1
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Zhang Q, Tan W, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wei WS, Fraden S, Xu B. Unnatural Peptide Assemblies Rapidly Deplete Cholesterol and Potently Inhibit Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12901-12906. [PMID: 38701349 PMCID: PMC11223060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol-rich membranes play a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression, necessitating innovative approaches to target these membranes for cancer inhibition. Here we report the first case of unnatural peptide (1) assemblies capable of depleting cholesterol and inhibiting cancer cells. Peptide 1 self-assembles into micelles and is rapidly taken up by cancer cells, especially when combined with an acute cholesterol-depleting agent (MβCD). Click chemistry has confirmed that 1 depletes cell membrane cholesterol. It localizes in membrane-rich organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Furthermore, 1 potently inhibits malignant cancer cells, working synergistically with cholesterol-lowering agents. Control experiments have confirmed that C-terminal capping and unnatural amino acid residues (i.e., BiP) are essential for both cholesterol depletion and potent cancer cell inhibition. This work highlights unnatural peptide assemblies as a promising platform for targeting the cell membrane in controlling cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Wei
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Seth Fraden
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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2
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He J, Ghosh P, Nitsche C. Biocompatible strategies for peptide macrocyclisation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2300-2322. [PMID: 38362412 PMCID: PMC10866349 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly important drug candidates, offering numerous advantages over conventional small molecules. However, they face significant challenges related to stability, cellular uptake and overall bioavailability. While individual modifications may not address all these challenges, macrocyclisation stands out as a single modification capable of enhancing affinity, selectivity, proteolytic stability and membrane permeability. The recent successes of in situ peptide modifications during screening in combination with genetically encoded peptide libraries have increased the demand for peptide macrocyclisation reactions that can occur under biocompatible conditions. In this perspective, we aim to distinguish biocompatible conditions from those well-known examples that are fully bioorthogonal. We introduce key strategies for biocompatible peptide macrocyclisation and contextualise them within contemporary screening methods, providing an overview of available transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming He
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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3
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Lu X, Wang X, Gao S, Chen Z, Bai R, Wang Y. Bioparameter-directed nanoformulations as MRI CAs enable the specific visualization of hypoxic tumour. Analyst 2023; 148:4967-4981. [PMID: 37724375 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A malignant tumour has hypoxic cells of varying degrees. The more severe the hypoxic degree, the more difficult the prognosis of the tumour and the higher the recurrence rate. Therefore, tumour hypoxia imaging is crucial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows its strength in high resolution, depth of penetration and noninvasiveness. However, it needs more excellent contrast agents (CAs) to combat the complex tumour microenvironment (TME) and increased targeting of tumours to enhance clinical safety. Many research studies have focused on developing hypoxia-responsive MRI CAs that take advantage of the unique characteristics of hypoxic tumours. The low oxygen pressure, acidic TME, and up-regulated redox molecule levels found in hypoxic tumours serve as biological stimuli for nanoformulations that can accurately image the hypoxic region. This review highlights the importance of developing bioparameter-directed nanoformulations as MRI CAs for accurate tumour diagnosis. The design strategies and mechanisms of tumour-hypoxia imaging with nanoformulations are exemplified, with a focus on pH-responsiveness, redox-responsiveness, and p(O2)-responsiveness. The promising future of bioparameter-responsive nanoformulations for accurate tumour diagnosis and personalised cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Susu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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4
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Zhou Y, Liu R, Shevtsov M, Gao H. When imaging meets size-transformable nanosystems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114176. [PMID: 35227872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imaging techniques, including magnetic, optical, acoustic and nuclear imaging, are gaining popularity as a research tool and clinical diagnostics. The advent of imaging agents-incorporated nanosystems (NSs), with sufficient contrast and high resolution, facilitates better monitoring of disease progression, targeted delivery and therapeutic process. Of note, the size of NSs remarkably affects imaging performance, while both large and small NSs enjoy respective features and superiority for imaging aspect, including penetration depth, signal-to-background ratio and spatiotemporal resolution. In this review, after a systematic summary of the basic knowledge of imaging techniques and its relation with size-tunable strategies, we further provide insights into the opportunities and challenges facing size-transformable NSs of the future for bio-imaging application and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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5
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐Assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200369. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - He Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiayu Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063 China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Wang Y, Bai H, Miao Y, Weng J, Huang Z, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lin J, Ye D. Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - He Bai
