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Mondal A, Kang J, Kim D. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of Glioblastoma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3484-3503. [PMID: 36917648 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Treating glioblastoma (GBM) by resecting to a large extent can prolong a patient's survival by controlling the tumor cells, but excessive resection may produce postoperative complications by perturbing the brain structures. Therefore, various imaging procedures have been employed to successfully diagnose and resect with utmost caution and to protect vital structural or functional features. Fluorescence tagging is generally used as an intraoperative imaging technique in glioma cells in collaboration with other surgical tools such as MRI and navigation methods. However, the existing fluorescent probes may have several limitations, including poor selectivity, less photostability, false signals, and intraoperative re-administration when used in clinical and preclinical studies for glioma surgery. The involvement of smart fluorogenic materials, specifically fluorescent dyes, and biomarker-amended cell-penetrable fluorescent probes have noteworthy advantages for precise glioma imaging. This review outlines the contemporary advancements of fluorescent probes for imaging glioma cells along with their challenges and visions, with the anticipation to develop next-generation smart glioblastoma detection modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mondal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lew B, George M, Blair S, Zhu Z, Liang Z, Ludwig J, Kim CY, Kim KK, Gruev V, Choi H. Protease-activated indocyanine green nanoprobes for intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging of primary tumors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4041-4050. [PMID: 36285222 PMCID: PMC9514568 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted fluorescent probes in the near-infrared spectrum can provide invaluable information about the location and extent of primary and metastatic tumors during intraoperative procedures to ensure no residual tumors are left in the patient's body. Even though the first fluorescence-guided surgery was performed more than 50 years ago, it is still not accepted as a standard of care in part due to the lack of efficient and non-toxic targeted probes approved by regulatory agencies around the world. Herein, we report protease-activated cationic gelatin nanoparticles encapsulating indocyanine green (ICG) for the detection of primary breast tumors in murine models with high tumor-to-background ratios. Upon intravenous administration, these nanoprobes remain optically silent due to the energy resonance transfer among the bound ICG molecules. As the nanoprobes extravasate and are exposed to the acidic tumor microenvironment, their positive surface charges increase, facilitating cellular uptake. The internalized nanoprobes are activated upon proteolytic degradation of gelatin to allow high contrast between the tumor and normal tissue. Since both gelatin and ICG are FDA-approved for intravenous administration, this activatable nanoprobe can lead to quick clinical adoption and improve the treatment of patients undergoing image-guided cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lew
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Mebin George
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Steven Blair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Zhongmin Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Zuodong Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jamie Ludwig
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Celeste Y Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Kyekyoon Kevin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Viktor Gruev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hyungsoo Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Gui Y, Cheng K, Wang R, Liu S, Zhao C, Zhang R, Wang M, Cheng Z, Yang M. Photoacoustic detection of follicular thyroid carcinoma using targeted Nano-Au-Tripods. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Wu Y, Li H, Yan Y, Wang K, Cheng Y, Li Y, Zhu X, Xie J, Sun X. Affibody-Modified Gd@C-Dots with Efficient Renal Clearance for Enhanced MRI of EGFR Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4691-4703. [PMID: 32636625 PMCID: PMC7335283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s244172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gd-encapsulated carbonaceous dots (Gd@C-dots) have excellent stability and magnetic properties without free Gd leakage, therefore they can be considered as a safe alternative T1 contrast agent to commonly used Gd complexes. To improve their potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment, affibody-modified Gd@C-dots targeting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EGFR-positive tumors with enhanced renal clearance were developed and synthesized. Materials and Methods Gd@C-dots were developed and modified with Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 through EDC/NHS. The size, morphology, and optical properties of the Gd@C-dots and Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 were characterized. Targeting ability was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. Residual gadolinium concentration in major organs was detected with confocal imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ex