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Peng X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Qian Y, Ouyang Z, Kong H. From Short- to Long-Range Chiral Recognition on Surfaces: Chiral Assembly and Synthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307171. [PMID: 38054810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on chiral behaviors of small organic molecules at solid surfaces, including chiral assembly and synthesis, can not only help unravel the origin of the chiral phenomenon in biological/chemical systems but also provide promising strategies to build up unprecedented chiral surfaces or nanoarchitectures with advanced applications in novel nanomaterials/nanodevices. Understanding how molecular chirality is recognized is considered to be a mandatory basis for such studies. In this review, a series of recent studies in chiral assembly and synthesis at well-defined metal surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions are outlined. More importantly, the intrinsic mechanisms of chiral recognition are highlighted, including short/long-range chiral recognition in chiral assembly and two main strategies to steer the reaction pathways and modulate selective synthesis of specific chiral products on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Peng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xinbang Liu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yinyue Qian
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zuoling Ouyang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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2
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Liao X, Minamitani E, Xie T, Yang L, Zhang W, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Fu YS. Altering Spin Distribution of Tb 2Pc 3 via Molecular Chirality Manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5901-5907. [PMID: 38408315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the chirality of the spin-polarized electronic state is pivotal for understanding many unusual quantum spin phenomena, but it has not been achieved at the single-molecule level. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), we successfully manipulate the chirality of spin distribution in a triple-decker single-molecule magnet tris(phthalocyaninato)bis(terbium(III)) (Tb2Pc3), which is evaporated on a Pb(111) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy. The otherwise achiral Tb2Pc3 becomes chiral after being embedded into the self-assembled monolayer films of bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium(III) (TbPc2). The chirality of the spin distribution in Tb2Pc3 is manifested via the spatial mapping of its Kondo resonance state from its ligand orbital. Our first-principles calculations revealed that the spin and molecular chirality are associated with a small rotation followed by a structural distortion of the top Pc, consistent with the experimental observation. By constructing tailored molecular clusters with the STM tip, a single Tb2Pc3 molecule can be manipulated among achiral and differently handed chiral configurations of spin distributions reversibly. This paves the way for designing chiral spin enantiomers for fundamental studies and developing functional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Emi Minamitani
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Ying-Shuang Fu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
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3
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Labella J, Lavarda G, Hernández-López L, Aguilar-Galindo F, Díaz-Tendero S, Lobo-Checa J, Torres T. Preparation, Supramolecular Organization, and On-Surface Reactivity of Enantiopure Subphthalocyanines: From Bulk to 2D-Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16579-16587. [PMID: 36052724 PMCID: PMC9479063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of chiral materials is severely limited by the challenge to achieve enantiopure derivatives with both configurational stability and good optoelectronic properties. Herein we demonstrate that enantiopure subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) fulfill such demanding requirements and bear the prospect of becoming components of chiral technologies. Particularly, we describe the synthesis of enantiopure SubPcs and assess the impact of chirality on aspects as fundamental as the supramolecular organization, the behavior in contact with metallic surfaces, and the on-surface reactivity and polymerization. We find that enantiopure SubPcs remarkably tend to organize in columnar polar assemblies at the solid state and highly ordered chiral superstructures on Au(111) surfaces. At the metal interface, such SubPcs are singled out by scanning tunneling microscopy. DFT calculations suggest that SubPcs undergo a bowl-to-bowl inversion that was shown to be dependent on the axial substituent. Finally, we polymerize by means of on-surface synthesis a highly regular 2D, porous and chiral, π-extended polymer that paves the way to future nanodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Labella
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Leyre Hernández-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Galindo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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4
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Alić J, Biljan I, Štefanić Z, Šekutor M. Preparation and characterization of non-aromatic ether self-assemblies on a HOPG surface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:355603. [PMID: 35545006 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface self-assemblies of aromatic organic molecules have been widely investigated, but the characterization of analogous self-assemblies consisting of fully sp3-hybridized molecules remains challenging. The possible on-surface orientations of alkyl molecules not exclusively comprised of long alkyl chains are difficult to distinguish because of their inherently low symmetry and non-planar nature. Here, we present a detailed study of diamondoid ethers, structurally rigid and fully saturated molecules, which form uniform 2D monolayers on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, various computational tools, and x-ray structural analysis, we identified the most favorable on-surface orientations of these rigid ethers and accounted for the forces driving the self-organization process. The influence of the oxygen atom and London dispersion interactions were found to be responsible for the formation of the observed highly ordered 2D ether assemblies. Our findings provide insight into the on-surface properties and behavior of non-aromatic organic compounds and broaden our understanding of the phenomena characteristic of monolayers consisting of non-planar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Alić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Biljan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Štefanić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Yan C, Moretto E, Kachouri O, Biagi JL, Thomann JS, Kayser F, Dieden R. Revealing the dehydration/deuteration processes at the liquid-solid interface by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Dai H, Huang W, Zeng Q. Temperature-induced self-assembly transformation: an effective external stimulus on 2D supramolecular structures. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of nano-characterization technology, imaging and controlling of two-dimension (2D) self-assembled supramolecular structures on the surface have drawn increasing attention in nanoscience and technology. As an important influence...