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yinxing Miao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianhui Weng
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheng Huang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Molecular Nuclear Medicine CHINA
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Chemistry 163 Xianlin Road, 210023 Nanjing CHINA
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7
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Nwasike C, Purr E, Yoo E, Nagi JS, Doiron AL. Activatable Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Redox-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Candidates Capable of Detecting Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 33467028 PMCID: PMC7829999 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of activatable magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents has prompted significant interest in the detection of functional markers of diseases, resulting in the creation of a plethora of nanoprobes capable of detecting these biomarkers. These markers are commonly dysregulated in several chronic diseases, specifically select cancers and inflammatory diseases. Recently, the development of redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents has gained momentum given advances in medicine linking several inflammatory diseases to redox imbalance. Researchers have pinpointed redox dysregulation as an opportunity to use activatable MR contrast agents to detect and stage several diseases as well as monitor the treatment of inflammatory diseases or conditions. These new classes of agents represent an advancement in the field of MR imaging as they elicit a response to stimuli, creating contrast while providing evidence of biomarker changes and commensurate disease state. Most redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents are sensitive to reductive glutathione or oxidative reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will explore recent investigations into redox-activatable, nanoparticle-based MR contrast agent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuazam Nwasike
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Erin Purr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jaspreet Singh Nagi
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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8
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Geng W, Zheng Z, Guo D. Supramolecular design based activatable magnetic resonance imaging. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
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9
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Abstract
Enzymatic reactions and noncovalent (i.e., supramolecular) interactions are two fundamental nongenetic attributes of life. Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS) refers to a process where enzymatic reactions control intermolecular noncovalent interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies that exhibit emergent properties and functions. Like enzymatic covalent synthesis (ECS), in which an enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds to generate individual molecules, ENS is a unifying theme for understanding the functions, morphologies, and locations of molecular ensembles in cellular environments. This review intends to provide a summary of the works of ENS within the past decade and emphasize ENS for functions. After comparing ECS and ENS, we describe a few representative examples where nature uses ENS, as a rule of life, to create the ensembles of biomacromolecules for emergent properties/functions in a myriad of cellular processes. Then, we focus on ENS of man-made (synthetic) molecules in cell-free conditions, classified by the types of enzymes. After that, we introduce the exploration of ENS of man-made molecules in the context of cells by discussing intercellular, peri/intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and other applications. Finally, we provide a perspective on the promises of ENS for developing molecular assemblies/processes for functions. This review aims to be an updated introduction for researchers who are interested in exploring noncovalent synthesis for developing molecular science and technologies to address societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Adrianna N Shy
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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10
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Cui L, Vivona S, Smith BR, Kothapalli SR, Liu J, Ma X, Chen Z, Taylor M, Kierstead PH, Fréchet JM, Gambhir SS, Rao J. Reduction Triggered In Situ Polymerization in Living Mice. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15575-15584. [PMID: 32804495 PMCID: PMC8171073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
"Smart" biomaterials that are responsive to physiological or biochemical stimuli have found many biomedical applications for tissue engineering, therapeutics, and molecular imaging. In this work, we describe in situ polymerization of activatable biorthogonal small molecules in response to a reducing environment change in vivo. We designed a carbohydrate linker- and cyanobenzothiazole-cysteine condensation reaction-based small molecule scaffold that can undergo rapid condensation reaction upon physiochemical changes (such as a reducing environment) to form polymers (pseudopolysaccharide). The fluorescent and photoacoustic properties of a fluorophore-tagged condensation scaffold before and after the transformation have been examined with a dual-modality optical imaging method. These results confirmed the in situ polymerization of this probe after both local and systemic administration in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Vivona
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sri R. Kothapalli
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Taylor
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
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11
