Labeling deoxyadenosine for the preparation of functional conjugated oligonucleotides

Steroid-triazole conjugates: A brief overview of synthesis and their application as anticancer agents

Steroids are biomolecules that play pivotal roles in various physiological and drug discovery processes. Abundant research has been fuelled towards steroid-heterocycles conjugates over the last few decades as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases especially as anticancer agents. In this context various steroid-triazole conjugates have been synthesized and studied for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. A thorough search of the literatures revealed that a concise review pertaining the present topic is not compiled. Therefore, in thus review we summarize the synthesis, anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines and structure activity relationship (SAR) of various steroid-triazole conjugates. This review can lay down the path towards the development of various steroid-heterocycles conjugates with lesser side effects and profound efficacy.

NO Photoreleaser-Deoxyadenosine and -Bile Acid Derivative Bioconjugates as Novel Potential Photochemotherapeutics

This contribution reports the synthesis of some novel bioconjugates with anticancer activity and able to release nitric oxide (NO) under visible light excitation. The 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline derivative, a suitable NO photodonor, was conjugated with 2'-deoxyadenosine and urso- and cheno-deoxycholic acid derivatives, through a thioalkylic chain or the 4-alkyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety. Photochemical experiments demonstrated the effective release of NO from 2'-deoxyadenosine and ursodeoxycholic acid conjugates under the exclusive control of visible light inputs. Studies for the in vitro antiproliferative activity against leukemic K562 and colon carcinoma HCT116 cell lines are reported for all the compounds as well as a case study of photocytotoxicity against HCT116.

1-Phenylethynylpyrene (PEPy) as a novel blue-emitting dye for qPCR assay

An alkyl azide derivative of 1-phenylethynylpyrene (PEPy) dye was prepared and used in the functionalization of oligonucleotides via click chemistry. Spectral and photo-physical properties of the PEPy-modified oligonucleotides as a single strand, and in perfect or mismatched duplexes, have been studied. A series of PEPy-Dabcyl fluorogenic TaqMan probes were synthesized and tested in qPCR. PEPy proved to be a superior substitute for AMCA as a short wavelength fluorescent dye for qPCR probes. PEPy probes were shown to significantly reduce Cq (a fractional PCR cycle used for quantification) vs. AMCA labeled probes, thus improving on the reliability of detection. Moreover, a larger increase of fluorescence during amplification was observed in the case of PEPy probes that makes this dye very suitable for an end-point PCR technique. This study broadens the panel of fluorescent dyes suitable for the use in probes for quantitative real-time PCR.

Gold-nanoparticle extraction and reversed-electrode-polarity stacking mode combined to enhance capillary electrophoresis sensitivity for conjugated nucleosides and oligonucleotides containing thioether linkers

We present a capillary electrophoresis method for determining two different C8-conjugated deoxyadenosines, and for oligonucleotides containing them, in which a psoralen or an acridine molecule is bonded to the base via a short alkyl chain containing sulfur ethers at both ends. The sensitivity of the micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was increased by using two preconcentration techniques, micro solid-phase extraction (μSPE) followed by reversed-electrode-polarity stacking mode (REPSM). Variables that affect the efficiency of the extraction in μSPE and preconcentration by REPSM, including the type and volume of extraction nanoparticle, concentration, and injection time, were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors obtained were in the range 360-400. The limits of detection (LODs) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 ranged from 2 to 5 nmol L(-1). The relative recoveries of labelled adenosines from water samples were 95-103%. The proposed method provided high enrichment factors and good precision and accuracy with a short analysis time. On the basis of the advantages of simplicity, high selectivity, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility, the proposed method may have great potential for biochemical applications.