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7
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Zhou DD, Wang J, Chen P, He Y, Wu JX, Gao S, Zhong Z, Du Y, Zhong D, Zhang JP. On-surface isostructural transformation from a hydrogen-bonded network to a coordination network for tuning the pore size and guest recognition. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1272-1277. [PMID: 34163889 PMCID: PMC8179111 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05147k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational manipulation of supramolecular structures on surfaces is of great importance and challenging. We show that imidazole-based hydrogen-bonded networks on a metal surface can transform into an isostructural coordination network for facile tuning of the pore size and guest recognition behaviours. Deposition of triangular-shaped benzotrisimidazole (H3btim) molecules on Au(111)/Ag(111) surfaces gives honeycomb networks linked by double N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. While the H3btim hydrogen-bonded networks on Au(111) evaporate above 453 K, those on Ag(111) transform into isostructural [Ag3(btim)] coordination networks based on double N-Ag-N bonds at 423 K, by virtue of the unconventional metal-acid replacement reaction (Ag reduces H+). The transformation expands the pore diameter of the honeycomb networks from 3.8 Å to 6.9 Å, giving remarkably different host-guest recognition behaviours for fullerene and ferrocene molecules based on the size compatibility mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yangyong He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jun-Xi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Sen Gao
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhihao Zhong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jie-Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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8
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Debiossac M, Roncin P, Borisov AG. Refraction of Fast Ne Atoms in the Attractive Well of a LiF(001) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4564-4569. [PMID: 32421332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ne atoms with energies of ≤3 keV are diffracted under grazing angles of incidence from a LiF(001) surface. For a small momentum component of the incident beam perpendicular to the surface, we observe an increase in the elastic rainbow angle together with a broadening of the inelastic scattering profile. We interpret these two effects as the refraction of the atomic wave in the attractive part of the surface potential. We use a fast, rigorous dynamical diffraction calculation to find a projectile-surface potential model that enables a quantitative reproduction of the experimental data for ≤10 diffraction orders. This allows us to extract an attractive potential well depth of 10.4 meV. Our results set a benchmark for more refined surface potential models that include the weak van der Waals region, a long-standing challenge in the study of atom-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Debiossac
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, bât. 520, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Roncin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, bât. 520, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, bât. 520, 91405 Orsay, France
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9
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Deng C, Liu Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Chi L. Dynamic Supramolecular Template: Multiple Stimuli-Controlled Size Adjustment of Porous Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5510-5516. [PMID: 32356994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable porous networks offer exciting potential in functionalizing surfaces. The structure and morphology of the networks can be controlled by applying external stimuli. Here, a dynamic supramolecular template assembled by 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) is successfully achieved at the liquid-solid interface by applying two external stimuli simultaneously. Upon varying the concentration of BTB solution together with switching the polarity of the sample bias, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) undergo phase transitions twice: an immediate transition from a compact structure to a macroporous (honeycomb) structure as a response to the change in the electric field and a fast-changing transition from the macroporous to a microporous (oblique) structure. With saturated BTB solution, however, the initial compact structure can only transform into the oblique structure after switching the polarity of the sample bias without the appearance of a honeycomb structure. The different phase transitions suggest that the dynamic supramolecular template can only survive at a specific concentration range and is obtainable by performing multiple stimuli simultaneously. Interestingly, introducing a guest molecule to the system can adjust the phase transition process and effectively stabilize the honeycomb structure of BTB. The flexibility associated with the porous networks renders it a dynamic supramolecular template for guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kot D, Macko T, Arndt JH, Brüll R. Porous graphite as platform for the separation and characterization of synthetic polymers – an overview. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:360038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Li SY, Yang XQ, Chen T, Wang D, Wang SF, Wan LJ. Tri-Stable Structural Switching in 2D Molecular Assembly at the Liquid/Solid Interface Triggered by External Electric Field. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6751-6759. [PMID: 31188581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tri-stable structural switching between different polymorphisms is presented in the 2D molecular assembly of a 5-(benzyloxy)isophthalic acid derivative (BIC-C12) at the liquid/solid interface. The assembled structure of BIC-C12 is sensitive to the applied voltage between the STM tip and the sample surface. A compact lamellar structure is exclusively observed at positive sample bias, while a porous honeycomb structure or a quadrangular structure is preferred at negative sample bias. Selective switching between the lamellar structure and the honeycomb structure or the quadrangular structure is realized by controlling the polarity and magnitude of the sample bias. The transition between the honeycomb structure and the quadrangular structure is, however, absent in the assembly. This tri-stable structural switching is closely related to the molecular concentration in the liquid phase. This result provides insights into the effect of external electric field on molecular assembly and benefits the design and construction of switchable molecular architectures on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Hubei University , Wuhan 400062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
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12
