1
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Lo CF, Chiu TY, Liu YT, Pan PY, Liu KL, Hsu CY, Fang MY, Huang YC, Yeh TK, Hsu TA, Chen CT, Huang LR, Tsou LK. Targeting the Phosphatidylserine-Immune Checkpoint with a Small-Molecule Maytansinoid Conjugate. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12802-12824. [PMID: 36153998 PMCID: PMC9574934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Ligand-targeting drug delivery systems have made significant
strides
for disease treatments with numerous clinical approvals in this era
of precision medicine. Herein, we report a class of small molecule-based
immune checkpoint-targeting maytansinoid conjugates. From the ligand
targeting ability, pharmacokinetics profiling, in vivo anti-pancreatic cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and sorafenib-resistant
liver cancer efficacies with quantitative mRNA analysis of treated-tumor
tissues, we demonstrated that conjugate 40a not only
induced lasting regression of tumor growth, but it also rejuvenated
the once immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an “inflamed
hot tumor” with significant elevation of gene expressions that
were not accessible in the vehicle-treated tumor. In turn, the immune
checkpoint-targeting small molecule drug conjugate from this work
represents a new pharmacodelivery strategy that can be expanded with
combination therapy with existing immune-oncology treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fu Lo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tzu Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yun Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Liang Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yu Fang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lun Kelvin Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Kumar N, Roopa, Bhalla V, Kumar M. Beyond zinc coordination: Bioimaging applications of Zn(II)-complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Abstract
One major characteristic of programmed cell death (apoptosis) results in the increased expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of dying cells. Consequently, PS represents an excellent target for non-invasive imaging of apoptosis by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Annexin V is a 36 kDa protein which binds with high affinity to PS in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This makes radiolabeled annexins valuable apoptosis imaging agents for clinical and biomedical research applications for monitoring apoptosis in vivo. However, the use of radiolabeled annexin V for in vivo imaging of cell death has been met with a variety of challenges which have prevented its translation into the clinic. These difficulties include: complicated and time-consuming radiolabeling procedures, sub-optimal biodistribution, inadequate pharmacokinetics leading to poor tumour-to-blood contrast ratios, reliance upon Ca2+ concentrations in vivo, low tumor tissue penetration, and an incomplete understanding of what constitutes the best imaging protocol following induction of apoptosis. Therefore, new concepts and improved strategies for the development of PS-binding radiotracers are needed. Radiolabeled PS-binding peptides and various Zn(II) complexes as phosphate chemosensors offer an innovative strategy for radionuclide-based molecular imaging of apoptosis with PET and SPECT. Radiolabeled peptides and Zn(II) complexes provide several advantages over annexin V including better pharmacokinetics due to their smaller size, better availability, simpler synthesis and radiolabeling strategies as well as facilitated tissue penetration due to their smaller size and faster blood clearance profile allowing for optimized image contrast. In addition, peptides can be structurally modified to improve metabolic stability along with other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The present review will summarize the current status of radiolabeled annexins, peptides and Zn(II) complexes developed as radiotracers for imaging apoptosis through targeting PS utilizing PET and SPECT imaging.
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4
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Zhang D, Jin Q, Jiang C, Gao M, Ni Y, Zhang J. Imaging Cell Death: Focus on Early Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1025-1051. [PMID: 32150392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a prominent role in the treatment of cancer, because most anticancer therapies act by the induction of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and other pathways of cell death. Imaging cell death helps to identify treatment responders from nonresponders and thus enables patient-tailored therapy, which will increase the likelihood of treatment response and ultimately lead to improved patient survival. By taking advantage of molecular probes that specifically target the biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death, cell death imaging can be successfully achieved. In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of cell death, a variety of well-defined biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death have been identified. By targeting these established cell death biomarkers/biochemical processes, a set of molecular imaging probes have been developed and evaluated for early monitoring treatment response in tumors. In this review, we mainly present the recent advances in identifying useful biomarkers/biochemical processes for both apoptosis and necrosis imaging and in developing molecular imaging probes targeting these biomarkers/biochemical processes, with a focus on their application in early evaluation of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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5
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Jiang JQ, Chanseau C, Alves ID, Nlate S, Durrieu MC. Dendron-Functionalized Surface: Efficient Strategy for Enhancing the Capture of Microvesicles. iScience 2019; 21:110-123. [PMID: 31655252 PMCID: PMC6820240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are used by various types of cells in the human body for intercellular communication, making them biomarkers of great potential for the early and non-evasive diagnosis of a spectrum of diseases. An integrated analysis including morphological, quantitative, and compositional studies is most desirable for the clinical application of MV detection; however, such integration is limited by the currently available analysis techniques. In this context, exploiting the phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of MVs, we synthesized a series of dendritic molecules with PS-binding sites at the periphery. PS-dendron binding was studied at the molecular level using NMR approaches, whereas PS-containing membrane-dendron interaction was investigated in an aqueous environment using plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy. As a proof of concept, polyethylene terephthalate surface was functionalized with the synthetic dendrons, forming devices that can capture MVs to facilitate their subsequent analyses. Phosphatidylserine-dendron interaction studies with NMR techniques Lipid membrane binding enhancement using dendritic molecules Dendron-grafted material for effective MV capture
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiao Jiang
- Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Christel Chanseau
- Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Isabel D Alves
- Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Sylvain Nlate
- Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-Objets (UMR5248 CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; CNRS, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France; Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - Bât 14, Pessac 33600, France.