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Pan Y, Cheng X, An R, Gao G, Chen HY, Ye D. Responsive Trimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging of Liver Inflammation by Coassembly and GSH-Driven Disassembly. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:4087069. [PMID: 33029587 PMCID: PMC7520820 DOI: 10.34133/2020/4087069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive in vivo imaging of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels is essential to early diagnosis and prognosis of acute hepatitis. Although GSH-responsive fluorescence imaging probes have been reported for evaluation of hepatitis conditions, the low penetration depth of light in liver tissue has impeded reliable GSH visualization in the human liver. We present a liver-targeted and GSH-responsive trimodal probe (GdNPs-Gal) for rapid evaluation of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute liver inflammation via noninvasive, real-time in vivo imaging of hepatic GSH depletion. GdNPs-Gal are formed by molecular coassembly of a GSH-responsive Gd(III)-based MRI probe (1-Gd) and a liver-targeted probe (1-Gal) at a mole ratio of 5/1 (1-Gd/1-Gal), which shows high r 1 relaxivity with low fluorescence and fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopic (19F-MRS) signals. Upon interaction with GSH, 1-Gd and 1-Gal are cleaved and GdNPs-Gal rapidly disassemble into small molecules 2-Gd, 2-Gal, and 3, producing a substantial decline in r 1 relaxivity with compensatory enhancements in fluorescence and 19F-MRS. By combining in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (1H-MRI) with ex vivo fluorescence imaging and 19F-MRS analysis, GdNPs-Gal efficiently detect hepatic GSH using three independent modalities. We noninvasively visualized LPS-induced liver inflammation and longitudinally monitored its remediation in mice after treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (DEX). Findings highlight the potential of GdNPs-Gal for in vivo imaging of liver inflammation by integrating molecular coassembly with GSH-driven disassembly, which can be applied to other responsive molecular probes for improved in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xidan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guandao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Dejouy G, Renault K, Bonnin Q, Chevalier A, Michaudet C, Picquet M, Valverde IE, Romieu A. Fluorogenic Enzyme-Triggered Domino Reactions Producing Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one-based Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6494-6499. [PMID: 32806136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective biocompatible domino reaction triggered by a model protease and leading to the formation of strongly fluorescent quinoxalin-2(1H)-one N-heterocycles is described. Some positive attributes including versatility and the ability to provide outstanding fluorescence "OFF-ON" responses were revealed by this work. They open the way for practical applications of this novel type of "covalent-assembly"-based fluorescent probe in the fields of sensing and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance Dejouy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Kévin Renault
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Bonnin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cédric Michaudet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ibai E Valverde
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, UMR 6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
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13
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Schleyer KA, Datko BD, Burnside B, Cui C, Ma X, Grey JK, Cui L. Responsive Fluorophore Aggregation Provides Spectral Contrast for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2196-2204. [PMID: 32180309 PMCID: PMC8247454 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores experience altered emission lifetimes when incorporated into and liberated from macromolecules or molecular aggregates; this trend suggests the potential for a fluorescent, responsive probe capable of undergoing self-assembly and aggregation and consequently altering the lifetime of its fluorescent moiety to provide contrast between the active and inactive probes. We developed a cyanobenzothioazole-fluorescein conjugate (1), and spectroscopically examined the lifetime changes caused by its reduction-induced aggregation in vitro. A decrease in lifetime was observed for compound 1 in a buffered system activated by the biological reducing agent glutathione, thus suggesting a possible approach for designing responsive self-aggregating lifetime imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Benjamin D Datko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, MSC04 2710, 1313 Goddard St. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Brandon Burnside
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, MSC04 2710, 1313 Goddard St. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John K Grey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, MSC04 2710, 1313 Goddard St. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center University of Florida, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Weng J, Wen X, Hu Y, Ye D. Recent advances in stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes for in vivo imaging of enzymatic activity. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:406-421. [PMID: 32627767 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly of small molecule probes into nanostructures has been promising for the construction of molecular probes for in vivo imaging. In the past few years, a number of intelligent molecular imaging probes with fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron electron tomography (PET) or photoacoustic imaging (PA) modality have been developed based on the in situ self-assembly strategy. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in the development of different modality imaging probes through controlling in situ self-assembly for in vivo imaging of enzymatic activity. This review starts from the brief introduction of two different chemical approaches amenable for in situ self-assembly, including (1) stimuli-mediated proteolysis and (2) stimuli-triggered biocompatible reaction. We then discuss their applications in the design of fluorescence, MRI, PET, PA, and bimodality imaging probes for in vivo imaging of different enzymes, such as caspase-3, furin, gelatinase and phosphatase. Finally, we discuss the current and prospective challenges in the stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly strategy for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Chen Z, Chen M, Zhou K, Rao J. Pre‐targeted Imaging of Protease Activity through In Situ Assembly of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
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16