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π-Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17038-17042. [PMID: 30378740 PMCID: PMC6582435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self‐assembled monolayers of a π‐expanded oligothiophene macrocycle undergo photoisomerization between their Z,Z and E,E diastereomers at the interface between octanoic acid solutions and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The switching process proceeds in situ at the solid–liquid interface and was followed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Upon illumination with light at 365 nm (546 nm), a monolayer of Z,Z‐8mer (E,E‐8mer) photoisomerizes to the E,E‐8mer (Z,Z‐8mer) form with changes in 2D hexagonal packing. These findings provide insight towards the design of photoresponsive surfaces with desirable optoelectronic and structural (host–guest) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π‐Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid–Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José D. Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
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14
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Haghighian N, Convertino D, Miseikis V, Bisio F, Morgante A, Coletti C, Canepa M, Cavalleri O. Rippling of graphitic surfaces: a comparison between few-layer graphene and HOPG. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13322-13330. [PMID: 29717315 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface structure of Few-Layer Graphene (FLG) epitaxially grown on the C-face of SiC has been investigated by TM-AFM in ambient air and upon interaction with dilute aqueous solutions of bio-organic molecules (l-methionine and dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO). Before interaction with molecular solutions, we observe nicely ordered, three-fold oriented rippled domains, with a 4.7 ± 0.2 nm periodicity (small periodicity, SP) and a peak-to-valley distance in the range 0.1-0.2 nm. Upon mild interaction with the molecular solution, the ripple periodicity "relaxes" to 6.2 ± 0.2 nm (large periodicity, LP), while the peak-to-valley height increases to 0.2-0.3 nm. When additional energy is transferred to the system through sonication in solution, graphene planes are peeled off, as shown by quantitative analysis of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which indicate a neat reduction of thickness. Upon exfoliation rippled domains are no longer observed. In comparative experiments on cleaved HOPG, we could not observe ripples on pristine samples in ambient air, while LP ripples develop upon interaction with the molecular solutions. Recent literature on similar systems is not univocal regarding the interpretation of rippling. The ensemble of our comparative observations on FLG and HOPG can be hardly rationalized solely on the basis of the surface assembly of molecules, either organic molecules coming from the solution or adventitious species. We propose to consider rippling as the manifestation of the free-energy minimization of quasi-2D layers, eventually affected by factors such as interplanar stacking, and interactions with molecules and/or with the AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Haghighian
- OptMatLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - D Convertino
- CNI@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Miseikis
- CNI@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bisio
- CNR-SPIN, C.so Perrone 24, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - A Morgante
- CNR-IOM, Strada Statale 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Coletti
- CNI@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy and Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - M Canepa
- OptMatLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - O Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
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15
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Van Gorp H, Walke P, Bragança AM, Greenwood J, Ivasenko O, Hirsch BE, De Feyter S. Self-Assembled Polystyrene Beads for Templated Covalent Functionalization of Graphitic Substrates Using Diazonium Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12005-12012. [PMID: 29485850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A network of self-assembled polystyrene beads was employed as a lithographic mask during covalent functionalization reactions on graphitic surfaces to create nanocorrals for confined molecular self-assembly studies. The beads were initially assembled into hexagonal arrays at the air-liquid interface and then transferred to the substrate surface. Subsequent electrochemical grafting reactions involving aryl diazonium molecules created covalently bound molecular units that were localized in the void space between the nanospheres. Removal of the bead template exposed hexagonally arranged circular nanocorrals separated by regions of chemisorbed molecules. Small molecule self-assembly was then investigated inside the resultant nanocorrals using scanning tunneling microscopy to highlight localized confinement effects. Overall, this work illustrates the utility of self-assembly principles to transcend length scale gaps in the development of hierarchically patterned molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Van Gorp
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter Walke
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ana M Bragança
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - John Greenwood
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Brandon E Hirsch
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium
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16
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Kim S, Castillo HD, Lee M, Mortensen RD, Tait SL, Lee D. From Foldable Open Chains to Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: Synthesis, Impact on 2D Ordering, and Stimulated Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Riley D. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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17
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Dutta S, Gellman AJ. Enantiomer surface chemistry: conglomerate versus racemate formation on surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7787-7839. [PMID: 29165467 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Research on surface chirality is motivated by the need to develop functional chiral surfaces for enantiospecific applications. While molecular chirality in 3D has been the subject of study for almost two centuries, many aspects of 2D chiral surface chemistry have yet to be addressed. In 3D, racemic mixtures of chiral molecules tend to aggregate into racemate (molecularly heterochiral) crystals much more frequently than conglomerate (molecularly homochiral) crystals. Whether chiral adsorbates on surfaces preferentially aggregate into heterochiral rather than homochiral domains (2D crystals or clusters) is not known. In this review, we have made the first attempt to answer the following question based on available data: in 2D racemic mixtures adsorbed on surfaces, is there a clear preference for homochiral or heterochiral aggregation? The current hypothesis is that homochiral packing is preferred on surfaces; in contrast to 3D where heterochiral packing is more common. In this review, we present a simple hierarchical scheme to categorize the chirality of adsorbate-surface systems. We then review the body of work using scanning tunneling microscopy predominantly to study aggregation of racemic adsorbates. Our analysis of the existing literature suggests that there is no clear evidence of any preference for either homochiral or heterochiral aggregation at the molecular level by chiral and prochiral adsorbates on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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18
