Sebastian B Vittardi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Albert King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
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13
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Marchenko N, Lacroix PG, Bukhanko V, Tassé M, Duhayon C, Boggio-Pasqua M, Malfant I. Multistep Photochemical Reactions of Polypyridine-Based Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes in Dimethylsulfoxide. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092205. [PMID: 32397237 PMCID: PMC7248738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The photorelease of nitric oxide (NO·) has been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on two compounds of formula [Ru(R-tpy)(bpy)(NO)](PF6)3, in which bpy stands for 2,2′-bipyridine and R-tpy for the 4′-R-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine with R = H and MeOPh. It is observed that both complexes are extremely sensitive to traces of water, leading to an equilibrium between [Ru(NO)] and [Ru(NO2)]. The photoproducts of formula [Ru(R-tpy)(bpy)(DMSO)](PF6)2 are further subjected to a photoreaction leading to a reversible linkage isomerization between the stable Ru-DMSO(S) (sulfur linked) and the metastable Ru-DMSO(O) (oxygen linked) species. A set of 4 [Ru(R-tpy)(bpy)(DMSO)]2+ complexes (R = H, MeOPh, BrPh, NO2Ph) is investigated to characterize the ratio and mechanism of the isomerization which is tentatively related to the difference in absorbance between the Ru-DMSO(S) and Ru-DMSO(O) forms. In addition, the X-ray crystal structures of [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(NO)](PF6)3 and [Ru(MeOPh-tpy)(bpy)(DMSO(S))](PF6)2 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Marchenko
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Pascal G. Lacroix
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (M.B.-P.); (I.M.); Tel.: +33-561333188 (L.P.G.)
| | - Valerii Bukhanko
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Marine Tassé
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse), UMR 5626, 218 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (M.B.-P.); (I.M.); Tel.: +33-561333188 (L.P.G.)
| | - Isabelle Malfant
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France; (N.M.); (V.B.); (M.T.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (M.B.-P.); (I.M.); Tel.: +33-561333188 (L.P.G.)
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14
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Segalovich-Gerendash G, Rozenberg I, Alassad N, Nechmad NB, Goldberg I, Kozuch S, Lemcoff NG. Imposing Latency in Ruthenium Sulfoxide-Chelated Benzylidenes: Expanding Opportunities for Thermal and Photoactivation in Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Nebal Alassad
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Noy B. Nechmad
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Israel Goldberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sebastian Kozuch
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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15
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Fredin LA, Wallenstein J, Sundin E, Jarenmark M, Barbosa de Mattos DF, Persson P, Abrahamsson M. Excited State Dynamics of Bistridentate and Trisbidentate Ru II Complexes of Quinoline-Pyrazole Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16354-16363. [PMID: 31800221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(Q3PzH)3]2+, [Ru(Q1Pz)3]2+, and [Ru(DQPz)2]2+, based on the quinoline-pyrazole ligands, Q3PzH (8-(3-pyrazole)-quinoline), Q1Pz (8-(1-pyrazole)-quinoline), and DQPz (bis(quinolinyl)-1,3-pyrazole), have been spectroscopically and theoretically investigated. Spectral component analysis, transient absorption spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and ligand exchange reactions with different chlorination agents reveal that the excited state dynamics for Ru(II) complexes with these biheteroaromatic ligands differ significantly from that of traditional polypyridyl complexes. Despite the high energy and low reorganization energy of the excited state, nonradiative decay dominates even at liquid nitrogen temperatures, where triplet metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer emission quantum yields range from 0.7 to 3.8%, and microsecond excited state lifetimes are observed. In contrast to traditional polypyridyl complexes where ligand exchange is facilitated by expansion of the metal-ligand bonds to stabilize a metal-centered state, photoinduced ligand exchange occurs in the bidentate complexes despite no substantial MC state population, while the tridentate complex is extremely photostable despite an activated decay route, highlighting the versatile photochemistry of nonpolypyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fredin
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Center , Lund University , Box 124, SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Joachim Wallenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Elin Sundin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Martin Jarenmark
- Department of Geology , Lund University , Solvegatan 12 , SE-22362 , Lund , Sweden
| | - Deise F Barbosa de Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Center , Lund University , Box 124, SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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16
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Fredin LA, Persson P. Influence of Triplet Surface Properties on Excited-State Deactivation of Expanded Cage Bis(tridentate)Ruthenium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5293-5299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Fredin