vivo. H&E staining was used to assess the morphology of these organs. Results Gd@C-dots with nearly 20 nm in diameter were developed and modified with Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907. EGFR expression in HCC827 cells was higher than NCI-H520. In cell uptake assays, EGFR-expressing HCC827 cells exhibited significant MR T1WI signal enhancement when compared to NCI-H520 cells. Cellular uptake of Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was reduced, when Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was added. In vivo targeting experiments showed that the probe signal was significantly higher in HCC827 than NCI-H520 xenografts at 1 h after injection. In contrast to Gd@C-dots, Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 nanoparticles can be efficiently excreted through renal clearance. No morphological changes were observed by H&E staining in the major organs after injection of Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907. Conclusion Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 is a high-affinity EGFR-targeting probe with efficient renal clearance and is therefore a promising contrast agent for clinical applications such as diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC EGFR-positive malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Yan
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
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Qi S, Hoppmann S, Xu Y, Cheng Z. PET Imaging of HER2-Positive Tumors with Cu-64-Labeled Affibody Molecules. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:907-916. [PMID: 30617730 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-01310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies has demonstrated the utility of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) as an attractive target for cancer molecular imaging and therapy. An affibody protein with strong binding affinity for HER2, ZHER2:342, has been reported. Various methods of chelator conjugation for radiolabeling HER2 affibody molecules have been described in the literature including N-terminal conjugation, C-terminal conjugation, and other methods. Cu-64 has recently been extensively evaluated due to its half-life, decay properties, and availability. Our goal was to optimize the radiolabeling method of this affibody molecule with Cu-64, and translate a positron emission tomography (PET) probe with the best in vivo performance to clinical PET imaging of HER2-positive cancers. PROCEDURES In our study, three anti-HER2 affibody proteins-based PET probes were prepared, and their in vivo performance was evaluated in mice bearing HER2-positive subcutaneous SKOV3 tumors. The affibody analogues, Ac-Cys-ZHER2:342, Ac-ZHER2:342(Cys39), and Ac-ZHER2:342-Cys, were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis method. The purified small proteins were site-specifically conjugated with the maleimide-functionalized chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris- aceticacid-10-maleimidethylacetamide (maleimido-mono-amide-DOTA). The resulting DOTA-affibody conjugates were then radiolabeled with Cu-64. Cell uptake assay of the resulting PET probes, [64Cu]DOTA-Cys-ZHER2:342, [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342(Cys39), and [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342-Cys, was performed in HER2-positive human ovarian SKOV3 carcinoma cells at 4 and 37 °C. The binding affinities of the radiolabeled peptides were tested by cell saturation assay using SKOV3 cells. PET imaging, biodistribution, and metabolic stability studies were performed in mice bearing SKOV3 tumors. RESULTS Cell uptake assays showed high and specific uptake by incubation of Cu-64-labeled affibodies with SKOV3 cells. The affinities (KD) of the PET radio probes as tested by cell saturation analysis were in the low nanomolar range with the ranking of [64Cu]DOTA-Cys-ZHER2:342 (25.2 ± 9.2 nM) ≈ [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342-Cys (32.6 ± 14.7 nM) > [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342(Cys39) (77.6 ± 22.2 nM). In vitro stability and in vivo metabolite analysis study revealed that all three probes were stable enough for in vivo imaging applications, while [64Cu]DOTA-Cys-ZHER2:342 showed the highest stability. In vivo small-animal PET further demonstrated fast tumor targeting, good tumor accumulation, and good tumor to normal tissue contrast of all three probes. For [64Cu]DOTA-Cys-ZHER2:342, [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342(Cys39), and [64Cu]DOTA-ZHER2:342-Cys, tumor uptake at 24 h are 4.0 ± 1.0 % ID/g, 4.0 ± 0.8 %ID/g, and 4.3 ± 0.7 %ID/g, respectively (mean ± SD, n = 4). Co-injection of the probes with non-labeled anti-HER2 affibody proteins confirmed in vivo specificities of the compounds by tumor uptake reduction. CONCLUSIONS The three Cu-64-labeled ZHER2:342 analogues all display excellent HER2 targeting ability and tumor PET imaging quality. Although varied in the position of the radiometal labeling of these three Cu-64-labeled ZHER2:342 analogues, there is no significant difference in tumor and normal tissue uptakes among the three probes. [64Cu]DOTA-Cys-ZHER2:342 stands out as the most superior PET probe because of its highest affinities and in vivo stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Susan Hoppmann
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Yingding Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA.