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Chen Z, Chen M, Zhou K, Rao J. Pre-targeted Imaging of Protease Activity through In Situ Assembly of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7864-7870. [PMID: 32056345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pre-targeted imaging of enzyme activity has not been reported, likely owing to the lack of a mechanism to retain the injected substrate in the first step for subsequent labeling. Herein, we report the use of two bioorthogonal reactions-the condensation reaction of aromatic nitriles and aminothiols and the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-to develop a novel strategy for pre-targeted imaging of the activity of proteases. The substrate probe (TCO-C-SNAT4) can be selectively activated by an enzyme target (e.g. caspase-3/7), which triggers macrocyclization and subsequent in situ self-assembly into nanoaggregates retained at the target site. The tetrazine-imaging tag conjugate labels TCO in the nanoaggregates to generate selective signal retention for imaging in vitro, in cells, and in mice. Owing to the decoupling of enzyme activation and imaging tag immobilization, TCO-C-SNAT4 can be repeatedly injected to generate and accumulate more TCO-nanoaggregates for click labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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One-step 18F-fluorination of smart positron emission tomography tracer for sensing furin activity in tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:72-79. [PMID: 32109829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide analogues have attracted considerable attention in the field of developing novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents due to their unique properties. Nevertheless, the complicated radiolabeling process and fast metabolism usually pose challenges to the clinical applications of peptide-based molecular probes. Herein a novel PET tracer containing a specific peptide sequence Arg-Val-Arg-Arg (RVRR), Acetyl-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-Cys(StBu)-Gly(AMB[18F]F3)-CBT ([18F]1), was designed and radiosynthesized using a simple and convenient one-step 18F-fluorination procedure. The smart tracer can be activated by the protease furin and then undergoes an intermolecular cyclization reaction in tumor cells, leading to improved PET imaging efficiency of tumor. METHODS The radiosynthesis of the target tracer [18F]1 and the control tracer [18F]1-ctrl was performed under facile conditions in pyridazine-HCl buffer (pH~2.5) at 80 °C within 30 min. The enzyme-controlled condensation was studied for non-radioactive compound 1 in the human breast cancer cell lysates (MDA-MB-468). The cellular uptake of [18F]1 and [18F]1-ctrl was studied and compared by measuring the activity in MDA-MB-468 cells using a γ-counter after incubation with 37 kBq of [18F]1 or [18F]1-ctrl, respectively. In vivo behavior of [18F]1 was examined through PET imaging of MDA-MB-468 tumor-bearing mice and compared with that of [18F]1-ctrl as well as that of [18F]1 co-injected with non-radioactive compound 1. RESULTS The tracer [18F]1 was obtained with a high radiochemical yield (RCY) of 42.5 ± 1.47% and an excellent radiochemical purity (RCP > 99%). Under the activation of furin and GSH, the tracer suffered a condensation reaction to form dimers and then self-assembled into nanoparticles to produce enduring signal. The cellular uptake of [18F]1 and [18F]1-ctrl was determined to be 10.2 ± 0.37 and 1.19 ± 0.25%ID at 120 min, respectively. For in vivo PET imaging, [18F]1 exhibited the optimum tumor uptake of 2.39 ± 0.31%ID/g and the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio of 2.93 ± 0.92 at 10 min post injection. Co-injection of [18F]1 and non-radioactive compound 1 produced a high tumor uptake ranging from 2.83 ± 0.23%ID/g to 3.40 ± 0.18%ID/g at 10 min and 60 min post injection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The one-step labeling method of tracer [18F]1 showed advantage in simplifying the radiolabeling process with high RCY, which could enable a real kit process for the synthesis of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals and was significant for the large-scale production of tracers for clinical applications. PET imaging results suggested that the tracer [18F]1 had good tumor uptake and the co-injection strategy of [18F]1 with 1 could enhance the imaging signal in tumor.
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18
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Chen Z, Chen M, Cheng Y, Kowada T, Xie J, Zheng X, Rao J. Exploring the Condensation Reaction between Aromatic Nitriles and Amino Thiols To Optimize In Situ Nanoparticle Formation for the Imaging of Proteases and Glycosidases in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3272-3279. [PMID: 31828913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The condensation reaction between 6-hydroxy-2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine has been shown for various applications such as site-specific protein labelling and in vivo cancer imaging. This report further expands the substrate scope of this reaction by varying the substituents on aromatic nitriles and amino thiols and testing their reactivity and ability to form nanoparticles for cell imaging. The structure-activity relationship study leads to the identification of the minimum structural requirement for the macrocyclization and assembly process in forming nanoparticles. One of the scaffolds made of 2-pyrimidinecarbonitrile and cysteine joined by a benzyl linker was applied to design fluorescent probes for imaging caspase-3/7 and β-galactosidase activity in live cells. These results demonstrate the generality of this system for imaging hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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19
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Chen Z, Chen M, Cheng Y, Kowada T, Xie J, Zheng X, Rao J. Exploring the Condensation Reaction between Aromatic Nitriles and Amino Thiols To Optimize In Situ Nanoparticle Formation for the Imaging of Proteases and Glycosidases in Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Min Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
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20
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Pinto SM, Tomé V, Calvete MJ, Castro MMC, Tóth É, Geraldes CF. Metal-based redox-responsive MRI contrast agents. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Nitsche C, Onagi H, Quek JP, Otting G, Luo D, Huber T. Biocompatible Macrocyclization between Cysteine and 2-Cyanopyridine Generates Stable Peptide Inhibitors. Org Lett 2019; 21:4709-4712. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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22