- Chemistry Department, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Chemistry Department, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Hirahara M, Goto H, Yamamoto R, Yagi M, Umemura Y. Photoisomerization and thermal isomerization of ruthenium aqua complexes with chloro-substituted asymmetric bidentate ligands. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2002-2010. [PMID: 35516112 PMCID: PMC9059708 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ruthenium complexes with chloro-substituted bidentate ligands, proximal-[Ru(tpy)(Cl-pyqu)L] n+ [n = 1 for L = Cl, and n = 2 for L = OH2, tpy = 2,2';6',2''-terpyridine, pyqu = 2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoline] were synthesized and their reversible photoisomerizations and thermal isomerizations were investigated experimentally. The crystal structures of the complexes indicated that introduction of a chloro substituent at the 4- or 4'-position of the pyqu ligand did not change the structure around the metal center from that of the non-substituted complex, proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pyqu)L] n+. In contrast, the 6'-substituted complexes had sterically hindered environments around the metal center. The ruthenium aqua complexes showed reversible photoisomerization between the proximal and distal isomers. The quantum yield for photoisomerization of the 6'-substituted ruthenium aqua complex was almost twice as large as those of the other derivatives. This is explained by weakening of the ligand field on the ruthenium center by introduction of a chloro substituent at the 6'-position. Thermal back isomerization from the distal isomer to the proximal one was observed for the 6'-substituted complex, but such reactions were not observed for the other derivatives. The steric hindrance in the 6'-substituted aqua complex enhanced both thermal isomerization and photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Rei Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi-2 Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Yasushi Umemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
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18
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Wang L, Pyle JR, Cimatu KA, Chen J. Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectra of Photoexcited YOYO-1 molecules call for additional investigations of their fluorescence quenching mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018; 367:411-419. [PMID: 30410276 PMCID: PMC6217845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we observed that YOYO-1 immobilized on a glass surface is much brighter when dried (quantum yield 16±4% in the ambient air) or in hexane than in water (quantum yield ~%).YOYO-1 is a typical cyanine dye that has a photo-isomerization reaction upon light illumination. In order to understand this quenching mechanism, we use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to measure YOYO-1's electron dynamics after excitation directly. By deconvoluting the hot-ground-state absorption and the stimulated emission, the dynamics of electronic relaxation and balance are revealed. The results support the intermolecular charge transfer mechanism better than the intramolecular relaxation mechanism that has been widely believed before. We believe that the first step of the relaxation involves a Dexter charge transfer between the photo-excited YOYO-1 molecule and another guest molecule that is directly bound to the YOYO-1 giving two radicals with opposite signs of charges. The charges are recombined either directly between these two molecules, or both molecules start to rotate and separate from each other. Eventually, the two charges recombined non-radiatively via various pathways. These pathways are reflected on the complicated multi-exponential decay curves of YOYO-1 fluorescence lifetime measurements. This charge transfer mechanism suggests that (1) electrical insulation may help improve the quantum yield of YOYO-1 in polar solutions significantly and (2) a steric hindrance for the intramolecular rotation may have a less significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Joseph R. Pyle
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Katherine A. Cimatu
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Jixin Chen
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
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19
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Kosgei GK, Breen DJ, Lamb RW, Livshits MY, Crandall LA, Ziegler CJ, Webster CE, Rack JJ. Controlling Photoisomerization Reactivity Through Single Functional Group Substitutions in Ruthenium Phosphine Sulfoxide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9819-9822. [PMID: 30048128 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the crystallography, emission spectra, femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, and density functional theory computations for a series of ruthenium complexes that comprise a new class of chelating triphenylphosphine based ligands with an appended sulfoxide moiety. These ligands differ only in the presence of the para-substitutent (e.g., H, OCH3, CF3). The results show a dramatic range in photoisomerization reactivity that is ascribed to differences in the electron density of the phosphine ligand donated to the ruthenium and the nature of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert K Kosgei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Douglas J Breen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Robert W Lamb
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Box 9573, Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Laura A Crandall
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Box 9573, Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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20
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Loftus LM, Al‐Afyouni KF, Turro C. New Ru
II
Scaffold for Photoinduced Ligand Release with Red Light in the Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Window. Chemistry 2018; 24:11550-11553. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Loftus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Kathlyn F. Al‐Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
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21
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Bratsos I, Alessio E. The Pivotal Role of Ru-dmso Compounds in the Discovery of Well-Behaved Precursors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bratsos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN); Department of Physical Chemistry; NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”; Aghia Paraskevi Attikis 153 10 Athens Greece
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Trieste; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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22