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6
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Karyagina TS, Ulasov AV, Slastnikova TA, Rosenkranz AA, Lupanova TN, Khramtsov YV, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Targeted Delivery of 111In Into the Nuclei of EGFR Overexpressing Cells via Modular Nanotransporters With Anti-EGFR Affibody. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:176. [PMID: 32194412 PMCID: PMC7064642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cell nucleus is one of the most vulnerable compartments, the maximum therapeutic effect from a variety of locally acting agents, such as photosensitizers, alfa-emitters, Auger electron emitters, will be expected when they get there. Therefore, the targeted delivery of these agents into the nuclei of target tumor cells is necessary for their anticancer effects and minimization of side effects. Modular nanotransporters (MNT) are artificial polypeptides comprising several predefined modules that recognize target cell, launching their subsequent internalization, escape from endosomes, and transport the drug load to the nucleus. This technology significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of locally acting drugs in vitro and in vivo. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are useful molecular targets as they are overexpressed in glioblastoma, head-and-neck cancer, bladder cancer, and other malignancies. Here, we examined the possibility of using internalizable anti-EGFR affibody as an EGFR-targeting MNT module for drug transport into the cancer cell nuclei. It binds to both murine and human EGFR facilitating preclinical studies. We showed that MNT with affibody on the N-terminus (MNTN-affibody) effectively delivered the Auger electron emitter 111In to target cell nuclei and had pronounced cytotoxic efficacy against EGFR-overexpressing human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Using EGFR-expressing human adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, we demonstrated that in contrast to MNT with N-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF), MNTN-affibody and MNT with EGF on the C-terminus did not stimulate cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Karyagina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Lupanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Khramtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii P Georgiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Chen W, Shen B, Sun X. Analysis of Progress and Challenges of EGFR-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cancer With a Focus on Affibody Molecules. Mol Imaging 2019; 18:1536012118823473. [PMID: 30799684 PMCID: PMC6348515 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118823473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy requires an accurate estimation of EGFR expression in tumors to identify responsive patients, monitor therapeutic effect, and estimate prognosis. The EGFR molecular imaging is an optimal method for evaluating EGFR expression in vivo accurately and noninvasively. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in EGFR-targeted molecular imaging in cancer, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, Affibody, and small molecules. Each substrate or probe, whether it is an endogenous ligand, antibody, peptide, or small molecule labeled with fluorochrome or radionuclide, has unique advantages and limitations. Antibody-based probes have high affinity but a long metabolic cycle and therefore offer poor imaging quality. Affibody molecules promise to surpass antibody-based probes due to their small size, stable chemical properties, and high affinity to the target. Small-molecule probes are safe, have favorable pharmacokinetics, and show high affinity and specificity, in addition to having an ideal size, but are inadequate for delayed imaging after injection due to their fast clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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8
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Debie P, Hernot S. Emerging Fluorescent Molecular Tracers to Guide Intra-Operative Surgical Decision-Making. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31139085 PMCID: PMC6527780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an emerging technology that can provide real-time information about the operating field during cancer surgery. Non-specific fluorescent agents, used for the assessment of blood flow and sentinel lymph node detection, have so far dominated this field. However, over the last decade, several clinical studies have demonstrated the great potential of targeted fluorescent tracers to visualize tumor lesions in a more specific way. This has led to an exponential growth in the development of novel molecular fluorescent contrast agents. In this review, the design of fluorescent molecular tracers will be discussed, with particular attention for agents and approaches that are of interest for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for in vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Miao Q, Pu K. Organic Semiconducting Agents for Deep-Tissue Molecular Imaging: Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence, Self-Luminescence, and Photoacoustics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801778. [PMID: 30058244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has played a pivotal role in biology and medicine, but it faces challenges of relatively low tissue penetration and poor signal-to-background ratio due to light scattering and tissue autofluorescence. To overcome these issues, second near-infrared fluorescence, self-luminescence, and photoacoustic imaging have recently emerged, which utilize an optical region with reduced light-tissue interactions, eliminate real-time light excitation, and detect acoustic signals with negligible attenuation, respectively. Because there are only a few endogenous molecules absorbing or