1
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhao X, Wang T, He L, Nan X, Vidović D, Bai P. A universal mass tag based on polystyrene nanoparticles for single-cell multiplexing with mass cytometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:434-443. [PMID: 36822043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (MC) is an emerging bioanalytical technique for high-dimensional biomarkers interrogation simultaneously on individual cells. However, the sensitivity and multiplexed analysis ability of MC was highly restricted by the current metal chelating polymer (MCP) mass tags. Herein, a new design strategy for MC mass tags by using a commercial available and low cost classical material, polystyrene nanoparticle (PS-NP) to carry metals was reported. Unlike inorganic materials, sub-micron-grade metal-loaded polystyrene can be easily detected by MC, thus it is not essential to pursue extremely small particle size in this mass tag design strategy. An altered cell staining buffer can significantly lower the nonspecific binding (NSB) of non-functionalized PS-NPs, revealing another method to lower NSB beside surface modification. The metal doped PS-NP_Abs mass tags showed high compatibility with MCP mass tags and 5-fold higher sensitivity. By using Hf doped PS-NP_Abs as mass tags, four new MC detection channels (177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf and 180Hf) were developed. In general, this work provides a new strategy in designing MC mass tags and lowering NSB, opening up possibility of introducing more potential MC mass tag candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, 8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Tong Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Liang He
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Nan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Pengli Bai
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
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2
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Jeong D, Lee WY. Highly sensitive impedimetric glycosensor for the determination of a ricin surrogate, Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA120). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Sun L, Xu H, Shao Y, Liu J, Fan LJ. Preparation and evaluation of fluorescent poly(p-phenyleneethylene) covalently coated microspheres with reactive sites for bioconjugation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:362-370. [PMID: 30660793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent microspheres with reactive sites for interacting with biomolecules are greatly demanded in flow cytometry based suspension array. Aiming to develop a new method for preparing fluorescent microspheres, two poly(p-phenyleneethylene) (PPE) conjugated polymers (CPs) with pedant carboxylic groups were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling and followed with hydrolysis of ester groups; then the conjugated polymers were immobilized onto monodispersed amino-modified porous poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (APGMA) microspheres via coupling reaction between carboxylic and amino groups to give APGMA-CP fluorescent microspheres. The fluorescent microspheres were found to have good photo- and thermal stability as well as negligible influence from rigorous washing. The emission was uniform all across the inner and surface of the spheres. To evaluate the effectiveness of bioconjugation on the fluorescent microspheres, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) (BSA-FITC) was chosen as the representative biomolecule to react with the fluorescent microspheres to give APGMA-CP-BSA-FITC. In the flow cytometry study, fluorescence compensation between the V500 and FITC detectors (receiving signals from fluorophores excited by 405 nm and 488 nm, respectively), to remove the interference between the emission of FITC and CPs, was realized using singly-stained microspheres. Finally, APGMA-CP-BSA-FITC microspheres were found to be double positive for CP and FITC with very high percentage (>95%), suggesting the bioconjugation is very effective. This study provides a facile method for simultaneous introduction of fluorescence and reactive sites onto the microspheres, which is very promising to be used as general strategy for fabricating fluorescence microspheres for application in high-throughput technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Ya Shao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jiangxin Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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4
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Ali SS, Gangopadhyay A, Maiti K, Mondal S, Pramanik AK, Guria UN, Uddin MR, Mandal S, Mandal D, Mahapatra AK. A chromogenic and ratiometric fluorogenic probe for rapid detection of a nerve agent simulant DCP based on a hybrid hydroxynaphthalene–hemicyanine dye. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5959-5967. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new cyanine dye (CYD) has been synthesized for DCP sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Samim Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Ankita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Kalipada Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Sanchita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Ajoy Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Uday Narayan Guria
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
| | - Md. Raihan Uddin
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata- 700019
- India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata- 700019
- India
| | - Debasish Mandal
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Israel
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Howrah-711103
- India
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5
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Rowland CE, Brown CW, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Nanomaterial-based sensors for the detection of biological threat agents. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:464-477. [PMID: 32288600 PMCID: PMC7108310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The danger posed by biological threat agents and the limitations of modern detection methods to rapidly identify them underpins the need for continued development of novel sensors. The application of nanomaterials to this problem in recent years has proven especially advantageous. By capitalizing on large surface/volume ratios, dispersability, beneficial physical and chemical properties, and unique nanoscale interactions, nanomaterial-based biosensors are being developed with sensitivity and accuracy that are starting to surpass traditional biothreat detection methods, yet do so with reduced sample volume, preparation time, and assay cost. In this review, we start with an overview of bioagents and then highlight the breadth of nanoscale sensors that have recently emerged for their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E. Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Carl W. Brown