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Janica I, Patroniak V, Samorì P, Ciesielski A. Imine-Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self-Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:465-481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Janica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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19
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Zhou X, Dai J, Wu K. Steering on-surface reactions with self-assembly strategy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:31531-31539. [PMID: 29171852 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The control of assembly structures that subsequently help achieve viable functionalities has been one of the key motivations for the exploration of surface molecular assembly. In terms of its functionality and applicability, the assembly is explored as a strategy to steer on-surface reactions primarily by two methods: assembly-assisted and assembly-involved reactions. The functions of the self-assembly strategy are threefold: tweaking reaction selectivities, steering reaction pathways, and directing reaction sites. The governing principle herein is that the assembly strategy can apply a surface confinement effect that affects the energy barrier and pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation for the dynamics of the target reaction. Development of such a strategy may reveal new routes to steer on-surface reactions and even single molecule properties in surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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20
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Sanz-Matías A, Ivasenko O, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Harvey JN. Computational insight into the origin of unexpected contrast in chiral markers as revealed by STM. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1680-1694. [PMID: 29265120 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Internal substituents can serve the double purpose of generating stereogenic centers and (potentially) being identifiable with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) in 2D self-assembled molecular layers. We investigate computationally the origin of stark contrast variations in STM images of chirally substituted self-assembled organic films. STM images of alkyl derivatives with secondary -CH3 and -OH groups have been simulated. Density functional theory calculations reveal bias-dependent contrast reversals in the substituent regions: a lack of local density of states in the relevant energy regime results in 'dark spots' in the simulated STM images, which turn bright upon increasing the bias voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanz-Matías
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Bonhommeau S, Lecomte S. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Tool for Nanoscale Chemical and Structural Characterization of Biomolecules. Chemphyschem 2017; 19:8-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonhommeau
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University of Bordeaux; Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets; CNRS UMR 5248; Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
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22
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Hu Y, Miao K, Xu L, Zha B, Long M, Miao X, Deng W. Two side chains, three supramolecules: exploration of fluorenone derivatives towards crystal engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19205-19216. [PMID: 28702598 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural diversity obtained through two-dimensional molecular self-assembly induced by the chain length effect has gained immense attention, not only because of its significance in crystal engineering but also for its potential application in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Three kinds of fluorenone derivative, named F-C7C7, F-C14C7, and F-C14C14, were synthesized and used for systematic exploration of their crystalline difference. At first, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were performed to investigate their differences in morphology and three-dimensional crystal structure. Then scanning tunneling microscopy experiments were conducted to compare the self-assembled monolayers. Moreover, different solvents were used to repeatedly investigate the occurrence of structural diversity. F-C7C7 could not self-assemble into a stable monolayer on the graphite surface under ambient conditions due to its weak molecule-substrate interaction. F-C14C7 was observed to self-assemble into twist, plier-like, octamer-curve, and random structures in 1-octanoic acid, 1-phenyloctane, n-tetradecane, and dichloromethane, respectively. However, when the same solvents were used and at similar concentrations, the F-C14C14 molecules were arranged into interval, mixed, linear, and plier-like configurations. These self-assembled nanopatterns formed under the driving forces of dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and chain-chain, molecule-substrate, and molecule-solvent van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as polarized optical microscopy, was performed to further elucidate the difference between these three compounds in the solid and liquid crystal states. The present system is believed to provide understanding of how the chain length effect induces different crystalline properties, and to open up the possibility of fabricating diverse self-assembled networks for crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Kai Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bao Zha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mengying Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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23
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Shao F, Müller V, Zhang Y, Schlüter AD, Zenobi R. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Interfacial Monolayers by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Vivian Müller
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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24
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Shao F, Müller V, Zhang Y, Schlüter AD, Zenobi R. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Interfacial Monolayers by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9361-9366. [PMID: 28597527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report an investigation of interfacial fluorinated hydrocarbon (carboxylic-fantrip) monolayers by nanoscale imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By comparing TERS images of a sub-monolayer prepared by spin-coating and a π-π-stacked monolayer on Au(111) in which the molecular orientation is confined, specific Raman peaks shift and line widths narrow in the transferred LB monolayer. Based on DFT calculations that take into account dispersion corrections and surface selection rules, these specific effects are proposed to originate from π-π stacking and molecular orientation restriction. TERS shows the possibility to distinguish between a random and locked orientation with a spatial resolution of less than 10 nm. This work combines experimental TERS imaging with theoretical DFT calculations and opens up the possibility of studying molecular orientations and intermolecular interaction at the nanoscale and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Müller