emitting above the visible region, development of contrast agents is essential for those deep-tissue optical imaging modalities. Organic semiconducting agents with π-conjugated frameworks can be synthesized to meet different optical imaging requirements due to their easy chemical modification and legible structure-property relation. Herein, the deep-tissue optical imaging applications of organic semiconducting agents including small-molecule agents and nanoparticle derivatives are summarized. In particular, the molecular engineering and nanoformulation approaches to further improve the tissue penetration and detection sensitivity of these optical imaging modalities are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities in this emerging subfield of biomedical imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhao N, Qin Y, Wu F, Xu Z, Lan T, Cheng Z, Zhao P, Liu H. Affibody-functionalized Ag 2S quantum dots for photoacoustic imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressed tumors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16581-16590. [PMID: 30151510 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new and attractive imaging modality, and it has strong potential for application in the early detection of tumors through the use of optically absorbing targeted contrast agents. Ag2S quantum dots (QD) are a promising bionanomaterial and have attracted significant attention in the field of bioimaging. In this study, water-soluble and carboxylic acid group-coated Ag2S QDs with an ultrasmall size (∼8 nm) were synthesized via a one-step method. Their surface plasmon resonance wavelength was determined to be ∼800 nm, which is ideal for PAI. Ag2S QDs were then modified with the epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) targeted small protein affibody ZEGFR:1907. The resulted nanoprobe, ZEGFR:1907-Ag2S QDs, was then used for targeted PAI of EGFR-overexpressed tumors. The biodistribution of the nanoprobe was further measured by ex vivo near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of the dissected tissues. The PAI results showed that ZEGFR:1907-Ag2S QDs specifically image EGFR positive tumors. The biodistribution study revealed that the nanoprobe mainly accumulated in the liver, spleen and tumors; tissue H&E staining studies indicated that the probe has good biocompatibility. Overall, the affibody-functionalized Ag2S QDs are a novel targeted nanoprobe that can be used for specific PAI of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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11
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The role of tumor DNA as a diagnostic tool for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 55:1-7. [PMID: 30082187 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. However, despite advances in cancer care globally there has been little progress in HNSCC, with survival remaining static and slightly worse in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with 5 year survivals remaining at ∼50%. Conventional analysis of tissue through cytopathology or histopathology are the mainstay of diagnosis. Furthermore there are no useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis or surveillance. With recent technological advances, particularly in next generation sequencing, here we explore the application of tumor DNA for HNSCC diagnosis and surveillance, to improve surgical margin analysis and the potential use of molecular agents aiding in the imaging of HNSCC.
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13
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Zhang RR, Schroeder AB, Grudzinski JJ, Rosenthal EL, Warram JM, Pinchuk AN, Eliceiri KW, Kuo JS, Weichert JP. Beyond the margins: real-time detection of cancer using targeted fluorophores. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:347-364. [PMID: 28094261 PMCID: PMC5683405 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, synergistic innovations in imaging technology have resulted in a revolution in which a range of biomedical applications are now benefiting from fluorescence imaging. Specifically, advances in fluorophore chemistry and imaging hardware, and the identification of targetable biomarkers have now positioned intraoperative fluorescence as a highly specific real-time detection modality for surgeons in oncology. In particular, the deeper tissue penetration and limited autofluorescence of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging improves the translational potential of this modality over visible-light fluorescence imaging. Rapid developments in fluorophores with improved characteristics, detection instrumentation, and targeting strategies led to the clinical testing in the early 2010s of the first targeted NIR fluorophores for intraoperative cancer detection. The foundations for the advances that underline this technology continue to be nurtured by the multidisciplinary collaboration of chemists, biologists, engineers, and clinicians. In this Review, we highlight the latest developments in NIR fluorophores, cancer-targeting strategies, and detection instrumentation for intraoperative cancer detection, and consider the unique challenges associated with their effective application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray R Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Alexandra B Schroeder
- Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford Cancer Center, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Anatoly N Pinchuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, UW-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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14
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Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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15