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Li H, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Meade TJ. Bimodal Fluorescence-Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent for Apoptosis Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6224-6233. [PMID: 30919628 PMCID: PMC6939894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy largely depends on inducing apoptosis in cancer cells via chemotherapy and/or radiation. Monitoring apoptosis in real-time provides invaluable information for evaluating cancer therapy response and screening preclinical anticancer drugs. In this work, we describe the design, synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of caspase probe 1 (CP1), a bimodal fluorescence-magnetic resonance (FL-MR) probe that exhibits simultaneous FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7. Both caspases exist as inactive zymogens in normal cells but are activated during apoptosis and are unique biomarkers for this process. CP1 has three distinct components: a DOTA-Gd(III) chelate that provides the MR signal enhancement, tetraphenylethylene as the aggregation induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), and DEVD peptide which is a substrate for caspase-3/7. In response to caspase-3/7, the water-soluble peptide DEVD is cleaved and the remaining Gd(III)-AIEgen (Gad-AIE) conjugate aggregates leading to increased FL-MR signals. CP1 exhibited sensitive and selective dual FL-MR turn-on response to caspase-3/7 in vitro and was successfully tested by fluorescence imaging of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, we were able to use the FL response of CP1 to quantify the exact concentrations of inactive and active agents and accurately predict the MR signal in vitro. We have demonstrated that the aggregation-driven FL-MR probe design is a unique method for MR signal quantification. This probe design platform can be adapted for a variety of different imaging targets, opening new and exciting avenues for multimodal molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Babič A, Vorobiev V, Trefalt G, Crowe LA, Helm L, Vallée JP, Allémann E. MRI micelles self-assembled from synthetic gadolinium-based nano building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:945-948. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic self-assembled stealth Gd-micelles are a new blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Babič
- Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Vassily Vorobiev
- Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Gregor Trefalt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva
- 1205 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Lindsey A. Crowe
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Lothar Helm
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne
- 1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
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Harris M, Kolanowski JL, O'Neill ES, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Parac-Vogt TN, New EJ. Drawing on biology to inspire molecular design: a redox-responsive MRI probe based on Gd(iii)-nicotinamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12986-12989. [PMID: 30387480 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel, reversible redox-active MRI probe, GdNR1, has been developed for the study of redox changes associated with diseased states. This system exhibits switching in relaxivity upon reduction and oxidation of the appended nicotinimidium. Relaxivity studies and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the impressive reversibility of this system, at a biologically-relevant reduction potential. A 2.5-fold increase in relaxivity was observed upon reduction of the complex, which corresponds to a change in the number of inner-sphere water molecules, as confirmed by luminescence lifetimes of the Eu(iii) analogue and NMRD studies. This is the first example of a redox-responsive MRI probe utilising the biologically-inspired nicotinimidium redox switch. In the future this strategy could enable the non-invasive identification of hypoxic tissue and related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnlaan 200F, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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25
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Filling Tricompartmental Ligands with GdIII and ZnII Ions: Some Structural and MRI Studies. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a mononuclear gadolinium complex (Gd) and two heteronuclear Zn-Gd complexes (ZnGd and Zn2Gd), which contain two similar three-armed ligands that display an external compartment suitable for lanthanoid ions, and two internal compartments adequate for zinc (II) ions [H3L′ = (2-(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl)-1,3-bis[4 -(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine; H3L = 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-bis[4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine]. The synthetic methods used were varied, but the use of a metalloligand, [Zn2(L)AcO], as starting material was the key factor to obtain the heterotrinuclear complex Zn2Gd. The structure of the precursor dinuclear zinc complex is mostly preserved in this complex, since it is based on a compact [Zn2Ln(L)(OH)(H2O)]3+ residue, with a µ3-OH bridge between the three metal centers, which are almost forming an isosceles triangle. The asymmetric spatial arrangement of other ancillary ligands leads to chirality, what contrasts with the totally symmetric mononuclear gadolinium complex Gd. These features were confirmed by the crystal structures of both complexes. Despite the presence of the bulky compartmental Schiff base ligand, the chiral heterotrinuclear complex forms an intricate network which is predominately expanded in two dimensions, through varied H-bonds that connect not only the ancillary ligands, but also the nitrate counterions and some solvated molecules. In addition, some preliminary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been made to determine the relaxivities of the three gadolinium complexes, with apparently improved T1 and T2 relaxivities with increasing zinc nuclearity, since both transversal and longitudinal relaxivities appear to enhance in the sequence Gd < ZnGd < Zn2Gd.
