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Stump B. Click Bioconjugation - Modifying Proteins using Click-Like Chemistry. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200016. [PMID: 35491526 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is dealing with the chemical modification of proteins. The reactions used exploit either the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the biomolecule or introduce functionalities that can then be subsequently reacted without interfering with other functional groups of the biological entity. Perfectly selective, high yielding chemical transformations are needed that can be run in aqueous environment at mild pH conditions. Requirements that have an obvious overlap with the definition of click chemistry. This review shows a selection of successfully applied click-type reactions in bioconjugation as well as some recent developments to broaden the chemical toolbox to meet the challenge of a selective, bioorthogonal modification of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Stump
- Lonza AG: Lonza Ltd, Bioconjugates, Rottenstr, 3930, Visp, SWITZERLAND
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2
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Della Ventura B, Banchelli M, Funari R, Illiano A, De Angelis M, Taroni P, Amoresano A, Matteini P, Velotta R. Biosensor surface functionalization by a simple photochemical immobilization of antibodies: experimental characterization by mass spectrometry and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2020; 144:6871-6880. [PMID: 31686068 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is a key step in biosensing since it is the basis of an effective analyte recognition. Among all the bioreceptors, antibodies (Abs) play a key role thanks to their superior specificity, although the available immobilization strategies suffer from several drawbacks. When gold is the interacting surface, the recently introduced Photochemical Immobilization Technique (PIT) has been shown to be a quick, easy-to-use and very effective method to tether Abs oriented upright by means of thiols produced via tryptophan mediated disulphide bridge reduction. Although the molecular mechanism of this process is quite well identified, the detailed morphology of the immobilized antibodies is still elusive due to inherent difficulties related to the microscopy imaging of Abs. The combination of Mass Spectrometry, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Ellman's assay demonstrates that Abs irradiated under the conditions in which PIT is realized show only two effective disulphide bridges available for binding. They are located in the constant region of the immunoglobulin light chain so that the most likely position Ab assumes is side-on, i.e. with one Fab (i.e. the antigen binding portion of the antibody) exposed to the solution. This is not a limitation of the recognition efficiency in view of the intrinsic flexibility of the Ab structure, which makes the free Fab able to sway in the solution, a feature of great importance in many biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 - Milano, Italy
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Gao F, Zhou F, Chen S, Yao Y, Wu J, Yin D, Geng D, Wang P. Proximity hybridization triggered rolling-circle amplification for sensitive electrochemical homogeneous immunoassay. Analyst 2018; 142:4308-4316. [PMID: 29053159 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new homogeneous electrochemical immunoassay strategy was developed for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on target-induced proximity hybridization coupled with rolling circle amplification (RCA). The immobilization-free detection of CEA was realized by the use of an uncharged peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe labeled with ferrocene (Fc) as the electroactive indicator on a negatively charged indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In the presence of a target protein and two DNA-labeled antibodies, the proximate complex formed in homogeneous solution could unfold the molecular beacon, and a part of the unfolded molecular beacon as a primer hybridized with the RCA template to initiate the RCA process. Subsequently, the detection probe modified Fc (Fc-PNAs) hybridized with the long amplified DNA products. The consumption of freely diffusible Fc-PNAs (neutrally charged) resulted in a significant reduction of the Fc signal due to the fact that long amplified DNA/Fc-PNA products were electrostatically repelled from the ITO electrode surface. The reduction of the electrochemical signal (signal-off) could indirectly provide the CEA concentration. Under the optimal conditions, CEA detection was implemented in a wide range from 1 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1, with a low detection limit of 0.49 pg mL-1. The proposed strategy exhibited advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, acceptable accuracy, and favorable versatility of analytes. Moreover, the practical application value of the system was confirmed by the assay of CEA in human serums with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China.
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Mass spectrometry characterization of DOTA-Nimotuzumab conjugate as precursor of an innovative β − tracer suitable in radio-guided surgery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ismail NF, Lim TS. Site-specific scFv labelling with invertase via Sortase A mechanism as a platform for antibody-antigen detection using the personal glucose meter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19338. [PMID: 26782912 PMCID: PMC4726117 DOI: 10.1038/srep19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody labelling to reporter molecules is gaining popularity due to its many potential applications for diagnostics and therapeutics. However, non-directional bioconjugation methods which are commonly used often results in the loss of target binding capabilities. Therefore, a site-specific enzymatic based bioconjugation such as sortase-mediated transpeptidation allows for a more rapid and efficient method of antibody conjugation for diagnostic applications. Here we describe the utilization of sortase A bioconjugation to conjugate a single chain fragment variable (scFv) to the extracellular invertase (invB) from Zymomonas mobilis with the aim of developing an invertase based immunoassay. In addition, conjugation to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was also validated to show the flexibility of the method. The invertase conjugated complex was successfully applied for the detection of antibody-antigen interaction using a personal glucose meter (PGM) for assay readout. The setup was used in both a direct and competitive assay highlighting the robustness of the conjugate for assay development. The method provides an alternative conjugation process to allow easy exchange of antibodies to facilitate rapid development of diagnostic assays for various diseases on the PGM platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Faezee Ismail
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Hou L, Tang Y, Xu M, Gao Z, Tang D. Tyramine-Based Enzymatic Conjugate Repeats for Ultrasensitive Immunoassay Accompanying Tyramine Signal Amplification with Enzymatic Biocatalytic Precipitation. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8352-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501898t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yun Tang
- Chongqing Bashu Secondary School (Luneng), Chongqing 400025, P.R. China
| | - Mingdi Xu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangqiang Gao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Dianping Tang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
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Farias SE, Strop P, Delaria K, Galindo Casas M, Dorywalska M, Shelton DL, Pons J, Rajpal A. Mass spectrometric characterization of transglutaminase based site-specific antibody-drug conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:240-50. [PMID: 24359082 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are becoming an important new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. ADCs are produced through the linkage of a cytotoxic small molecule (drug) to monoclonal antibodies that target tumor cells. Traditionally, most ADCs rely on chemical conjugation methods that yield heterogeneous mixtures of varying number of drugs attached at different positions. The potential benefits of site-specific drug conjugation in terms of stability, manufacturing, and improved therapeutic index has recently led to the development of several new site-specific conjugation technologies. However, detailed characterization of the degree of site specificity is currently lacking. In this study we utilize mass spectrometry to characterize the extent of site-specificity of an enzyme-based site-specific antibody-drug conjugation technology that we recently developed. We found that, in addition to conjugation of the engineered site, a small amount of aglycosylated antibody present in starting material led to conjugation at position Q295, resulting in approximately 1.3% of off-target conjugation. Based on our detection limits, we show that Q295N mutant eliminates the off-target conjugation yielding highly homogeneous conjugates that are better than 99.8% site-specific. Our study demonstrates the importance of detailed characterization of ADCs and describes methods that can be utilized to characterize not only our enzyme based conjugates, but also ADCs generated by other conjugation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E Farias
- Rinat-Pfizer Inc. , 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Hinterwirth H, Stübiger G, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Anti-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Antibodies for Targeted Lipidomics of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8376-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Hinterwirth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090
Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Stübiger
- Center
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße
17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090
Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Fu X, Huang R, Wang J, Chang B. Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of a biomarker based on biotin-avidin conjugated DNAzyme concatamer with signal tagging. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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