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Antaris AL, Chen H, Cheng K, Sun Y, Hong G, Qu C, Diao S, Deng Z, Hu X, Zhang B, Zhang X, Yaghi OK, Alamparambil ZR, Hong X, Cheng Z, Dai H. A small-molecule dye for NIR-II imaging. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:235-42. [PMID: 26595119 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent imaging of biological systems in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) can probe tissue at centimetre depths and achieve micrometre-scale resolution at depths of millimetres. Unfortunately, all current NIR-II fluorophores are excreted slowly and are largely retained within the reticuloendothelial system, making clinical translation nearly impossible. Here, we report a rapidly excreted NIR-II fluorophore (∼90% excreted through the kidneys within 24 h) based on a synthetic 970-Da organic molecule (CH1055). The fluorophore outperformed indocyanine green (ICG)-a clinically approved NIR-I dye-in resolving mouse lymphatic vasculature and sentinel lymphatic mapping near a tumour. High levels of uptake of PEGylated-CH1055 dye were observed in brain tumours in mice, suggesting that the dye was detected at a depth of ∼4 mm. The CH1055 dye also allowed targeted molecular imaging of tumours in vivo when conjugated with anti-EGFR Affibody. Moreover, a superior tumour-to-background signal ratio allowed precise image-guided tumour-removal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Antaris
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California 94305-5344, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California 94305-5344, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Chunrong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Omar K Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California 94305-5344, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
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16
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Fontenot KR, Ongarora BG, LeBlanc LE, Zhou Z, Jois SD, Vicente MGH. Targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor with mesoporphyrin IX-peptide conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016; 20:352-366. [PMID: 27738394 PMCID: PMC5058426 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro evaluation of four mesoporphyrin IX-peptide conjugates designed to target EGFR, over-expressed in colorectal and other cancers, are reported. Two peptides with known affinity for EGFR, LARLLT (1) and GYHWYGYTPQNVI (2), were conjugated to mesoporphyrin IX (MPIX, 3) via one or both the propionic side chains, directly (4, 5) or with a triethylene glycol spacer (7, 8). The conjugates were characterized using NMR, MS, CD, SPR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Energy minimization and molecular dynamics suggest different conformations for the conjugates. SPR studies show that conjugate 4, bearing two LARLLT with no PEG spacers, has the greatest affinity for binding to EGFR, followed by conjugate 7 with two PEG and two LARLLT sequences. Molecular modeling and docking studies suggest that both conjugates 4 and 7 can bind to monomer and dimer EGFR in open and closed conformations. The cytotoxicity and cellular targeting ability of the conjugates were investigated in human HEp2 cells over-expressing EGFR. All conjugates showed low dark- and photo-toxicities. The cellular uptake was highest for conjugates 4 and 8 and lowest for 7 bearing two LARLLT linked via PEG groups, likely due to decreased hydrophobicity. Among the conjugates investigated 4 is the most efficient EGFR-targeting agent, and therefore the most promising for the detection of cancers that over-express EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal R. Fontenot
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Benson G. Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Logan E. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- University of Louisiana at Monroe, School of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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17
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Ilkhani H, Sarparast M, Noori A, Zahra Bathaie S, Mousavi MF. Electrochemical aptamer/antibody based sandwich immunosensor for the detection of EGFR, a cancer biomarker, using gold nanoparticles as a signaling probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:491-7. [PMID: 26176209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in biological fluids is of paramount importance, since it has significant application in cancer diagnosis, drug development, and therapy monitoring. EGFR is a cancer biomarker, and its overexpression is associated with the development of some types of cancer. Herein, we report on the development of a sensitive and selective electrochemical aptamer/antibody (Apt/Ab) sandwich immunosensor for detection of EGFR. In this study, a biotinylated anti-human EGFR Apt was immobilized on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (MB) and served as a capture probe. A polyclonal anti-human EGFR Ab was conjugated to citrate-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and used as a signaling probe. In the presence of EGFR, an Apt-EGFR-Ab sandwich was formed on the MB surface. The extent of the complexation was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry of AuNPs after their dissolution in HCl. Under optimal conditions, the dynamic concentration range of the immunosensor for EGFR spanned from 1 to 40 ng/mL, with a low detection limit of 50 pg/mL, and RSD percent of less than 4.2%. The proposed approach takes advantage of sandwich assay for high specificity, MBs for fast separation, and electrochemical method for cost-effective and sensitive detection. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the potential clinical efficacy of the immunosensor for monitoring of chemotherapy effectiveness in breast cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Ilkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Noori
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir F Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran.