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26
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Corbin BA, Basal LA, White SA, Shen Y, Haacke EM, Fishbein KW, Allen MJ. Screening of ligands for redox-active europium using magnetic resonance imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5274-5279. [PMID: 29653832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a screening procedure to predict ligand coordination to EuII and EuIII using magnetic resonance imaging in which bright images indicate complexation and dark images indicate no complexation. Here, paramagnetic GdIII is used as a surrogate for EuIII in the screening procedure to enable detection with magnetic resonance imaging. The screening procedure was tested using a set of eight ligands with known coordination to EuII and EuIII, and results were found to be consistent with expected binding. Validation of the screening procedure with known coordination chemistry enables use with new ligands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Lina A Basal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Susan A White
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Matthew J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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27
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Hu X, Li F, Wang S, Xia F, Ling D. Biological Stimulus-Driven Assembly/Disassembly of Functional Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery, Controlled Activation, and Bioelimination. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800359. [PMID: 29782706 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoassembly technology has emerged as a powerful tool for targeted drug delivery and provides a basis for fabricating medical theranostic nanosystems. However, it is extremely difficult to concentrate nanoparticles at tumor sites, and the poor target-to-background ratio undoubtedly obstructs the accurate diagnosis and effective therapy of cancerous tissues. Importantly, the addition of biological stimulus-responsive groups to nanoassembly systems can enable a biological stimulus-driven assembly-disassembly mutual switch or structural composition/conformation change, thereby amplifying the imaging signal and/or enhancing the therapeutic effect. This progress report provides an overview of well-designed biological stimulus-responsive nanosystems that can realize precise assembly-disassembly switches by disrupting or rebuilding the intricate balance between the entropy and enthalpy of the nanosystems in response to stimuli (pH, redox, enzymes, etc.) in tumor tissues. The discussion encompasses different biological stimulus-responsive groups, fabrication approaches, and outstanding selective "turn-on" performance for efficient tumor imaging, therapy, and bioelimination. This progress report is expected to inspire more extensive research for the development of smart "turn-on" nanomaterials with increased signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios for diagnosis and drug delivery, which may pave the way for precise nanomedicine with site-specific theranostic features and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fan Xia
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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He H, Xu B. Instructed-Assembly (iA): A Molecular Process for Controlling Cell Fate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018; 91:900-906. [PMID: 30559507 PMCID: PMC6293978 DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Instructed-assembly (iAssembly or iA) refers to the formation of ordered superstructures of molecules as the consequence of at least one trigger event (e.g., a reaction or a ligand-receptor interaction). As a biomimetic process that transforms from an equilibrium to another equilibrium, iA has emerging as a powerful approach to provide spatiotemporal control for a range of potential biomedical applications, including molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. This account introduces the general concept of iA in the context of cells and illustrates how to achieve iA for applications. By mainly describing the representative examples of iA and its applications in complex environment, such as cells or animals, and providing the perspectives of the future development of iA, we intend to show that, as a process that bridges self-assembly and self-organization, iA offers chemists a facile mean to explore the emergent properties of molecular assemblies and the dynamics of molecular processes to control cell fate. Particularly, iA promises many wonderful surprises and useful applications in physical and/or life sciences when multiple processes (e.g., self-assembly, instructed-assembly, and self-organization) are taking place simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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29
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Wang Y, An R, Luo Z, Ye D. Firefly Luciferin-Inspired Biocompatible Chemistry for Protein Labeling and In Vivo Imaging. Chemistry 2017; 24:5707-5722. [PMID: 29068109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible reactions have emerged as versatile tools to build various molecular imaging probes that hold great promise for the detection of biological processes in vitro and/or in vivo. In this Minireview, we describe the recent advances in the development of a firefly luciferin-inspired biocompatible reaction between cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine (Cys), and highlight its versatility to label proteins and build multimodality molecular imaging probes. The review starts from the general introduction of biocompatible reactions, which is followed by briefly describing the development of the firefly luciferin-inspired biocompatible chemistry. We then discuss its applications for the specific protein labeling and for the development of multimodality imaging probes (fluorescence, bioluminescence, MRI, PET, photoacoustic, etc.) that enable high sensitivity and spatial resolution imaging of redox environment, furin and caspase-3/7 activity in living cells and mice. Finally, we offer the conclusions and our perspective on the various and potential applications of this reaction. We hope that this review will contribute to the research of biocompatible reactions for their versatile applications in protein labeling and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruibing An
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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30
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Ni D, Bu W, Ehlerding EB, Cai W, Shi J. Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7438-7468. [PMID: 29071327 PMCID: PMC5705441 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability. Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI. Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail. In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity. Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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31