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - James B. Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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6
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Leng Y, Sun K, Chen X, Li W. Suspension arrays based on nanoparticle-encoded microspheres for high-throughput multiplexed detection. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5552-95. [PMID: 26021602 PMCID: PMC5223091 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometrically or optically encoded microsphere based suspension array technology (SAT) is applicable to the high-throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within a small, single sample volume. Thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology, tremendous progress has been made in the multiplexed detecting capability, sensitivity, and photostability of suspension arrays. In this review, we first focus on the current stock of nanoparticle-based barcodes as well as the manufacturing technologies required for their production. We then move on to discuss all existing barcode-based bioanalysis patterns, including the various labels used in suspension arrays, label-free platforms, signal amplification methods, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based platforms. We then introduce automatic platforms for suspension arrays that use superparamagnetic nanoparticle-based microspheres. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and their proposed solutions, which are centered on improving encoding capacities, alternative probe possibilities, nonspecificity suppression, directional immobilization, and "point of care" platforms. Throughout this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide for the design of suspension arrays, with the goal of improving their performance in areas such as multiplexing capacity, throughput, sensitivity, and cost effectiveness. We hope that our summary on the state-of-the-art development of these arrays, our commentary on future challenges, and some proposed avenues for further advances will help drive the development of suspension array technology and its related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Leng
- The State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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7
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Chatterjee S, Karuso P, Boulangé A, Franck X, Datta A. Excited State Dynamics of Brightly Fluorescent Second Generation Epicocconone Analogues. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6295-303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Peter Karuso
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Agathe Boulangé
- Normandie Univ,
COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, CNRS, Univ Rouen, INSA Rouen, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Franck
- Normandie Univ,
COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, CNRS, Univ Rouen, INSA Rouen, 1 rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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8
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Wang Y, Ning B, Peng Y, Bai J, Liu M, Fan X, Sun Z, Lv Z, Zhou C, Gao Z. Application of suspension array for simultaneous detection of four different mycotoxins in corn and peanut. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Ouadahi K, Sbargoud K, Allard E, Larpent C. FRET-mediated pH-responsive dual fluorescent nanoparticles prepared via click chemistry. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:727-732. [PMID: 22179667 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11413e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an easy preparation of azide-coated polystyrene-based nanoparticles (15 nm in diameter) and their surface functionalization via CuAAC with fluorophores in water. Resultant dual fluorescent nanoparticles coated with dansyl and pH-sensitive fluorescein moieties as the donor/acceptor FRET pair show a ratiometric response to pH upon excitation at a single wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ouadahi
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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10
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Climent E, Martí A, Royo S, Martínez-Máñez R, Marcos M, Sancenón F, Soto J, Costero A, Gil S, Parra M. Chromogenic Detection of Nerve Agent Mimics by Mass Transport Control at the Surface of Bifunctionalized Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5945-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Climent E, Martí A, Royo S, Martínez-Máñez R, Marcos M, Sancenón F, Soto J, Costero A, Gil S, Parra M. Chromogenic Detection of Nerve Agent Mimics by Mass Transport Control at the Surface of Bifunctionalized Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Costero AM, Parra M, Gil S, Gotor R, Mancini PM, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F, Royo S. Chromo-Fluorogenic Detection of Nerve-Agent Mimics Using Triggered Cyclization Reactions in Push-Pull Dyes. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1573-85. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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He HJ, Zong Y, Bernier M, Wang L. Sensing the insulin signaling pathway with an antibody array. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1440-50. [PMID: 21136963 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is determined by various factors, including defects within the insulin signaling pathway. Mediators of insulin resistance operate through activation of various protein kinase C isoforms, IκB kinase β (IKKβ), and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and subsequent inhibition of the proximal insulin signaling pathway via the insulin receptor substrate 1 and Akt. These mechanisms are still largely unresolved because of the complexity of the molecular events. In this study, an expression and activation state profiling of multiple known key signaling biomolecules involved in insulin metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways was evaluated using a phosphospecific antibody array platform. The results of the arrayed antibodies were verified by the multiplexed bead array assay and conventional Western blot analysis, and confirmed the well-known inhibitory effects of phorbol esters on insulin signaling pathway activation. Of interest, the increase in protein kinase C signaling responses with phorbol esters was associated with activation of the lipid phosphatase PTEN and a 27 kDa HSP. Thus, this insulin signaling antibody array provides a powerful and effective way to investigate the mechanism of insulin resistance and likely assist the development of innovative therapeutic drugs for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun He