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18
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Shrivastava A, Ding H, Kothandaraman S, Wang SH, Gong L, Williams M, Milum K, Zhang S, Tweedle MF. A high-affinity near-infrared fluorescent probe to target bombesin receptors. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:661-9. [PMID: 24604209 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to create new optical surgical navigation NIRF probes for prostate and breast cancers. PROCEDURES IR800-linker-QWAVGHLM-NH2 with linker = GSG, GGG, and G-Abz4 were synthesized and characterized. IC50 for bombesin receptors (BBN-R) in PC-3 prostate and T47D breast cancer cells, fluorescence microscopy in PC-3 cells, and NIRF imaging in mice PC-3 tumor xenografts were studied. RESULTS GGG, GSG, and G-Abz4 derivatives had IC50 (nM) for BBN-R+ PC-3 cells = 187 ± 31, 56 ± 5, and 2.6 ± 0.2 and T47D cells = 383 ± 1, 57.4 ± 1.2, and 3.1 ± 1.1, respectively. By microscopy the Abz4 derivative showed the highest uptake, was competed with by BBN, and had little to no binding to BBN-R- cells. In NIRF imaging the G-Abz4 probe was brighter than GGG probe in BBN-R+ tissues in vivo and tissues, tumors, and tumor slices ex vivo. Uptake could be partially blocked in BBN-R+ pancreas but not visibly in tumor. CONCLUSIONS Linker choice can dominate peptidic BBN-R binding. The G-Abz4 linker yields a higher affinity and specific BBN-R binder in this series of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Shrivastava
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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19
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Hu X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Qin C, Cheng K, Robinson W, Gray BD, Pak KY, Yu A, Cheng Z. Optical imaging of articular cartilage degeneration using near-infrared dipicolylamine probes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7511-21. [PMID: 24912814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is the hydrated tissue that lines the ends of long bones in load bearing joints and provides joints with a smooth, nearly frictionless gliding surface. However, the deterioration of articular cartilage occurs in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) and is clinically and radiographically silent. Here two cationic near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dipicolylamine (DPA) probes, Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn, were prepared for cartilage degeneration imaging and OA early detection through binding to the anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The feasibility of NIRF dye labeled DPA-Zn probes for cartilage degeneration imaging was examined ex vivo and in vivo. The ex vivo studies showed that Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn not only showed the high uptake and electrostatic attractive binding to cartilage, but also sensitively reflected the change of GAGs contents. In vivo imaging study further indicated that Cy5-DPA-Zn demonstrated higher uptake and retention in young mice (high GAGs) than old mice (low GAGs) when administrated via local injection in mouse knee joints. More importantly, Cy5-DPA-Zn showed dramatic higher signals in sham joint (high GAGs) than OA side (low GAGs), through sensitive reflecting the change of GAGs in the surgical induced OA models. In summary, Cy5-DPA-Zn provides promising visual detection for early cartilage pathological degeneration in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Wang Y, Miao Z, Ren G, Xu Y, Cheng Z. A novel Affibody bioconjugate for dual-modality imaging of ovarian cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12832-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An Affibody based dual imaging probe (PET and optical imaging) has been successfully developed. Dendrimer PAMAM G0 was used as a platform to assemble an NIRF dye, a metal chelator, and Affibody for dual modality imaging of ovarian cancer. Excellent tumor imaging quality was achieved in both modalities in the living tumor mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
| | - Zheng Miao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford University
- , USA
| | - Gang Ren
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford University
- , USA
| | - Yingding Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford University
- , USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS)
- Bio-X Program
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford University
- , USA
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21