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with widespread use in diagnosis. Frequently, contrast in MRI is enhanced with the aid of a contrast agent, among which smart, responsive, OFF/ON or activatable probes are of particular interest. These kinds of probes elicit a response to selective stimuli, evidencing the presence of enzymes or acidic pH, for instance. In this review, we will focus on smart probes that are detectable by both 1H and 19F MRI, frequently based on nanomaterials. We will discuss the triggering factors and the strategies employed thus far to activate each probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
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32
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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33
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Zheng M, Wang Y, Shi H, Hu Y, Feng L, Luo Z, Zhou M, He J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Ye D. Redox-Mediated Disassembly to Build Activatable Trimodal Probe for Molecular Imaging of Biothiols. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10075-10085. [PMID: 27934082 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Activatable multimodal probes that show enhancement of multiplex imaging signals upon interaction with their specific molecular target have become powerful tools for rapid and precise imaging of biological processes. Herein, we report a stimuli-responsive disassembly approach to construct a redox-activatable fluorescence/19F-MRS/1H-MRI triple-functional probe 1. The small molecule probe 1 itself has a high propensity to self-assemble into nanoparticles with quenched fluorescence, attenuated 19F-MRS signal, and high 1H-MRI contrast. Biothiols that are abundant in reducing biological environment were able to cleave the disulfide bond in probe 1 to induce disassembly of the nanoparticles and lead to fluorescence activation (∼70-fold), 19F-MRS signal amplification (∼30-fold) and significant r1 relaxivity reduction (∼68% at 0.5 T). Molecular imaging of reducing environment in live cells and in vivo was realized using probe 1. This approach could facilitate the development of other stimuli-responsive trimodal probes for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liandong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiliang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, China
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34
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Hauser JR, Beard HA, Bayana ME, Jolley KE, Warriner SL, Bon RS. Economical and scalable synthesis of 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2019-2025. [PMID: 27829906 PMCID: PMC5082452 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Cyanobenzothiazoles (CBTs) are useful building blocks for: 1) luciferin derivatives for bioluminescent imaging; and 2) handles for bioorthogonal ligations. A particularly versatile CBT is 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole (ACBT), which has an amine handle for straight-forward derivatisation. Here we present an economical and scalable synthesis of ACBT based on a cyanation catalysed by 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and discuss its advantages for scale-up over previously reported routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Hauser
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | - Hester A Beard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | - Mary E Bayana
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; Institute of Process Research and Development
| | - Katherine E Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; Institute of Process Research and Development
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
| | - Robin S Bon
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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35
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Versluis F, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. Synthetic Self-Assembled Materials in Biological Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4576-4592. [PMID: 27042774 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic self-assembly has long been recognized as an excellent approach for the formation of ordered structures on the nanoscale. Although the development of synthetic self-assembling materials has often been inspired by principles observed in nature (e.g., the assembly of lipids, DNA, proteins), until recently the self-assembly of synthetic molecules has mainly been investigated ex vivo. The past few years however, have witnessed the emergence of a research field in which synthetic, self-assembling systems are used that are capable of operating as bioactive materials in biological environments. Here, this up-and-coming field, which has the potential of becoming a key area in chemical biology and medicine, is reviewed. Two main categories of applications of self-assembly in biological environments are identified and discussed, namely therapeutic and imaging agents. Within these categories key concepts, such as triggers and molecular constraints for in vitro/in vivo self-assembly and the mode of interaction between the assemblies and the biological materials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Versluis
- Advanced Soft Matter Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628BL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Advanced Soft Matter Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628BL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Advanced Soft Matter Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628BL, Delft, The Netherlands
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36
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Wang Y, Song R, Guo K, Meng Q, Zhang R, Kong X, Zhang Z. A gadolinium(iii) complex based dual-modal probe for MRI and fluorescence sensing of fluoride ions in aqueous medium and in vivo. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17616-17623. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gd(iii) complex based dual-modal probe, Gd(TTA)3-DPPZ was designed and assembled for the simultaneous fluoride ion in aqueous media and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Renfeng Song
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Anshan
- P. R. China
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37
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Du W, Yuan Y, Wang L, Cui Y, Wang H, Xu H, Liang G. Multifunctional Bioconjugate for Cancer Cell-Targeted Theranostics. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2571-8. [PMID: 26580576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell-targeted imaging and drug delivery remain a challenge for precise cancer theranostics. MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein that may potentially serve as a target for cancer theranostics. Herein, using a MUC1-targeting aptamer (APT) as the "warhead", we rationally designed and constructed a hybrid nanoparticle 1-NPs-QDs-hAPT (Vehicle) that could be applied for MUC1-targeted cell uptake and imaging. By intercalating different Vehicle amounts with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), we obtained the multifunctional bioconjugate Vehicle-DOX with a maximized drug payload and DOX fluorescence quenching capability. Confocal microscopy cell imaging indicated that Vehicle-DOX could be used to track MUC1-targeted drug release. A cytotoxicity study indicated that Vehicle-DOX could be applied for MUC1-targeted cytotoxicity. We anticipate that our multifunctional bioconjugate Vehicle-DOX could be applied for in vivo tumor-targeted theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yusi Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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38