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6
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Li W, Gong X, Fan X, Yin S, Su D, Zhang X, Yuan L. Recent advances in molecular fluorescent probes for organic phosphate biomolecules recognition. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Aoki M, Odani A, Ogawa K. Development of radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complexes for cell death imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:317-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Jarvis TS, Roland FM, Dubiak KM, Huber PW, Smith BD. Time-lapse imaging of cell death in cell culture and whole living organisms using turn-on deep-red fluorescent probes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4963-4971. [PMID: 30858977 PMCID: PMC6407891 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a central process in developmental biology and also an important indicator of disease status and treatment efficacy. Two related fluorescent probes are described that are molecular conjugates of one or two zinc dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) coordination complexes with an appended solvatochromic benzothiazolium squaraine dye. The probes were designed to target the anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), that is exposed on the surface of dead and dying cells. A series of spectrometric and microscopy studies using liposomes and red blood cell ghosts as models showed that the probe with two ZnDPA targeting units produced higher affinity, stronger fluorescence "turn-on" effect, and better image contrast than the probe with one ZnDPA. Both fluorescent probes enabled "no-wash" time-lapse microscopic imaging of mammalian cell death within a culture. The probe with two ZnDPA units was used for non-invasive time-lapse imaging of cell death during the development of Xenopus laevis (frog) embryos. In vivo fluorescence micrographs revealed probe accumulation within the embryo tail, head and spine regions that were undergoing regression and apoptosis during growth and maturation. These new fluorescent probes are likely to be useful for time-resolved, non-invasive in vivo imaging of cell death process in range of living organisms. From a broader perspective, it should be possible to utilize the negative solvatochromism exhibited by benzothiazolium squaraine dyes for development of various "turn-on" deep-red fluorescent probes and materials that target cell surface biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia S. Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Felicia M. Roland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kyle M. Dubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul W. Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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9
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Shyshov O, Siewerth KA, von Delius M. Evidence for anion-binding of all-cis hexafluorocyclohexane in solution and solid state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4353-4355. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a solution NMR and X-ray crystallographic study on the anion affinity of all-cis 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane, which has only recently become synthetically accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
| | - Kevin Andre Siewerth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
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10
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Min KH, Kim YH, Wang Z, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim SH, Kim K, Kwon IC, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. Engineered Zn(II)-Dipicolylamine-Gold Nanorod Provides Effective Prostate Cancer Treatment by Combining siRNA Delivery and Photothermal Therapy. Theranostics 2017; 7:4240-4254. [PMID: 29158823 PMCID: PMC5695010 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination cancer treatment has emerged as a critical approach to achieve remarkable anticancer effect. In this study, we prepared a theranostic nanoformulation that allows for photoacoustic imaging as well as combination gene and photothermal therapy. Gold nanorods (GNR) were coated with dipicolyl amine (DPA), which forms stable complexes with Zn2+ cations. The resulting nanoparticles, Zn(II)/DPA-GNR, recognize phosphate-containing molecules, including siRNA, because of the specific interaction between Zn(II) and the phosphates. We chose anti-polo-like kinase 1 siRNA (siPLK) as our example for gene silencing. The strong complexation between Zn(II)/DPA-GNR and siPLK provided high stability to the nano-complexes, which efficiently delivered siRNA into the targeted cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The particle served as a theranostic agent because the GNRs of nano-complexes permitted effective photothermal therapy as well as photoacoustic imaging upon laser irradiation. This gene/photothermal combination therapy using siPLK/Zn(II)DPA-GNRs exhibited significant antitumor activity in a PC-3 tumor mouse model. The concept described in this work may be extended to the development of efficient delivery strategies for other polynucleotides as well as advanced anticancer therapy.