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yao Zhang
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Dai HL, Geng YF, Zeng QD, Wang C. Photo-regulation of 2D supramolecular self-assembly: On-surface photochemistry studied by STM. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Geng YF, Li P, Li JZ, Zhang XM, Zeng QD, Wang C. STM probing the supramolecular coordination chemistry on solid surface: Structure, dynamic, and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Shen Y, Tian G, Huang H, He Y, Xie Q, Song F, Lu Y, Wang P, Gao Y. Chiral Self-Assembly of Nonplanar 10,10'-Dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl Molecules on Ag(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2993-2999. [PMID: 28260373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of the self-assembly of nonplanar 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl (DBBA) molecules on Ag(111) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DBBA molecules have two enantiomorphous adsorption configurations, from which more chiral structures can be formed. At a low coverage [0.4 monolayer (ML)], DBBA forms racemic netlike islands consisting of molecular chains along ⟨1 2 3̅⟩Ag. Moreover, the gliding between the molecular chains gives rise to chiral windmill-like patterns in the islands. At 0.8 ML, DBBA forms a racemic row phase and a homochiral hexamer phase. The molecular appearance difference between the two coexisted phases and the DFT calculated molecular adsorption configuration reveal a decrease in the molecular dihedral angle of DBBA, which implies an enhancement in the intermolecular interactions via CH···π and halogen bonds. The transition from a racemic packing mode to a homochiral one suggests that the suitability of steric configurations is dominant in the close-packing mode under enhanced intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | | | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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28
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Maeda N, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Discrimination between Conglomerates and Pseudoracemates Using Surface Coverage Plots in 2D Self-Assemblies at the Liquid-Graphite Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2371-2375. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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29
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Maeda N, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Discrimination between Conglomerates and Pseudoracemates Using Surface Coverage Plots in 2D Self-Assemblies at the Liquid-Graphite Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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30
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Bouju X, Mattioli C, Franc G, Pujol A, Gourdon A. Bicomponent Supramolecular Architectures at the Vacuum–Solid Interface. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1407-1444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bouju
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Grégory Franc
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Pujol
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CEMES, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
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31
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Dai H, Yi W, Deng K, Wang H, Zeng Q. Formation of Coronene Clusters in Concentration and Temperature Controlled Two-Dimensional Porous Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21095-21100. [PMID: 27463768 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we observed the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly transition of a star-shaped oligofluorene derivative (StOF) from disordered structure to honeycomb network by adjusting StOF concentration in solution. By introducing guest molecules coronene (COR), we for the first time achieved novel triangle-shaped COR trimers on liquid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface in both honeycomb network and the disordered structure. In thermal tests, the COR/StOF-disorder system underwent a structural conformation to form well-ordered ladder structures, while the COR/StOF-honeycomb system remained the perfect hexagonal network with COR trimers included in the cavities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the forming mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. These studies are expected to enhance controlling on 2D self-assembly and provide a facial approach toward constructing on-surface molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yi
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University , Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University , Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Wang Y, Yuan Q, Xu H, Zhu X, Gan W. Metal dependent motif transition in a self-assembled monolayer of bipyridine derivatives via coordination: An STM study. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034701. [PMID: 27448898 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional molecular motifs with diversity developed via the on-surface chemistry are attracting growing interest for their potential in advanced nanofabrication. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to investigate the in situ and ex situ metal coordinations between 4,4'-ditetradecyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and Zn(ii) or Cu(ii) ions at a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)/1-phenyloctane interface under ambient conditions. The results demonstrate that the bpy adopts a flat-lying orientation with its substituted alkyl chains in a tail-to-tail arrangement in a bpy monolayer. For the in situ coordination, the bpy/Zn(ii) and bpy/Cu(ii) complexes are aligned in edge-on fashions, wherein the bpy stands vertically on the HOPG surface and interdigitates at the alkyl chains. In the two-dimensional arrays of ex situ coordinated complexes, metal dependent motifs have been observed with Zn(ii) and Cu(ii), wherein the bipyridine moieties are parallel to the graphite surface. These results suggest that the desired on-surface coordination architectures may be achieved by the intentional selection of the metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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33