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Ye Z, Zhou Z, Ayat N, Wu X, Jin E, Shi X, Lu ZR. A neutral polydisulfide containing Gd(III) DOTA monoamide as a redox-sensitive biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015. [PMID: 26218648 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to develop safe and effective gadolinium (III)-based biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for blood pool and cancer imaging. A neutral polydisulfide containing macrocyclic Gd-DOTA monoamide (GOLS) was synthesized and characterized. In addition to studying the in vitro degradation of GOLS, its kinetic stability was also investigated in an in vivo model. The efficacy of GOLS for contrast-enhanced MRI was examined with female BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer xenografts. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and metabolism of GOLS were also determined in mice. GOLS has an apparent molecular weight of 23.0 kDa with T1 relaxivities of 7.20 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd at 1.5 T, and 6.62 mM(-1) s(-1) at 7.0 T. GOLS had high kinetic inertness against transmetallation with Zn(2+) ions, and its polymer backbone was readily cleaved by L-cysteine. The agent showed improved efficacy for blood pool and tumor MR imaging. The structural effect on biodistribution and in vivo chelation stability was assessed by comparing GOLS with Gd(HP-DO3A), a negatively charged polydisulfide containing Gd-DOTA monoamide GODC, and a polydisulfide containing Gd-DTPA-bisamide (GDCC). GOLS showed high in vivo chelation stability and minimal tissue deposition of gadolinium. The biodegradable macromolecular contrast agent GOLS is a promising polymeric contrast agent for clinical MR cardiovascular imaging and cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nadia Ayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erlei Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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39
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Zheng M, Huang H, Zhou M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ye D, Chen HY. Cysteine-Mediated Intracellular Building of Luciferin to Enhance Probe Retention and Fluorescence Turn-On. Chemistry 2015; 21:10506-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Nejadnik H, Ye D, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Martin JE, Castillo R, Derugin N, Sennino B, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Magnetic resonance imaging of stem cell apoptosis in arthritic joints with a caspase activatable contrast agent. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1150-60. [PMID: 25597243 PMCID: PMC4441518 DOI: 10.1021/nn504494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
About 43 million individuals in the U.S. encounter cartilage injuries due to trauma or osteoarthritis, leading to joint pain and functional disability. Matrix-associated stem cell implants (MASI) represent a promising approach for repair of cartilage defects. However, limited survival of MASI creates a significant bottleneck for successful cartilage regeneration outcomes and functional reconstitution. We report an approach for noninvasive detection of stem cell apoptosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), based on a caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation MRI probe (C-SNAM). C-SNAM self-assembles into nanoparticles after hydrolysis by caspase-3, leading to 90% amplification of (1)H MR signal and prolonged in vivo retention. Following intra-articular injection, C-SNAM causes significant MR signal enhancement in apoptotic MASI compared to viable MASI. Our results indicate that C-SNAM functions as an imaging probe for stem cell apoptosis in MASI. This concept could be applied to a broad range of cell transplants and target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Deju Ye
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Olga D. Lenkov
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jessica Donig
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John E. Martin
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rostislav Castillo
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nikita Derugin
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Barbara Sennino
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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41
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Yuan Y, Sun H, Ge S, Wang M, Zhao H, Wang L, An L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Hu B, Wang J, Liang G. Controlled intracellular self-assembly and disassembly of 19F nanoparticles for MR imaging of caspase 3/7 in zebrafish. ACS NANO 2015; 9:761-768. [PMID: 25544315 DOI: 10.1021/nn5062657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to (1)H MRI, (19)F MRI provides higher selectivity but lower sensitivity. Therefore, the need to inject high doses of the (19)F probe to improve its sensitivity for in vivo diagnosis remains a challenge. A "smart" strategy is needed that could locally concentrate a low-dose (19)F probe while avoiding the fast transverse relaxation of the probes. Locally self-assembling and disassembling (19)F nanoparticles may be an optimal measure to achieve this goal. Herein, we report a dual-functional probe 1 for glutathione (GSH)-controlled self-assembly and subsequent caspase 3/7 (Casp3/7)-controlled disassembly of formed nanoparticles (i.e., 1-NPs). Consecutive assembly and disassembly of 1-NPs translate to "off" and "on" (19)F magnetic resonance (MR) signal states, respectively. Employing this smart strategy, we successfully used 1 for the consecutive detection of GSH and Casp3/7 activity in vitro and in cells and imaging Casp3/7 activity in cells and in zebrafish at low doses with a 14.1 T magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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42
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Romieu A. “AND” luminescent “reactive” molecular logic gates: a gateway to multi-analyte bioimaging and biosensing. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1294-306. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This feature article focuses on the recent development of “AND” luminescent molecular logic gates, in which the optical output is produced in response to multiple (bio)chemical inputs and through cascades of covalent bond-modifying reactions triggered by target (bio)analytes, for biosensing and bioimaging applications in complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Romieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Université de Bourgogne
- 21078 Dijon
- France
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