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Transient metal-centered states mediate isomerization of a photochromic ruthenium-sulfoxide complex. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1989. [PMID: 29777157 PMCID: PMC5959936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast isomerization reactions underpin many processes in (bio)chemical systems and molecular materials. Understanding the coupled evolution of atomic and molecular structure during isomerization is paramount for control and rational design in molecular science. Here we report transient X-ray absorption studies of the photo-induced linkage isomerization of a Ru-based photochromic molecule. X-ray spectra reveal the spin and valence charge of the Ru atom and provide experimental evidence that metal-centered excited states mediate isomerization. Complementary X-ray spectra of the functional ligand S atoms probe the nuclear structural rearrangements, highlighting the formation of two metal-centered states with different metal-ligand bonding. These results address an essential open question regarding the relative roles of transient charge-transfer and metal-centered states in mediating photoisomerization. Global temporal and spectral data analysis combined with time-dependent density functional theory reveals a complex mechanism for photoisomerization with atomic details of the transient molecular and electronic structure not accessible by other means. An essential open question in functional transition metal complexes is the relative roles of charge-transfer and metal-centered excited states. Here the authors identify the important role of metal-centered excited states in the linkage photoisomerization of a photochromic Ru-sulfoxide complex.
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23
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Choi CM, MacAleese L, Dugourd P, Choi MC, Chirot F. Photo-induced linkage isomerization in the gas phase probed by tandem ion mobility and laser spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12223-12228. [PMID: 29687123 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes involving sulfoxide ligands can undergo linkage isomerization upon light absorption, accompanied by dramatic changes in their optical properties. These remarkable photochromic properties are sensitive to the nature of the ligand as well as to that of the solvent. We used tandem ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry to gain direct experimental insight into the isomerization pathways connecting the different linkage isomers of an isolated ruthenium complex with two dimethyl-sulfoxide ligands. We find that the isomerization behavior of the solvent-free complex differs from that previously reported in the solution-phase, which is in line with recent theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Choi
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Research Group, Div. of Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Scholz MS, Bull JN, Carrascosa E, Adamson BD, Kosgei GK, Rack JJ, Bieske EJ. Linkage Photoisomerization of an Isolated Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complex: Sequential versus Concerted Rearrangement. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5701-5706. [PMID: 29663799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium sulfoxide complexes undergo thermally reversible linkage isomerization of sulfoxide ligands from S- to O-bound in response to light. Here, we report photoisomerization action spectra for a ruthenium bis-sulfoxide molecular photoswitch, [Ru(bpy)2(bpSO)]2+, providing the first direct evidence for photoisomerization of a transition metal complex in the gas phase. The linkage isomers are separated and isolated in a tandem drift tube ion mobility spectrometer and exposed to tunable laser radiation provoking photoisomerization. Direct switching of the S,S-isomer to the O,O-isomer following absorption of a single photon is the predominant isomerization pathway in the gas phase, unlike in solution, where stepwise isomerization is observed with each sulfoxide ligand switching in turn. The change in isomerization dynamics is attributed to rapid vibrational quenching that suppresses isomerization in solution. Supporting electronic structure calculations predict the wavelengths and intensities of the peaks in the photoisomerization action spectra of the S,S- and S,O-isomers, indicating that they correspond to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-centered ππ* transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Scholz
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Brian D Adamson
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Gilbert K Kosgei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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25
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Malik AU, Zhou XL, Li LL, Bao XL, Shu MH. Photochromic complexes based on enantiomeric 2-(4-pyridyl)-4, 5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acids. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Whittemore TJ, White TA, Turro C. New Ligand Design Provides Delocalization and Promotes Strong Absorption throughout the Visible Region in a Ru(II) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:229-234. [PMID: 29260869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The new Ru(II)-anthraquinone complex [Ru(bpy)2(qdpq)](PF6)2 (Ru-qdpq; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; qdpq = 2,3-di(2-pyridyl)naphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-quinone) possesses a strong 1MLCT Ru → qdpq absorption with a maximum at 546 nm that tails into the near-IR and is significantly red-shifted relative to that of the related complex [Ru(bpy)2(qdppz)](PF6)2 (Ru-qdppz; qdppz = naphtho[2,3-a]dipyrido[3,2-h:2',3'-f]phenazine-5,18-dione), with λmax = 450 nm. Ru-qdppz possesses electronically isolated proximal and distal qdppz-based excited states; the former is initially generated and decays to the latter, which repopulates the ground state with τ = 362 ps. In contrast, excitation of Ru-qdpq results in the population of a relatively long-lived (τ = 19 ns) Ru(dπ) → qdpq(π*) 3MLCT excited state where the promoted electron is delocalized throughout the qdpq ligand. Ultrafast spectroscopy, used together with steady-state absorption, electrochemistry, and DFT calculations, indicates that the unique coordination modes of the qdpq and qdppz ligands impart substantially different electronic communication throughout the quinone-containing ligand, affecting the excited state and electron transfer properties of these molecules. These observations create a pathway to synthesize complexes with red-shifted absorptions that possess long-lived, redox-active excited states that are useful for various applications, including solar energy conversion and photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Whittemore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Travis A White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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27