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11
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Shaw SK, Liu W, Brennan SP, de Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola M, Smith BD. Non-Covalent Assembly Method that Simultaneously Endows a Liposome Surface with Targeting Ligands, Protective PEG Chains, and Deep-Red Fluorescence Reporter Groups. Chemistry 2017; 23:12646-12654. [PMID: 28736857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new self-assembly method is used to rapidly functionalize the surface of liposomes without perturbing the membrane integrity or causing leakage of the aqueous contents. The key molecule is a cholesterol-squaraine-PEG conjugate with three important structural elements: a cholesterol membrane anchor, a fluorescent squaraine docking station that allows rapid and high-affinity macrocycle threading, and a long PEG-2000 chain to provide steric shielding of the decorated liposome. The two-step method involves spontaneous insertion of the conjugate into the outer leaflet of pre-formed liposomes followed by squaraine threading with a tetralactam macrocycle that has appended targeting ligands. A macrocycle with six carboxylates permitted immobilization of intact fluorescent liposomes on the surface of cationic polymer beads, whereas a macrocycle with six zinc(II)-dipicolylamine units enabled selective targeting of anionic membranes, including agglutination of bacteria in the presence of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN., 46545, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN., 46545, USA
| | - Seamus P Brennan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN., 46545, USA
| | | | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN., 46545, USA
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12
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Rice DR, de Lourdes Betancourt Mendiola M, Murillo-Solano C, Checkley LA, Ferdig MT, Pizarro JC, Smith BD. Antiplasmodial activity of targeted zinc(II)-dipicolylamine complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2754-2760. [PMID: 28377170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study measured the antiplasmodial activity of nine zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) complexes against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative parasite of malaria. Growth inhibition assays showed significant activity against all tested strains, with 50% inhibitory concentrations between 5 and 600nM and almost no toxic effect against host cells including healthy red blood cells. Fluorescence microscopy studies with a green-fluorescent ZnDPA probe showed selective targeting of infected red blood cells. The results suggest that ZnDPA coordination complexes are promising antiplasmodial agents with potential for targeted malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Claribel Murillo-Solano
- Department of Tropical Medicine, J Bennett Johnston Building, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lisa A Checkley
- Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Michael T Ferdig
- Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Juan C Pizarro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, J Bennett Johnston Building, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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13
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Nanoparticle targeting of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for magnetic-based separations of bacterial pathogens. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Roland FM, Peck EM, Rice DR, Smith BD. Preassembled Fluorescent Multivalent Probes for the Imaging of Anionic Membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1093-1101. [PMID: 28125214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new self-assembly process known as Synthavidin (synthetic avidin) technology was used to prepare targeted probes for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of anionic membranes and cell surfaces, a hallmark of many different types of disease. The probes were preassembled by threading a tetralactam macrocycle with six appended zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) targeting units onto a linear scaffold with one or two squaraine docking stations to produce hexavalent or dodecavalent fluorescent probes. A series of liposome titration experiments showed that multivalency promoted stronger membrane binding by the dodecavalent probe. In addition, the dodecavalent probe exhibited turn-on fluorescence due to probe unfolding during fluorescence microscopy at the membrane surface. However, the dodecavalent probe also had a higher tendency to self-aggregate after membrane binding, leading to probe self-quenching under certain conditions. This self-quenching effect was apparent during fluorescence microscopy experiments that recorded low fluorescence intensity from anionic dead and dying mammalian cells that were saturated with the dodecavalent probe. Conversely, probe self-quenching was not a factor with anionic microbial surfaces, where there was intense fluorescence staining by the dodecavalent probe. A successful set of rat tumor imaging experiments confirmed that the preassembled probes have sufficient mechanical stability for effective in vivo imaging. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this general class of preassembled fluorescent probes for multivalent targeting, but fluorescence imaging performance depends on the specific physical attributes of the biomarker target, such as the spatial distance between different copies of the biomarker and the propensity of the probe-biomarker complex to self-aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Evan M Peck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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16