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Warden-Rothman R, Caturegli I, Popik V, Tsourkas A. Sortase-tag expressed protein ligation: combining protein purification and site-specific bioconjugation into a single step. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11090-7. [PMID: 24111659 PMCID: PMC3843242 DOI: 10.1021/ac402871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient labeling of protein-based targeting ligands with various cargos (drugs, imaging agents, nanoparticles, etc.) is essential to the fields of molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics. Many common bioconjugation techniques, however, are inefficient, nonstoichiometric, not site-specific, and/or incompatible with certain classes of protein scaffolds. Additionally, these techniques can result in a mixture of conjugated and unconjugated products, which are often difficult to separate. In this study, a bacterial sortase enzyme was utilized to condense targeting ligand purification and site-specific conjugation at the C-terminus into a single step. A model was produced to determine optimal reaction conditions for high conjugate purity and efficient utilization of cargo. As proof-of-principle, the sortase-tag expressed protein ligation (STEPL) technique was used to generate tumor-specific affinity ligands with fluorescent labels and/or azide modifications at high purity (>95%) such that it was not necessary to remove unconjugated impurities. Click chemistry was then used for the highly efficient and site-specific attachment of the azide-modified targeting ligands onto nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Caturegli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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22
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Hydrophobic fluorescent probes introduce artifacts into single molecule tracking experiments due to non-specific binding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74200. [PMID: 24066121 PMCID: PMC3774629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques are powerful tools to investigate the structure and dynamics of macromolecular complexes; however, data quality can suffer because of weak specific signal, background noise and dye bleaching and blinking. It is less well-known, but equally important, that non-specific binding of probe to substrates results in a large number of immobile fluorescent molecules, introducing significant artifacts in live cell experiments. Following from our previous work in which we investigated glass coating substrates and demonstrated that the main contribution to this non-specific probe adhesion comes from the dye, we carried out a systematic investigation of how different dye chemistries influence the behaviour of spectrally similar fluorescent probes. Single-molecule brightness, bleaching and probe mobility on the surface of live breast cancer cells cultured on a non-adhesive substrate were assessed for anti-EGFR affibody conjugates with 14 different dyes from 5 different manufacturers, belonging to 3 spectrally homogeneous bands (491 nm, 561 nm and 638 nm laser lines excitation). Our results indicate that, as well as influencing their photophysical properties, dye chemistry has a strong influence on the propensity of dye-protein conjugates to adhere non-specifically to the substrate. In particular, hydrophobicity has a strong influence on interactions with the substrate, with hydrophobic dyes showing much greater levels of binding. Crucially, high levels of non-specific substrate binding result in calculated diffusion coefficients significantly lower than the true values. We conclude that the physic-chemical properties of the dyes should be considered carefully when planning single-molecule experiments. Favourable dye characteristics such as photostability and brightness can be offset by the propensity of a conjugate for non-specific adhesion.
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23
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Molecular imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with epidermal growth factor receptor targeted affibody probes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:759057. [PMID: 23710458 PMCID: PMC3654646 DOI: 10.1155/2013/759057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer. It is typically asymptomatic at the early stage, with only 10%–20% of HCC patients being diagnosed early enough for appropriate surgical treatment. The delayed diagnosis of HCC is associated with limited treatment options and much lower survival rates. Therefore, the early and accurate detection of HCC is crucial to improve its currently dismal prognosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to be involved in HCC tumorigenesis and to represent an attractive target for HCC imaging and therapy. In this study, an affibody molecule, Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907, targeting the extracellular domain of EGFR, was used for the first time to assess its potential to detect HCC xenografts. By evaluating radio- or fluorescent-labeled Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 as a probe for positron emission tomography (PET) or optical imaging of HCC, subcutaneous EGFR-positive HCC xenografts were found to be successfully imaged by the PET probe. Thus, affibody-based PET imaging of EGFR provides a promising approach for detecting HCC in vivo.