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Jang HJ, Hopkins SL, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Frontier orbitals of photosubstitutionally active ruthenium complexes: an experimental study of the spectator ligands' electronic properties influence on photoreactivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9969-9980. [PMID: 28726891 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of [Ru(tpy)(R2bpy)(L)](X)n complexes (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, R2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), or 4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (tfmbpy), X = Cl- or PF6-, and n = 1 or 2) are described. The dmbpy and tfmbpy bidentate ligands allow for investigating the effects of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ligands, respectively, on the frontier orbital energetics as well as the photoreactivity of these ruthenium polypyridyl complexes for five prototypical monodentate ligands L = Cl-, H2O, CH3CN, 2-(methylthio)ethanol (Hmte), or pyridine. According to spectroscopic and electrochemical studies, the dmbpy analogues displayed a singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) transition at higher energy than the tfmbpy analogues. The shift of the 1MLCT to higher energy results from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for the dmbpy analogues being tpy-based, whereas for the tfmbpy analogues orbital inversion occurs resulting in a tfmbpy-based LUMO. The energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) was considerably affected by the nature of the monodentate ligand. Visible light irradiation of the complexes demonstrated that the tfmbpy analogue increased the rate and quantum yields of photosubstitution reactions, compared to the dmbpy analogue, suggesting that the electron-withdrawing substituents allowed better thermal accessibility of the triplet metal-centered (3MC) state from the photochemically generated triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state. A correlation between the photolability of the monodentate ligands and the electrochemical reversibility of the metal-based oxidation is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Jang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Li H, Zhang L, Zheng L, Li X, Fan X, Zhao Y. Photoisomerization Mechanism of Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complexes: Role of the Metal-Centered Excited State in the Bond Rupture and Bond Construction Processes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14285-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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29
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Abstract
To celebrate 2015 as the 'International Year of Light', this article offers a short survey of the progress made since the award of the Nobel Prize of 1999 to Professor Ahmed Zewail for his pioneering work on taking the timescale for observation of light-induced events down to the femtosecond level. Developments have included the extension of studies (i) to larger molecules, leading up to biological systems; (ii) the increased range of detection methods of transient species from the UV-Vis to the infrared region; (iii) the introduction of Raman spectroscopy to augment IR studies; (iv) examination of combination events to supplement dissociation events; (v) the interrogation of transient structures by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; (vi) the study of reactions taking place at solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence J. Kemp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- University of Warwick. Cardiff High School, Watford Grammar School and Jesus College Oxford
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30
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Thapaliya ER, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Tuning the Activation Wavelength of Photochromic Oxazines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1852-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
- Grup de Materials Orgànics; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup O'Enginyeria Molecular; Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramón Llull; Via Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
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31
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Hirahara M, Tsukamoto A, Goto H, Tada S, Yagi M, Umemura Y. Visible-Light-Induced Morphological Changes of Giant Vesicles by Photoisomerization of a Ruthenium Aqua Complex. Chemistry 2016; 22:2590-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Applied Science; National Defense Academy of Japan; Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Akira Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Physics; School of Applied Science; National Defense Academy of Japan; Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Applied Science; National Defense Academy of Japan; Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Shigeru Tada
- Department of Applied Physics; School of Applied Science; National Defense Academy of Japan; Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology; Faculty of Engineering; Niigata University; 8050 Ikarashi-2 Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Yasushi Umemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Applied Science; National Defense Academy of Japan; Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
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