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Rubio-Pereda P, Takeuchi N. Van der Waals molecular interactions in the organic functionalization of graphane, silicane, and germanane with alkene and alkyne molecules: a DFT-D2 study. J Mol Model 2016; 22:175. [PMID: 27383611 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory with the addition of a semi-empirical dispersion potential was applied to the conventional Kohn-Sham energy to study the adsorption of alkene and alkyne molecules on hydrogen-terminated two-dimensional group IV systems (graphane, silicane, and germanane) by means of a radical-initiated reaction. In particular, we investigated the interactions of acetylene, ethylene, and styrene with those surfaces. Although we had studied these systems previously, we included van der Waals interactions in all of the cases examined in the present work. These forces, which are noncovalent interactions, can heavily influence different processes in molecular chemistry, such as the adsorption of organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces. This unified approach allowed us to perform a comparative study of the relative reactivities of the various organic molecule/surface systems. The results showed that the degree of covalency of the surface, the lattice size, and the partial charge distribution (caused by differences in electronegativity) are all key elements that determine the reactivity between the molecules and the surfaces tested in this work. The covalent nature of graphane gives rise to energetically favorable intermediate states, while the opposite polarities of the charge distributions of silicane and germanane with the organic molecules favor subsequent steps of the radical-initiated reaction. Finally, the lattice size is a factor that has important consequences due to steric effects present in the systems and the possibility of chain reaction continuation. The results obtained in this work show that careful selection of the substrate is very important. Calculated energy barriers, heats of adsorption, and optimized atomic structures show that the silicane system offers the best reactivity in organic functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rubio-Pereda
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada 3918, Código Postal 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Código Postal 22800, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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El Garah M, Dianat A, Cadeddu A, Gutierrez R, Cecchini M, Cook TR, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Cuniberti G, Samorì P. Atomically Precise Prediction of 2D Self-Assembly of Weakly Bonded Nanostructures: STM Insight into Concentration-Dependent Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:343-350. [PMID: 26596683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A joint experimental and computational study is reported on the concentration-dependant self-assembly of a flat C3 -symmetric molecule on a graphite surface. As a model system a tripodal molecule, 1,3,5-tris(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)benzene, has been chosen, which can adopt either C3h or Cs symmetry when planar, as a result of pyridyl rotation along the alkynyl spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of 2D nanopatterns with different surface coverage reveal that the molecule can generate different types of self-assembled motifs. The stability of fourteen 2D patterns and the influence of concentration are analyzed. It is found that ordered, densely packed monolayers and 2D porous networks are obtained at high and low concentrations, respectively. A concentration-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of this molecular self-assembly system at a solution/graphite interface reveals four supramolecular motifs, which are in perfect agreement with those predicted by simulations. Therefore, this DFT method represents a key step forward toward the atomically precise prediction of molecular self-assembly on surfaces and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Cadeddu
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Cecchini
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Ciesielski A, El Garah M, Masiero S, Samorì P. Self-assembly of Natural and Unnatural Nucleobases at Surfaces and Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:83-95. [PMID: 26488679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of small organic molecules interacting via non-covalent forces is a viable approach towards the construction of highly ordered nanostructured materials. Among various molecular components, natural and unnatural nucleobases can undergo non-covalent self-association to form supramolecular architectures with ad hoc structural motifs. Such structures, when decorated with appropriate electrically/optically active units, can be used as scaffolds to locate such units in pre-determined positions in 2D on a surface, thereby paving the way towards a wide range of applications, e.g., in optoelectronics. This review discusses some of the basic concepts of the supramolecular engineering of natural and unnatural nucleobases and derivatives thereof as well as self-assembly processes on conductive solid substrates, as investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy in ultra-high vacuum and at the solid/liquid interface. By unravelling the structure and dynamics of these self-assembled architectures with a sub-nanometer resolution, a greater control over the formation of increasingly sophisticated functional systems is achieved. The ability to understand and predict how nucleobases interact, both among themselves as well as with other molecules, is extremely important, since it provides access to ever more complex DNA- and RNA-based nanostructures and nanomaterials as key components in nanomechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Caimician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, v. San Giacomo, 11 - 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Nuermaimaiti A, S-Falk V, Cramer JL, Svane KL, Hammer B, Gothelf KV, Linderoth TR. Selection of conformational states in surface self-assembly for a molecule with eight possible pairs of surface enantiomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14023-14026. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral adsorption of a complex molecule with as many as eight possible pairs of surface enantiomers is investigated by STM and the selection of enantiomers is understood by statistical analysis and DFT modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nuermaimaiti
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - V. S-Falk
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - J. L. Cramer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - K. L. Svane
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - B. Hammer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - K. V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Center for DNA nanotechnology (CDNA) and Department of Chemistry
| | - T. R. Linderoth
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
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37
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Hu Y, Miao K, Peng S, Zha B, Xu L, Miao X, Deng W. Structural transition control between dipole–dipole and hydrogen bonds induced chirality and achirality. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents efficient strategies on manipulation of hydrogen bonds and dipole–dipole induced chiral and achiral self-assembly nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
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38
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Shen M, Luo Z, Geng Y, Hu W, Zhang S, Lai Y, Liu B, Duan W, Zhao D, Deng K, Zeng Q. STM analysis of surface-adsorbed conjugated oligo(p-phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31725-31731. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of conjugated oligomers with different backbone lengths and side chains displayed various self-assembled structures on HOPG surface.