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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14
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Pauly D, Kirchner S, Stoermann B, Schreiber T, Kaulfuss S, Schade R, Zbinden R, Avondet MA, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. Simultaneous quantification of five bacterial and plant toxins from complex matrices using a multiplexed fluorescent magnetic suspension assay. Analyst 2009; 134:2028-39. [PMID: 19768210 DOI: 10.1039/b911525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteotoxins such as ricin, abrin, botulinum neurotoxins type A and B (BoNT/A, BoNT/B) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) are regarded as potential biological warfare agents which could be used for bioterrorism attacks on the food chain. In this study we used a novel immunisation strategy to generate high-affinity monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against native ricin, BoNT/A, and BoNT/B. The antibodies were used along with antibodies against SEB and abrin to establish a highly sensitive magnetic and fluorescent multiplex bead array with excellent sensitivities between 2 ng/L and 546 ng/L from a minimal sample volume of 50 microL. The assay was validated using 20 different related analytes and the assay precision was determined. Advancing the existing bead array technology, the novel magnetic and fluorescent microbeads proved amenable to enrichment procedures, by further increasing sensitivity to 0.3-85 ng/L, starting from a sample volume of 500 microL. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for the simultaneous identification of the target toxins spiked into complex food matrices like milk, baby food and yoghurt. On the basis of our results, the assay appears to be a good tool for large-scale screening of samples from the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pauly
- Center for Biological Safety, Microbial Toxins (ZBS3), Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Frigoli M, Ouadahi K, Larpent C. A Cascade FRET-Mediated Ratiometric Sensor for Cu2+Ions Based on Dual Fluorescent Ligand-Coated Polymer Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2009; 15:8319-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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17
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Roda A, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Mirasoli M. Nanobioanalytical luminescence: Förster-type energy transfer methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:109-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Performance of fluorescent labels in sedimentation bead arrays--a comparison study. J Fluoresc 2008; 19:303-10. [PMID: 18807154 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extensive study is described to identify the most suitable fluorescent label in magnetic microsphere sedimentation arrays. The investigated fluorescent labels, commonly used in multiplex analysis, include organic dyes, (fluorescein, Alexa488, Cy5) fluorescent proteins (R-Phycoerythrin, Allophycocyanine, PBXL-3) polymer nanoparticles (FluoSpheres, PD-Pt) and semiconductor nanocrystals (Quantum dots). DNA hybridization assays on magnetic microspheres were applied as model systems to reveal label performance. The fluorescent labels were characterized under optimized conditions regarding signal intensity, non-specific binding and photo-stability. The advantages and drawbacks of individual labels are discussed. The limit of detection and dynamic ranges are determined to compare the performance of selected labels. Detection limits of 2 x 10(-10) mol/L are found for the determination of oligonucleotides using PBXl-3 as label, which is comparable with typical flow cytometer systems. The results and protocols are highly valuable for any type of bead based assays and can be easily transferred.
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19
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Blais DR, Alvarez‐Puebla RA, Bravo‐Vasquez JP, Fenniri H, Pezacki JP. Multiplex pathogen detection based on spatially addressable microarrays of barcoded resins. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:948-53. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Costero AM, Gil S, Parra M, Mancini PME, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F, Royo S. Chromogenic detection of nerve agent mimics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6002-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b811247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Schofield CL, Mukhopadhyay B, Hardy SM, McDonnell MB, Field RA, Russell DA. Colorimetric detection of Ricinus communis Agglutinin 120 using optimally presented carbohydrate-stabilised gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2008; 133:626-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b715250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Hou X, Liu B, Deng X, Zhang B, Chen H, Luo R. Covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase onto poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) monodisperse fluorescent microspheres synthesized by dispersion polymerization. Anal Biochem 2007; 368:100-10. [PMID: 17562322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, micron-sized poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSt-GMA) fluorescent microspheres of 5.1microm in diameter were synthesized via dispersion polymerization of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate in the presence of 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene (POPOP), which provided surface functional groups for covalent immobilization of enzymes. In an effort to study the biocompatibility of the microspheres' surface, glucose oxidase and beta-d-(+)-glucose were selected as a catalytic system for enzymatic assays. A colorimetric method was adopted in evaluating enzymatic activity by introducing horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Both the immobilization amount and the apparent activity of immobilized glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOD) were determined at different conditions. The results show that the immobilized enzymes retained approximately 28 to 34% activity, as compared with free enzymes, without pronounced alteration of the optimum pH and temperature. Kinetics studies show that the corresponding values of K(m) and V(max) are 23.2944 mM and 21.6450M/min.mg GOD for free enzymes and 35.1780 mM and 15.4799M/min.mg GOD for immobilized enzymes. The operational stability studies show that immobilized GOD could retain nearly 50% initial activity after being washed 20 times. The results suggest that the resultant PSt-GMA fluorescent microspheres provide a suitable surface for covalent immobilizing biomolecules; therefore, they have the potential of being used in fluorescence-based immunoassays in high-throughput screening or biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hou