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Leung ACS, Zhao E, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Leung CWT, Deng H, Tang BZ. An AIE-based bioprobe for differentiating the early and late stages of apoptosis mediated by H 2O 2. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5510-5514. [PMID: 32263348 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A bioprobe, TPE-Zn2BDPA, with aggregation-induced emission characteristics was designed and synthesized to differentiate the early and late stages of apoptosis mediated by H2O2. TPE-Zn2BDPA does not respond to healthy cells, but it selectively lights up the membrane of apopotic cells in both stages with brighter fluorescence in the late apoptotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anakin C S Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Kim JB, Lee YM, Ryu J, Lee E, Kim WJ, Keum G, Bang EK. Coordinative Amphiphiles as Tunable siRNA Transporters. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1850-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bum Kim
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Center
for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS),
and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Ryu
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Center
for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS),
and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Center
for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Rice DR, Clear KJ, Smith BD. Imaging and therapeutic applications of zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine molecular probes for anionic biomembranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8787-801. [PMID: 27302091 PMCID: PMC4949593 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This feature article describes the development of synthetic zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) receptors as selective targeting agents for anionic membranes in cell culture and living subjects. There is a strong connection between anionic cell surface charge and disease, and ZnDPA probes have been employed extensively for molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics. Fluorescence and nuclear imaging applications include detection of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, arthritis, and microbial infection, and also quantification of cell death caused by therapy. Therapeutic applications include selective targeting of cytotoxic agents and drug delivery systems, photodynamic inactivation, and modulation of the immune system. The article concludes with a summary of expected future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA.
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Zinc(II)-Dipicolylamine Coordination Complexes as Targeting and Chemotherapeutic Agents for Leishmania major. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2932-40. [PMID: 26926632 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00410-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes painful lesions and severe disfigurement. Modern treatment relies on a few chemotherapeutics with serious limitations, and there is a need for more effective alternatives. This study describes the selective targeting of zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) coordination complexes toward Leishmania major, one of the species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Fluorescence microscopy of L. major promastigotes treated with a fluorescently labeled ZnDPA probe indicated rapid accumulation of the probe within the axenic promastigote cytosol. The antileishmanial activities of eight ZnDPA complexes were measured using an in vitro assay. All tested complexes exhibited selective toxicity against L. major axenic promastigotes, with 50% effective concentration values in the range of 12.7 to 0.3 μM. Similar toxicity was observed against intracellular amastigotes, but there was almost no effect on the viability of mammalian cells, including mouse peritoneal macrophages. In vivo treatment efficacy studies used fluorescence imaging to noninvasively monitor changes in the red fluorescence produced by an infection of mCherry-L. major in a mouse model. A ZnDPA treatment regimen reduced the parasite burden nearly as well as the reference care agent, potassium antimony(III) tartrate, and with less necrosis in the local host tissue. The results demonstrate that ZnDPA coordination complexes are a promising new class of antileishmanial agents with potential for clinical translation.
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Minamiki T, Minami T, Koutnik P, Anzenbacher P, Tokito S. Antibody- and Label-Free Phosphoprotein Sensor Device Based on an Organic Transistor. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1092-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Minamiki
- Research
Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Research
Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Petr Koutnik
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research
Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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Smith BD. Smart molecules for imaging, sensing and health (SMITH). Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2540-8. [PMID: 26734100 PMCID: PMC4685796 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This autobiographical review provides a personal account of the author's academic journey in supramolecular chemistry, including brief summaries of research efforts in membrane transport, molecular imaging, ion-pair receptors, rotaxane synthesis, squaraine rotaxanes, and synthtavidin technology. The article concludes with a short perspective of likely future directions in biomedical supramolecular chemistry.