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39
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Hirsch BE, McDonald KP, Flood AH, Tait SL. Living on the edge: Tuning supramolecular interactions to design two-dimensional organic crystals near the boundary of two stable structural phases. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101914. [PMID: 25770503 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the benefits of supramolecular assemblies that form at dynamic interfaces is the opportunity to develop condensed phase systems that respond to environmental stimuli. A prerequisite of this responsive behavior is that the supramolecular system be designed to sit very near the stability of two or more crystal structures. We have created such a bi-phasic system with aryl-triazole oligomers by investigating how phase morphology is controlled by the interplay between interactions that involve the oligomer's dipolar cores (Δμ = 3.5 debye), van der Waals contacts of their pendant alkyl chains (C4-C18), and close-contact hydrogen bonding. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments conducted at the solution-graphite interface allow sub-molecular resolution of the ordered monolayers to unambiguously determine the packing and structure of two principle phases, α and β. The system is balanced very near the edge of phase stability, evidenced by co-existent phases present over short time frames and by the changes in preference between the two 2D supramolecular assemblies that occur with small modifications to the molecular structure. We demonstrate that the bi-phasic behavior can be understood as a balance between electrostatic interactions and van der Waals contacts, two variables within a larger parameter space, allowing synthetic design to move this solution-surface system across the stability boundary of different condensed-phase structures. These findings are a foundation for the development of environmentally responsive 2D supramolecular arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Kevin P McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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40
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Chen T, Wang D, Wan LJ. Two-dimensional chiral molecular assembly on solid surfaces: formation and regulation. Natl Sci Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The expression of chirality in 2D molecular assemblies on solid surfaces has unique features compared to the analogous process in 1D and 3D supramolecular assemblies. Understanding the formation of chiral molecular assemblies on surfaces not only provides insight into the origin and transfer of chirality in many enantioselective processes, but also aids rational design and construction of chiral architectures and materials. This present contribution reviews recent studies on how chirality is induced and expressed on the surface at different levels, both from intrinsically chiral and achiral molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the regulation effect of some pivotal factors, for example, the chemical structure, the chiral auxiliary molecules, and the assembled environments, on the expression of chirality in molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Plas J, Waghray D, Adisoejoso J, Ivasenko O, Dehaen W, De Feyter S. Insights into dynamic covalent chemistry at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16338-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of surface confined self-assembly to influence the chemical equilibrium of Schiff base formation and bias the yield and distribution of reaction products is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plas
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Deepali Waghray
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jinne Adisoejoso
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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42
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Slater AG, Perdigão LMA, Beton PH, Champness NR. Surface-based supramolecular chemistry using hydrogen bonds. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3417-27. [PMID: 25330179 DOI: 10.1021/ar5001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The arrangement of molecular species into extended structures remains the focus of much current chemical science. The organization of molecules on surfaces using intermolecular interactions has been studied to a lesser degree than solution or solid-state systems, and unanticipated observations still lie in store. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are an attractive tool that can be used to facilitate the self-assembly of an extended structure through the careful design of target building blocks. Our studies have focused on the use of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PTCDIs), and related functionalized analogues, to prepare extended arrays on surfaces. These molecules are ideal for such studies because they are specifically designed to interact with appropriate diaminopyridine-functionalized molecules, and related species, through complementary hydrogen bonds. Additionally, PTCDI species can be functionalized in the bay region of the molecule, facilitating modification of the self-assembled structures that can be prepared. Through a combination of PTCDI derivatives, sometimes in combination with melamine, porous two-dimensional arrays can be formed that can entrap guest molecules. The factors that govern the self-assembly processes of PTCDI derivatives are discussed, and the ability to construct suitable target arrays and host-specific molecular species, including fullerenes and transition metal clusters, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Slater
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luis M. A. Perdigão
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Beton
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Champness
- School of Chemistry, ‡School of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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43
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Li Y, Cheng L, Liu C, Xie Y, Liu W, Fan Y, Li X, Fan X. Hierarchical self-assembly of amino acid derivatives into stimuli-responsive luminescent gels. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8261-8266. [PMID: 25186913 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, unique luminescent gels have been obtained from two components between amino acid functionalized perylene derivatives and 4,4'-bipyridyl units via hierarchical self-assembly. The luminescent gels have been investigated by means of ultraviolet spectra (UV), fluorescence spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM), which illustrate the strong fluorescence intensity of the gels. In order to further reveal the self-assembly driving forces, the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly behaviours have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate at the solid-liquid interface, which indicates that the driving forces are attributed to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions. According to the interaction mode, these organogelators are found to rapidly transform from gels to solutions by adding triethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