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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23
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Nichkova M, Dosev D, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Kennedy IM. Multiplexed immunoassays for proteins using magnetic luminescent nanoparticles for internal calibration. Anal Biochem 2007; 369:34-40. [PMID: 17681270 PMCID: PMC2014785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Suspension arrays present a promising tool for multiplexed assays in large-scale screening applications. A simple and robust platform for quantitative multiprotein immunoanalysis has been developed with the use of magnetic Co:Nd:Fe(2)O(3)/luminescent Eu:Gd(2)O(3) core/shell nanoparticles (MLNPs) as a carrier. The magnetic properties of the MLNPs allow their manipulation by an external magnetic field in the separation and washing steps in the immunoassay. Their optical properties enable the internal calibration of the detection system. The multiplexed sandwich immunoassay involves dual binding events on the surface of the MLNPs functionalized with the capture antibodies. Secondary antibodies labeled with conventional organic dyes (Alexa Fluor) are used as reporters. The amount of the bound secondary antibody is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. In our approach, the fluorescence intensity of the reporter dye is related to the luminescence signal of the MLNPs. In this way, the intrinsic luminescence of the MLNPs serves as an internal standard in the quantitative immunoassay. The concept is demonstrated for a simultaneous immunoassay for three model proteins (human, rabbit, and mouse IgGs). The method uses a standard bench plate reader. It can be applied to disease diagnostics and to the detection of biological threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Nichkova
- Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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24
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Panda D, Khatua S, Datta A. Enhanced fluorescence of epicocconone in surfactant assemblies as a consequence of depth-dependent microviscosity. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:1648-56. [PMID: 17263570 DOI: 10.1021/jp065226o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extents of fluorescence enhancement of epicocconone are found to be different in the micelles of the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X100 (TX 100). A decrease in fluorescence, observed in the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles, is rationalized by the formation of anions of the fluorophore at the Stern layer. To understand the difference in the effects of SDS and TX 100, the nature of the excited-state process in the fluorophore has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, supported by complementary quantum chemical calculations. The excited-state dynamics of epicocconone is found to depend on polarity and viscosity of the medium, with a more pronounced dependence on viscosity. An inspection of the molecular orbitals involved in the electronic absorption of the molecule reveals the possibility of photoisomerization, which conforms to the observed solvent dependence of the fluorescence spectral properties. An apparent mismatch between trends observed in steady-state spectra and those in temporal decays indicates a significant contribution of an ultrafast component, which cannot be detected in the time resolution of our instrument. The viscosity dependence of the fluorescence quantum yields provides an explanation for the difference in the extents of fluorescence enhancement in the two micelles, in the light of location of the fluorophore at different depths of the micelle. The enhancement of fluorescence, with an unchanged fluorescence maximum, opens up the possibility that the fluorophore could be a useful dual emitting marker for fluorescence microscopy of heterogeneous systems, as the fluorescence of protein-bound epicocconone has been previously reported to be significantly red-shifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Lubelli C, Chatgilialoglu A, Bolognesi A, Strocchi P, Colombatti M, Stirpe F. Detection of ricin and other ribosome-inactivating proteins by an immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay. Anal Biochem 2006; 355:102-9. [PMID: 16762307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are plant proteins with enzymatic activity, classified as type 1 (single chain) or type 2 (two chains). They are identified as rRNA N-glycosidases (EC 3.2.2.22) and cause an irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis. Among type 2 RIPs, there are potent toxins (ricin is the best known) that are considered as potential biological weapons. The development of a fast and sensitive method for the detection of biological agents is an important tool to prevent or deal with the consequences of intoxication. In this article, we describe a very sensitive immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay for the detection of RIPs-a type 1 RIP (dianthin) and a type 2 RIP (ricin)-that combines the specificity of immunological analysis with the exponential amplification of PCR. The limit of detection (LOD) of the technique was compared with the LODs of the conventional immunological methods enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescent immunosorbent assay (FIA). The LOD of IPCR was more than 1 million times lower than that of ELISA, allowing the detection of 10 fg/ml of dianthin and ricin. The possibility to detect ricin in human serum was also investigated, and a similar sensitivity was observed (10 fg/ml). IPCR appears to be the most sensitive method for the detection of ricin and other RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lubelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, via S. Giacomo 14, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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