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Clear KJ, Harmatys KM, Rice DR, Wolter WR, Suckow MA, Wang Y, Rusckowski M, Smith BD. Phenoxide-Bridged Zinc(II)-Bis(dipicolylamine) Probes for Molecular Imaging of Cell Death. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:363-75. [PMID: 26334386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is involved in many pathological conditions, and there is a need for clinical and preclinical imaging agents that can target and report cell death. One of the best known biomarkers of cell death is exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. Synthetic zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) (Zn2BDPA) coordination complexes are known to selectively recognize PS-rich membranes and act as cell death molecular imaging agents. However, there is a need to improve in vivo imaging performance by selectively increasing target affinity and decreasing off-target accumulation. This present study compared the cell death targeting ability of two new deep-red fluorescent probes containing phenoxide-bridged Zn2BDPA complexes. One probe was a bivalent version of the other and associated more strongly with PS-rich liposome membranes. However, the bivalent probe exhibited self-quenching on the membrane surface, so the monovalent version produced brighter micrographs of dead and dying cells in cell culture and also better fluorescence imaging contrast in two living animal models of cell death (rat implanted tumor with necrotic core and mouse thymus atrophy). An (111)In-labeled radiotracer version of the monovalent probe also exhibited selective cell death targeting ability in the mouse thymus atrophy model, with relatively high amounts detected in dead and dying tissue and low off-target accumulation in nonclearance organs. The in vivo biodistribution profile is the most favorable yet reported for a Zn2BDPA complex; thus, the monovalent phenoxide-bridged Zn2BDPA scaffold is a promising candidate for further development as a cell death imaging agent in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kara M Harmatys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame , 400 Galvin Life Science, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame , 400 Galvin Life Science, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Mary Rusckowski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Rice DR, Plaunt AJ, Turkyilmaz S, Smith M, Wang Y, Rusckowski M, Smith BD. Evaluation of [¹¹¹In]-labeled zinc-dipicolylamine tracers for SPECT imaging of bacterial infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:204-13. [PMID: 25115869 PMCID: PMC4515950 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study prepared three structurally related zinc-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) tracers with [(111)In] labels and conducted biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies of a mouse leg infection model. PROCEDURES Two monovalent tracers, ZnDPA-[(111)In]DTPA and ZnDPA-[(111)In]DOTA, each with a single zinc-dipicolylamine targeting unit, and a divalent tracer, Bis(ZnDPA)-[(111)In]DTPA, with two zinc-dipicolylamine units were prepared. Organ biodistribution and SPECT and CT imaging studies were performed on living mice with a leg infection created by injection of clinically relevant Gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes. Fluorescent and luminescent Eu(3+)-labeled versions of these tracers were also prepared and used to measure relative affinity for the exterior membrane surface of bacterial cells and mimics of healthy mammalian cells. RESULTS All three (111)In-labeled radiotracers were prepared with a radiopurity of >90 %. The biodistribution studies showed that the two monovalent tracers were cleared from the body through the liver and kidney, with retained percentage injected dose for all organs of <8 % at 20 h and infected leg target to non-target ratio (T/NT) ratio of ≤3.0. Clearance of the divalent tracer from the bloodstream was slower and primarily through the liver, with a retained percentage injected dose for all organs <37 % at 20 h and T/NT ratio rising to 6.2 after 20 h. The SPECT/CT imaging indicated the same large difference in tracer pharmacokinetics and higher accumulation of the divalent tracer at the site of infection. CONCLUSIONS All three [(111)In]-ZnDPA tracers selectively targeted the site of a clinically relevant mouse infection model that could not be discerned by visual external inspection of the living animal. The highest target selectivity, observed with a divalent tracer equipped with two zinc-dipicolylamine targeting units, compares quite favorably with the imaging selectivities previously reported for other nuclear tracers that target bacterial cell surfaces. The tracer pharmacokinetics depended heavily on tracer molecular structure suggesting that it may be possible to rapidly fine tune the structural properties for optimized in vivo imaging performance and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Plaunt AJ, Harmatys KM, Hendrie KA, Musso AJ, Smith BD. Chemically triggered release of 5-aminolevulinic acid from liposomes. RSC Adv 2014; 4:57983-57990. [PMID: 25414791 PMCID: PMC4233679 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a prodrug of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is used for photodynamic therapy of several medical conditions, and as an adjunct for fluorescence guided surgery. The clinical problem of patient photosensitivity after systemic administration could likely be ameliorated if the 5-ALA was delivered more selectivity to the treatment site. Liposomal formulations are inherently attractive as targeted delivery vehicles but it is hard to regulate the spatiotemporal release of aqueous contents from a liposome. Here, we demonstrate chemically triggered leakage of 5-ALA from stealth liposomes in the presence of cell culture. The chemical trigger is a zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (ZnBDPA) coordination complex that selectively targets liposome membranes containing a small amount of anionic phosphatidylserine. Systematic screening of several ZnBDPA complexes uncovered a compound with excellent performance in biological media. Cell culture studies showed triggered release of 5-ALA from stealth liposomes followed by uptake into neighboring mammalian cells and intracellular biosynthesis to form fluorescent PpIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Plaunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Kara M Harmatys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Kyle A Hendrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Musso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 IN, USA
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