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24
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Meng Q, Li Z. Molecular imaging probes for diagnosis and therapy evaluation of breast cancer. Int J Biomed Imaging 2013; 2013:230487. [PMID: 23533377 PMCID: PMC3600346 DOI: 10.1155/2013/230487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women where early detection and accurate assessment of therapy response can improve clinical outcomes. Molecular imaging, which includes PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical modalities, provides noninvasive means of detecting biological processes and molecular events in vivo. Molecular imaging has the potential to enhance our understanding of breast cancer biology and effects of drug action during both preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. This has led to the identification of many molecular imaging probes for key processes in breast cancer. Hormone receptors, growth factor receptor, and angiogenic factors, such as ER, PR, HER2, and VEGFR, have been adopted as imaging targets to detect and stage the breast cancer and to monitor the treatment efficacy. Receptor imaging probes are usually composed of targeting moiety attached to a signaling component such as a radionuclide that can be detected using dedicated instruments. Current molecular imaging probes involved in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy evaluation are reviewed, and future of molecular imaging for the preclinical and clinical is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Meng
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Yang M, Cheng K, Qi S, Liu H, Jiang Y, Jiang H, Li J, Chen K, Zhang H, Cheng Z. Affibody modified and radiolabeled gold-iron oxide hetero-nanostructures for tumor PET, optical and MR imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2796-806. [PMID: 23343632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly monodispersed hetero-nanostructure with two different functional nanomaterials (gold (Au) and iron oxide (Fe(3)O(4,) IO)) within one structure was successfully developed as Affibody based trimodality nanoprobe (positron emission tomography, PET; optical imaging; and magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) for imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive tumors. Unlike other regular nanostructures with a single component, the Au-IO hetero-nanostructures (Au-IONPs) with unique chemical and physical properties have capability to combine several imaging modalities together to provide complementary information. The IO component within hetero-nanostructures serve as a T(2) reporter for MRI; and gold component serve as both optical and PET reporters. Moreover, such hetero-nanoprobes could provide a robust nano-platform for surface-specific modification with both targeting molecules (anti-EGFR Affibody protein) and PET imaging reporters (radiometal (64)Cu chelators) in highly efficient and reliable manner. In vitro and in vivo study showed that the resultant nanoprobe provided high specificity, sensitivity, and excellent tumor contrast for both PET and MRI imaging in the human EGFR-expressing cells and tumors. Our study data also highlighted the EGFR targeting efficiency of hetero-nanoparticles and the feasibility for their further theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Carcinoembryonic antigen is the preferred biomarker for in vivo colorectal cancer targeting. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:662-7. [PMID: 23322207 PMCID: PMC3593555 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer-specific biomarkers have been used as molecular targets for fluorescent intra-operative imaging, targeted PET/MRI, and selective cytotoxic drug delivery yet the selection of biomarkers used is rarely evidence-based. We evaluated sensitivities and specificites of four of the most commonly used markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumour-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72), folate receptor-α (FRα) and Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods: Marker expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively in matched mucosal and colorectal cancer tissues from 280 patients using immunohistochemistry (scores of 0–15). Matched positive and negative lymph nodes from 18 patients were also examined. Results: Markers were more highly expressed in tumour tissue than in matched normal tissue in 98.8%, 79.0%, 37.1% and 32.8% of cases for CEA, TAG-72, FRα and EGFR, respectively. Carcinoembryonic antigen showed the greatest differential expression, with tumours scoring a mean of 10.8 points higher than normal tissues (95% CI 10.31–11.21, P<0.001). Similarly, CEA showed the greatest differential expression between positive and negative lymph nodes. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed CEA to have the best sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (96.1%) for colorectal cancer detection. Conclusion: Carcinoembryonic antigen has the greatest potential to allow highly specific tumour imaging and drug delivery; future translational research should aim to exploit this.
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Vollrath A, Schubert S, Schubert US. Fluorescence imaging of cancer tissue based on metal-free polymeric nanoparticles – a review. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1994-2007. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Miyake Y, Wang X, Amasaka M, Itto K, Xu S, Arimoto H, Fujii H, Hirata H. Simultaneous Imaging of an Enantiomer Pair by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Using Isotopic Nitrogen Labeling. Anal Chem 2012; 85:985-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302710m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyake
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics,
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
060-0814, Japan
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Amasaka
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics,
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
060-0814, Japan
| | - Kaori Itto
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Xu
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arimoto
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai
980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotada Fujii
- Department
of Arts and Sciences, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo
060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics,
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
060-0814, Japan
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