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44
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Xu J, Zeng Q. Two-dimensional (2D) Supramolecular Coordination at Liquid/Solid Interfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Hirsch BE, McDonald KP, Qiao B, Flood AH, Tait SL. Selective anion-induced crystal switching and binding in surface monolayers modulated by electric fields from scanning probes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10858-10869. [PMID: 25257197 DOI: 10.1021/nn504685t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion-selective (Br(-) and I(-)) and voltage-driven crystal switching between two differently packed phases (α ⇆ β) was observed in 2D crystalline monolayers of aryl-triazole receptors ordered at solution-graphite interfaces. Addition of Br(-) and I(-) was found to stimulate the α → β phase transformation and to produce ion binding to the β phase assembly, while Cl(-) and BF4(-) addition retained the α phase. Unlike all other surface assemblies of either charged molecules or ion-templated 2D crystallization of metal-ligand or receptor-based adsorbates, the polarity of the electric field between the localized scanning tip and the graphite substrate was found to correlate with phase switching: β → α is driven at -1.5 V, while α → β occurs at +1.1 V. Ion-pairing between the countercations and the guest anions was also observed. These observations are supported by control studies including variation of anion species, relative anion concentration, surface temperature, tip voltage, and scanning time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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46
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Hibino M, Tsuchiya H. Self-assembled monolayers of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters on graphite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6852-6857. [PMID: 24853476 DOI: 10.1021/la500944t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular arrangements of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cholesterol, cholesteryl laurate, and cholesteryl stearate adsorbed on a graphite surface were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid-solid interface. The STM images of the SAMs showed two-dimensional periodic arrays of bright regions that corresponded to the sterol rings. However, individual sterol rings could not be observed in the bright regions in the STM images of the cholesterol monolayers. Nevertheless, by comparing the STM images and the crystallographic data, it is concluded that the cholesterol molecules are arranged in pairs oriented head-to-head owing to the hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups. These dimers, in turn, are oriented parallel to each other, owing to the interactions between the sterol rings. The STM images of cholesteryl ester monolayers had molecular resolution and showed pairs of cholesteryl ester molecules oriented in an antiparallel manner, with their fatty acid chains located in the central regions. Furthermore, the fatty acid chains of cholesteryl stearate were observed to be oriented in the (1120) zigzag direction of the graphite lattice, whereas those of cholesteryl laurate were oriented in the (1010) armchair direction. These observations reveal that the interactions between the fatty acid chains affect the structure of the SAMs. The molecular arrangements also depend on the lengths of the fatty acid chains of the cholesterol esters and hence on the interactions between the alkyl chains and the graphite surface. The self-assembly at the liquid-solid interface is therefore controlled by the interactions between sterol rings, between alkyl chains, and between alkyl chains and the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hibino
- Department of Applied Science, Muroran Institute of Technology , 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
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47
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Zhang YQ, Öner MA, Lahoz IR, Cirera B, Palma CA, Castro-Fernández S, Míguez-Lago S, Cid MM, Barth JV, Alonso-Gómez JL, Klappenberger F. Morphological self-assembly of enantiopure allenes for upstanding chiral architectures at interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15022-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upstanding chiral architectures (UCAs) were fabricated from chiroptically active allenes under surface-confined conditions with morphological complementarity being central to the self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Zhang
- Physik Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Murat Anil Öner
- Physik Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Borja Cirera
- Physik Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - M. Magdalena Cid
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching, Germany
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48
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Zhang X, Zeng Q, Wang C. Host-guest supramolecular chemistry at solid-liquid interface: An important strategy for preparing two-dimensional functional nanostructures. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Zhang XM, Zeng QD, Wang C. Reversible Phase Transformation at the Solid-Liquid Interface: STM Reveals. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2330-40. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Claridge SA, Liao WS, Thomas JC, Zhao Y, Cao H, Cheunkar S, Serino AC, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. From the bottom up: dimensional control and characterization in molecular monolayers. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2725-45. [PMID: 23258565 PMCID: PMC3596502 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers are a unique class of nanostructured materials, with properties determined by their molecular lattice structures, as well as the interfaces with their substrates and environments. As with other nanostructured materials, defects and dimensionality play important roles in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the monolayers. In this review, we discuss monolayer structures ranging from surfaces (two-dimensional) down to single molecules (zero-dimensional), with a focus on applications of each type of structure, and on techniques that enable characterization of monolayer physical properties down to the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Claridge
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John C. Thomas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huan Cao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sarawut Cheunkar
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew C. Serino
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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